摘要：The positive influence of physical activity on the human body is clear and irrefutable. Protection against cardiovascular, metabolic and autoimmune diseases, cancers,and psychiatric disorders are all among the advantages that can be mentioned. As low grade systemic chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the abovementioned diseases, it is very possible that physical activity prevents their occurrence by reducing inflammation. In this article, we describe the influence of physical activity on systemic inflammation. We discuss aerobic and resistance training separately. We pay attention to circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokinessuch as IL-1, TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, the adhesion molecules, leukocytes, the levels of adipokine and leptin,the bioavailability of nitric oxide, and the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio in the gut. We also discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for reducing systemic inflammation, focusing on the positive influence of physical training on the adipose tissue, the muscles, the endothelium of the vessels, and the microbiome of the gut. We conclude that the influence of resistance training on the inflammatory status is not obvious and that aerobic activity reduces inflammation more clearly. However, the combination of both types of training appears to be the most advantageous.The long-term positive effects of physical activity outweigh the temporary increase of the pro-inflammatory influence. It is not obvious what is the main mechanism responsible for the reduction of inflammation. Probably the adipose tissue, the muscles, the endothelium of the vessels, and the microbiome cooperate and complement each other.We finish by presenting the recommendations of a number of organizations as to the length and frequency of physical activity.
关键词：aerobic activity;resistance training;cytokines;C-reactive protein
