摘要：As it is very important to learn about the factors conditioning motor skills so that children have the best opportunities for their development, the aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the level of physical abilities and motor skills of five-year-olds, taking into account dimorphic differences. 435 five-year-old children participated in the study, including 180 girls and 255 boys. Physical fitness (PF) was assessed according to the Polish Physical Fitness Test for preschoolers. The Gross Motor Skills Test (TGMD II) (Urlich 2000) was used to assess motor skills. Statistica 13.0 software was used for statistical data processing. In the sex groups, descriptive statistical parameters (mean, standard deviation) were calculated. To evaluate the dimorphic differences, the Mollison index was used. The statistical significance of the differences between the results of girls and boys was assessed according to the t-Student test. In order to standardize the units, the individual results of girls and boys were normalized on the T scale to the mean and statistical dispersion of all subjects. Next, children were divided into the following groups: low physical fitness (PFI), average physical fitness (PFII), high physical fitness (PFIII). The statistical significance of differences between the above-mentioned groups was assessed by the ANOVA analysis of variance and the Newman Keuls test. The analysis of fitness abilities revealed significant differences between girls and boys in trials assessing running speed and agility. On the other hand, such relationships were not noted in the strength of the arms and the power of the lower limbs. Among the five-year-olds in Biała Podlaska, a higher level of gross motor skills was noted in girls compared to boys, which was mainly influenced by the results of locomotor skills. In the ability to control sports equipment, similar results were observed in both sexes. However, there were significant differences in the individual exercises. Since no significant distances in locomotive skills and control of instruments were noted in five-yearold girls and boys characterized by different levels of physical fitness, it should be assumed that the 5th year of life is still too early a period in ontogenesis to look for such relationships.
关键词：preschoolers;sexual dimorphism;physical fitness;gross motor skills
