摘要：This study aims to identify semantic problems and fnd solutions to understanding multiculturalism, interculturalism, and cross-cultural with Gadamer’s hermeneutical, philological, and critical historical analysis. The result of this study is that the semantic problem begins with multiculturalism as a term that has many meanings. This problem received a response in the form of multiculturalism transposition with clarity of its features. The discussion arises when the problem of multiculturalism is faced with the term interculturalism as a comparative approach. There are two perspective arguments; arguments in favor of multiculturalism and responsive arguments. Discussion of the problem increases when “interculturalism” is used to show a specifc model of “managing cultural diversity” in Canadian multiculturalism which is different from the important respect of European interculturalism models. The two approaches contain indications of strategic advantages in shifting to the term “interculturalism” because the term “multiculturalism” is seen as having been politically tarnished during the last decades. The discussion culminated in criticism of the current study of multiculturalism which ignores the contributions of primary disciplines, especially anthropology and social psychology, in particular contact theory. Finally, this study proposes a three-point understanding solution; (1) multiculturalism is a holistic concept and an ideological basis for the recognition of cultural differences, (2) interculturalism is a model for managing cultural differences in accordance with the cultural bases of different regions, (3) cross-cultural with the substance of interaction patterns, action programs, skills, and conflict management instruments. This study argues that the semantic problems of multiculturalism, interculturalism, and cross-cultural require specifc solutions to understand the characteristics of each of these terms.
其他摘要：Kajian ini bertujuan mengidentifkasi problem semantis dan menemukan solusi pemahaman multiculturalism, interculturalism, dan cross-cultural dengan analisis hermeneutika Gadamer, flologis, dan historis kritis. Hasil kajian ini adalah problem semantis berawal dari multiculturalism yang memiliki banyak arti dan menuai perdebatan di kalangan akademisi. Problem ini mendapat respons berupa transposisi multiculturalism dengan kejelasan fturnya. Diskusi muncul ketika problem multiculturalism berhadapan dengan tema interculturalism sebagai pendekatan pembanding. Ada dua perspektif argumen; argumen yang mendukung multiculturalism dan argumen responsif. Diskusi problem meningkat ketika “interculturalism” digunakan untuk menunjukkan model spesifk “managing cultural diversity” dalam multikulturalisme Kanada yang berbeda dengan important respect dari model interkulturalisme Eropa. Dua pendekatan tersebut memuat indikasi keuntungan strategis dalam pengalihan ke istilah “interculturalism” karena istilah “multiculturalism” dipandang telah ternoda secara politis selama dekade terakhir. Diskusi dapat menimbulkan puncak kritik terhadap arus studi multikulturalisme yang mengabaikan kontribusi disiplin primer, terutama antropologi dan psikologi sosial, khususnya teori kontak. Pada akhirnya, kajian ini mengajukan tiga poin solusi pemahaman; (1) multiculturalism merupakan konsep holistik dan basis ideologis pengakuan perbedaan budaya, (2) interculturalism merupakan model pengelolaan perbedaan budaya sesuai dengan basis budaya kawasan yang berbeda, (3) cross-cultural bersubstansi pola interaksi, program aksi, skill, dan instrumen manajemen konflik. Kajian ini berargumen bahwa problem semantis multiculturalism, interculturalism, dan cross-cultural memerlukan solusi pemahaman secara spesifk tentang karakteristik masing-masing istilah tersebut.
