出版社：University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture and University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
摘要：The built environment requires ever-increasing amounts of raw material resources and at the same time bears the responsibility for the resulting waste. Waste is generated throughout the life cycle. In the initial phases it is referred to as industrial waste, while during construction, reconstruction, and demolition it is called construction waste. Construction waste is most volumi-nous but it also has a great potential in circular economy that aims at the closed loop cycle where already used construction materials and components are recovered as raw materials. Sustainable building principles include four basic strategies, wa-ste avoidance, construction materials and components re-use, continued use, and recycling. The possibility of construction wa-ste treatment and its possible recovery in the building process depends on the type of prevailing materials that are contained in building elements as well as on detachability, separability and inseparability of structural joints and components. The architect plays a responsible role in decreasing the volume of construc-tion waste as the conception of a building represents the key factor in sustainable construction waste management. Planning a construction with a good dismantling potential at the end of the building’s life cycle includes a number of factors such as the choice of building materials with a low environmental impact, the design of detachable composite materials and structures as well as the design of mono material structures. This article focuses on waste resulting from the built environment and discusses architectural concepts with a potential of reducing the volume of construction waste and its potential recovery as a construction resource.
其他摘要：Grajeno okolje zahteva čedalje večje količine surovinskih virov, hkrati pa nosi pomemben del odgovornosti za nastajajoče odpadke. Do odpadkov prihaja v celotnem življenjskem ciklusu, čeprav se v začetnih fazah nastajanja gradiv deklarirajo kot industrijski odpadki, ob gradnji, obnovi in rušitvi objektov pa prihaja do gradbenih odpadkov. Gradbeni odpadki, ki so sicer med vsemi najbolj voluminozni, imajo velik potencial v krožnem gospodarstvu. Vračanje odsluženih gradiv in komponent med surovinske vire bo omogočilo zaprt krog življenjskega ciklusa gradiv, brez odpadkov, ki bi končali izven gradbenega sektorja. Trajnostna načela gradnje vključujejo štiri osnovne strategije – izogibanje odpadkom, ponovno uporabo gradiv in komponent, njihovo nadaljnjo uporabo in recikliranje. Možnost obdelave gradbenih odpadkov in njihovega vračanja v proces gradnje je odvisna od vrste prevladujočih materialov, ki sestavljajo kon-strukcijske elemente stavbe in ločljivosti/neločljivosti konstruk-cijskih zvez. Arhitekt ima odgovorno nalogo pri zmanjševanju količin gradbenih odpadkov, saj zasnova stavbe postaja ključna pri obvladovanju gradbenih odpadkov. Konstrukcija s potenci-alom za smotrno razgradnjo na koncu življenjske dobe stavbe vključuje več konceptov – izbor gradiv z nizkim potencialom obremenjevanja z gradbenimi odpadki, projektiranje razstavlji-vih kompozitnih gradiv in konstrukcij ter projektiranje enovitih konstrukcij. V prispevku so evidentirani odpadki, ki nastajajo zaradi grajenega okolja. Predstavljeni so koncepti arhitekturnih zasnov s potencialom zmanjšanja količin gradbenih odpadkov in njihovega vračanja med surovinske vire.
关键词：construction waste;circular economy;recycling;reuse;urban mining;digital material passport
其他关键词：gradbeni odpadki;krožno gradbeništvo;recikliranje;ponovna uporaba;urbano rudarjenje;digitalni potni list gradiv
