摘要：As one of the farthest points in the north influenced by effects of Turkish-Islamic arts,Bahçesaray City of Crimea draws attention with its Ottoman influenced buildings. Having served as the capital city of Crimean Khanate,this city is home to Hansaray,the palace of the Khanate. Being a smaller example of Topkapı Palace in regard of architectural layout,Hansaray also strongly reflects Ottoman influenced in its decorations. With architects and artists imported from İstanbul for construction on Hansaray,motifs from İstanbul,the centre of Ottoman Empire,were transplanted to Bahçesaray,the centre of the Crimean Khanate. The stone garden (Taşlık) in the Second Courtyard of Hansaray is a special location with its two fountains. One of these,the Golden Fountain (Altın Çeşme), carries the Tulip Era characteristics of Ottoman fountain architecture with its basic design, façade arrangement and decorations. The Golden Fountain is a single façade water feature with a rectangular reservoir, built of squared stones. The marble drinking fountain at the front face of the structure calls attention with its extensive embellishments. The fountain is decorated with motifs of Classical Ottoman,European Baroque and Rococo styles. A large part of decorations being coated with golden gilt has resulted in the structure being named as the Golden Fountain. The fountain is comprised of two part,namely the mirror and the top panel. The top panel is decorated with compositions of Classical Ottoman origin like muqarnas (stalactite) row, palmette,roumi and bent branch. The mirror part is decorated with European Baroque and Rococo style motifs including kavsar with sun motif based on clam shell motif,fruit plates bedecked with various fruits and rose plants growing out of a kantharos-like container. These motifs are not just found on the fountain,but also on architectural elements of many buildings erected in Hansaray in the same period,as well as on gravestones found in its private cemetery. According to its inscriptions the Golden Fountain was built by Ḳaplan Girāy Ḫān in 1146 Hegira (1733-34 Gregorian). The fountain bears properties similar to Ottoman Tulip Era style fountains in regard of its materials,architectural layout and decorations. It date of construction also supports this inference. The fact that the region has remained under Ottoman patronage for long years is the main reason for the artistic styles seen in Ottoman culture are seen on many Turkish-Islamic influenced buildings in this region at the same time as they are seen in Ottoman lands. This study aims to present and explain basic design,façade arrangement and decorations of Altın Çeşme in Hansaray,and to determine its place in Ottoman fountain architecture.
其他摘要：Türk-İslam sanatına ait etkilerin kuzeyde ulaştığı son noktalardan biri olan Kırım’ın Bahçesaray kenti Osmanlı etkili yapılarla dikkati çekmektedir. Kırım Hanlığı’na başkentlik yapan bu kentte,hanlığın sarayı olan Hansaray bulunmaktadır. Mimari kuruluşu bakımından Topkapı Sarayı’nın küçük bir benzeri olan Hansaray,süslemeleriyle de Osmanlı etkilerini yoğun olarak yansıtmaktadır. Hansaray’ın inşasında İstanbul’dan getirilen mimar ve sanatçıların çalıştırılması,Osmanlı’nın merkezi İstanbul’daki motiflerin Kırım Hanlığı’nın merkezi Bahçesaray’a taşınmasına sebep olmuştur. Hansaray’ın II. Avlusundaki Taşlık,buda bulunan iki çeşmesiyle özel bir mekandır. Bu çeşmelerden biri olan Altın Çeşme,temel tasarımı,cephe düzeni ve süslemeleriyle Osmanlı çeşme mimarisinin Lâle Dönemi üslubu özelliklerini taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Hansaray Altın Çeşme’nin temel tasarımı,cephe düzeni ve süslemeleriyle tanıtılması,Osmanlı çeşme mimarisi içerisindeki yerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.
关键词：Crimea;Bahçesaray;Hansaray;Altın Çeşme;Tulip Era style;fountain
其他关键词：Kırım;Bahçesaray;Hansaray;Altın Çeşme;Lâle Dönemi üslubu;çeşme
