In recent years, the eucalyptus plantation industry develops rapidly in Xiaoliang Soil and Water Conservation Station of Maoming city, Guangdong Province. It has brought enormous economic benefits for regional economicdevelopment, and also brings many ecological problems. Based on the analysis about the advantages and disadvantages of the eucalyptus plantation industry development, the researches about the laws of its development and characteristics, and the exploration about good strategies for its sustainable development, this paper has important realistic significance to promote the healthy and steady development of regional economy.