Recent Work in Critical Theory - Bibliography

William Baker

This alphabetically arranged bibliography annotates recently published books and is based primarily on materials coming into the Northern Illinois University libraries between August 1998 and August 1999. Inclusion does not mean exclusion in a subsequent Style bibliography or review. Our remarks will simply convey the basic content of each item as objectively as possible. The publication dates for most of the items are 1998 and 1999, although some monographs have earlier imprints.

As noted in previous surveys of "Recent Work in Critical Theory," it has been difficult to arrange systematically in subject categories the wealth of recent material in the field of critical theory; some placement is ineluctably arbitary. While only too aware of the limitations of categories, we have adopted the following rubrics: 1. General; 2. Semiotics, Narratology, Rhetoric, and Language Systems; 3. Postmodernism and Deconstruction; 4. Reader-Response and Phenomenological Criticism; 5. Feminist and Gender Studies; 6. Psychoanalytic Criticism; 7. Cultural and Historical Criticism.

(1) General

Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. Key Concepts in Post-Colonial Studies. London: Routledge, 1998.

Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin's volume explores the central terms and concepts in postcolonial theory by offering insight into their origins and detailing each term's various meanings. In addition to examining a wide range of concepts such as ethnicity and race, the compilers trace the history and critical usage of each term.

Berlin, Isaiah. The Proper Study of Manking: An Anthology of Essays. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997.

Selections include: "The Pursuit of the Ideal"; "Philosophical Foundations"; "Freedom and Determinism"; "Political Liberty and Pluralism"; "History of Ideas"; "Russian Writers"; "Romanticism and Nationalism in the Modern Age"; and "Twentieth-Century Figures."

Calloway, Stephen. Aubrey Beardsley. New York: Abrams, 1998.

Calloway addresses the life and work of Aubrey Beardsley, the most notorious illustrator of his era. In addition to comparing Beardsley's work to such figures as Oscar Wilde, James McNeill Whistler, Max Beerbohm, Edward Burne-Jones, and W. B. Yeats, among others, Calloway traces the evolution of Beardsley's brief career. Calloway examines the illustrator's diversity of influences, from ancient Greek vase paintings to European Old Master paintings by Mantegna, Watteau, and Botticelli.

Canetti, Elias. Notes from Hampstead: The Writer's Notes, 1954-1971. Trans. John Hargraves. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1998.

Canetti's notebook underscores the writer's experiences after the death of his wife and the publication of his masterwork of social theory, Crowds and Power. In addition to discussing his affections for such figures as Cervantes, Stendhal, and Gogol, Canetti's notebooks address the significance of mythology and ethnicity; the nature of creativity; the role of violence in the twentieth century; literary history; and the lingering specter of death, among other subjects.

Cheung, King-Kok, ed. An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Cheung's volume offers a survey of literature by North American writers of Asian descent, both in terms of national origins and shared concerns. Intended as a guide and reference work for scholars, teachers, and students in Asian American studies, ethnic studies, and American studies, Cheung's companion addresses works by American writers of Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, and Vietnamese descent.

Childs, Peter. The Twentieth Century in Poetry. London: Routledge, 1999.

Childs explores English poetry through analyses of various twentieth-century events, as well as discussing British history via its representations in recent poetry. In addition to assessing poetry's role in our understanding of society and identity, Childs argues that all poetry is historically produced and consumed. Childs investigates the Georgians, the poetry of World War I, the lives and works of Yeats and Eliot, the poetry of the 1930s, women's poetry, and contemporary anthologies, among other topics.

Chisholm, Kate. Fanny Burney: Her Life. London: Chatto and Windus, 1998.

Chisholm traces the life and work of Fanny Burney, with particular attention to the publication and reception of her eighteenth-century volume, Evelina. In addition to discussing the author's Voluminous personal journals, Chisholm examines Burney's experiences in Georgian England, especially her meeting with Dr. Johnson, as well as the composition of her plays and novels. Chisholm offers a portrait of Burney's evolution as an author during a rapid era of cultural expansion in England and France.

Crook, Keith. A Preface to Swift. New York: Longman, 1998.

Crook provides students of Swift's life and work with an introductory guide to his textual and biographical lives. In addition to addressing the writer's political, social, and cultural concerns, Crook offers a critical survey of Swift's poetry and prose. The volume concludes with a variety of primary and secondary references regarding Swift's life and work.

Cuddon, J. A., ed. A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

Cuddon's guide to the study of literary terms and literary theory provides students and advanced scholars alike with an introduction to contemporary critical theory and literary study. In addition to offering a range of such traditional entries as dramatic monologue, parody, satire, and irony, among others, Cuddon's survey attempts to afford readers with an expansive introduction to the terminology of literary theory.

Curtis, Anthony. Lit Ed: On Reviewing and Reviewers. Manchester: Carcanet, 1998.

Curtis discusses the issues that confront publishers of book reviews. In addition to detailing his experiences with publishers, contributors, and editors, Curtis examines the crucial roles of editors in the important scholarly activity of book reviewing. Curtis provides readers with a history of book reviewing in England and the United States.

Dekkers, Odin. J. M. Robertson: Rationalist and Literary Critic. London: Ashgate, 1998.

Dekkers offers an analysis of the life of one of the most erudite and prolific critics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In addition to discussing the author's publication of more than one hundred books and thousands of articles,

Dekkers explores Robertson's forays into sociology, economics, history, anthropology, Biblical criticism, and literary criticism. Dekkers demonstrates the ways in which Robertson's work continues to resonate among practitioners of literary criticism and theory.

Dixon, Nancy. Fortune and Misery, Sally Rhett Roman of New Orleans: A Biographical Portrait and Selected Fiction, 1891-1920. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1999.

Dixon addresses the life and work of Sally Rhett Roman, the editorialist and fiction writer for the New Orleans Times-Democrat for two decades during the early twentieth century. Dixon demonstrates the ways in which Roman's writings reflect her life experiences in both the world of antebellum prosperity and the arduous working world of the early twentieth century. Dixon devotes particular attention to Roman's interest in cultural, social, and feminist issues.

Donoghue, Denis. The Practice of Reading. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.

Selections include: "Curriculum Vitae"; "Theory, Theories, and Principles"; "Three Ways of Reading"; "The Practice of Reading"; "What Is Interpretation?"; "Doing Things with Words"; "Orality, Literacy, and Their Discontents"; "Murray Krieger versus Paul de Man"; "What Happens in Othello"; "Reading Gulliver's Travels"; "On a Word in Wordsworth"; "The Antinomian Pater"; "On a Chapter of Ulysses"; "Yeats: The New Political Issue"; and "Teaching Blood Meridian."

Dunn, Jane. Antonia White: A Life. London: Jonathan Cape, 1998.

Drawing upon White's unexpurgated diaries, journals, asylum records, and voluminous correspondence, Dunn discusses the writer's life and work. Dunn traces White's ambivalent relationship with her parents, her three marriages, her various lovers, and her friendships with such figures as Cyril Connolly, Dylan Thomas, and Bertrand Russell, among others. Dunn examines the role of therapy, faith, femininity, and madness in White's fictions.

Eisler, Benita. Byron: Child of Passion, Fool of Fame. New York: Knopf, 1999.

Eisler offers an expansive portrait of Byron's controversial life and work. Drawing upon family papers and correspondence, Eisler provides readers with a complex vision of Byron's experiences as a renegade aristocrat, mythic lover, political revolutionary, and poetic genius.

Ellis, David. D. H. Lawrence: Dying Game, 1922-1930. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

In the final volume of his Cambridge biography of D. H. Lawrence, Ellis chronicles the writer's progress after leaving Europe in 1922 through his death in Venice in 1930. Drawing upon a variety of published and unpublished materials, Ellis examines Lawrence's travels in Ceylon, Australia, the United States, and Mexico, among other locales. Ellis devotes particular attention to the publication and reception of such works as Lawrence's Kangaroo, The Plumed Serpent, and Lady Chatterley's Lover, among others.

Epstein, Joseph. Life Sentences: Literary Essays. New York: Norton, 1997.

Selections include: "Reading Montaigne"; "C. P. Cavafy, A Poet in History"; "The Enduring V. S. Pritchett"; "F. Scott Fitzgerald's Third Act"; "Wise, Foolish, Enchanting Lady Mary"; "Kenneth Tynan, The Unshy Pornographer"; "Elizabeth Bishop: Never a Bridesmaid"; "Life Sentences, The Art of Joseph Conrad"; "The Man Who Wrote Too Much"; "Bye-Bye, Bunny"; "La Rochefoucauld: Maximum Maximist"; "Why Solzhenitsyn Will Not Go Away"; "Mr. Larkin Gets a Life"; "Mary McCarthy in Retrospect"; "Ambrose Bierce, Our Favorite Cynic"; "Mistah Lowell--He Dead"; "Dreiser's Great Good Girl"; "U.S.A. Today"; and "Sam Lipman at the NEA."

Fleming, G. H. John Everett Millais: A Biography. London: Constable, 1998.

Fleming examines Millais's place as one of England's most popular and most commercially successful artists. Fleming devotes attention to Millais's role in the Pre-Raphaelite tradition, as well as the artist's production of more than 350 easel paintings, including such works as The Carpenter's Shop and Ophelia, among others. Fleming discusses the influential Victorian artist's contemporary scenes, landscapes, and portraits of men, women, children, and animals.

Frye, Northrop. Northrop Frye's Student Essays, 1932-1938. Vol. 3. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1997.

Selections include: "The Basis of Primitivism"; "Romanticism"; "Robert Browning: An Abstract Study"; "The Concept of Sacrifice"; "The Fertility Cults"; "The Jewish Background of the New Testament: An Essay in Historical Apocalyptic"; "The Age and Type of Christianity in the Epistle of James"; "Doctrine of Salvation in John, Paul, and James"; "St. Paul and Orphism"; "The Augustinian Interpretation of History"; "The Life and Thought of Ramon Lull"; "Robert Cowton to Thomas Rondel, Lector at Balliol College, Oxford"; "Relative Importance of the Causes of the Reformation"; "Gains and Losses of the Reformation"; "A Study of the Impact of Cultural Movements upon the Church in

England during the Nineteenth Century"; "The Relation of Religion to the Arts"; "The Relation of Religion to the Art Forms of Music and Drama"; "The Diatribes of Wyndham Lewis: A Study in Prose Satire"; "An Enquiry into the Art Forms of Prose Fiction"; "The Importance of Calvin for Philosophy"; "T. S. Eliot and Other Observations"; and "A Reconsideration of Chaucer."

Fuller, John. W. H. Auden: A Commentary. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Fuller provides readers with an introduction to the life and work of W. H. Auden. In addition to addressing the publication history and reception of Auden's work, Fuller explores interesting variants, identifies sources, looks at verse forms, and investigates literary allusions in Auden's poetry. Fuller's volume functions as a useful companion to the Princeton University Press edition of Auden's collected works.

Gaskell, Philip. Landmarks in English Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998.

Gaskell offers an introduction to the study and appreciation of English literature. Drawing from a range of writers from Chaucer to T. S. Eliot, Gaskell proposes a canon of generally acknowledged important authors and suggests various ways for approaching them. Gaskell provides careful explanations of the nature, history, and techniques of fiction, poetry, and drama.

Gibson, Rex. Teaching Shakespeare: A Handbook for Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Gibson explores the significant cultural, historical, and literary reasons for teaching Shakespeare. In addition to discussing the manner in which Shakespeare's work celebrates pluralism and underscores such notions as negative capability and various aspects of critical theory, Gibson highlights feminist, psychoanalytic, and political approaches to Shakespeare's narratives. Gibson devotes attention to Shakespeare's language, plot, character, themes, and dramatic methodologies.

Glendinning, Victoria. Jonathan Swift. London: Hutchinson, 1998.

Glendinning addresses Swift's life as a poet, polemicist, pamphleteer, and literary wit. In addition to commenting upon the writer's responses to corruption and hypocrisy, Glendinning discusses Swift's intense and enigmatic private life. Glendinning illuminates Swift's role as one of Queen Anne's chief ministers and his place as Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin.

Gordon, Lyndall. A Private Life of Henry James: Two Women and His Art. New York: Norton, 1998.

Gordon examines the roles of Minny Temple and Constance Fenimore Woolson in the direction of Henry James's life and art. In addition to addressing each woman's extraordinary impact upon the writer's life, Gordon provides illuminating portraits of each woman and her relationship with James. Gordon interprets James's relationships with Temple and Woolson through analyses of many of the writer's most significant works of fiction.

Gordon, Lyndall. T. S. Eliot: An Imperfect Life. New York: Norton, 1999.

Gordon draws upon newly discovered letters in her analysis of T. S. Eliot's life and work. In addition to reflecting upon the issue of Eliot's anti-Semitism, Gordon examines the nature of the poet's misogyny, as well as his ineffectual marriage to his first wife, Vivienne. Gordon includes a series of useful appendices about Eliot's readings in mysticism, the extant fragments of The Waste Land, and the history of The Family Reunion, among other issues.

Grabher, Gudrun, Roland Hagenbuchle, and Cristanne Miller, eds. The Emily Dickinson Handbook. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1998.

Selections include: Richard Sewall's "The Continuing Presence of Emily Dickinson"; Martha Ackmann's "Biographical Studies of Dickinson"; Jane Donahue Eberwein's "Dickinson's Local, Global, and Cosmic Perspectives"; Gary Lee Stonum's "Dickinson's Literary Background"; Judith Farr's "Dickinson and the Visual Arts"; Paul Crumbley's "Dickinson's Dialogic Voice"; Martha Nell Smith's "Dickinson's Manuscripts"; Sharon Cameron's "Dickinson's Fascicles"; Agnieszka Salska's "Dickinson's Letters"; David Porter's "Searching for Dickinson's Themes"; Robert Weisbuch's "Prisming Dickinson, or Gathering Paradise by Letting Go"; Grabher's "Dickinson's Lyrical Self'; Miller's "Dickinson's Experiments in Language"; Margaret H. Freeman's "A Cognitive Approach to Dickinson's Metaphors"; Josef Raab's "The Metapoetic Element in Dickinson"; Marietta Messmer's "Dickinson's Critical Reception"; Vivian R. Pollak's "American Women Poets Reading Dickinson: The Example of Helen Hunt Jackson"; Margaret Dickie's "Feminist Conceptions of Dickinson"; Hagenbijchle's "Dickinson and Literary Theory"; Jonnie Guerra's "Dickinson Adaptations in the Arts and the Theater"; Kerstin Behnke's "Dickinson's Poetry in Translation: The Example of Paul Celan"; and Suzanne Juhasz's "Materiality and the Poet."

Grundy, Isobel. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Comet of the Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.

Grundy traces the evolution of the life and work of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. In addition to examining her family situation and various social relationships, Grundy discusses Montagu's writing life in relation to both tradition and innovation, as well as to enlightenment circles and political agendas. Grundy situates Montagu's work within the context of the author's wide reading in both men's and women's texts, as well as her own theorizing about the social world in which she lived.

Harding, Brian, ed. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Critical Assessments. London: Routledge, 1998.

Harding's study of the critical assessments of Nathaniel Hawthorne addresses the contemporary context in which his fictions were received. In addition to providing readers with a critical lens through which to examine the writer's literary canon, Harding features examples of more than 200 reviews of Hawthorne's fictions.

Hart-Davis, Rupert. Halfway to Heaven: Concluding Memoirs of a Literary Life. London: Sutton, 1998.

Hart-Davis provides readers with memoirs of his five decades' experience in literary and theatrical life. In addition to reflecting upon his relationships with such figures as Peggy Ashcroft, Alistair Cooke, T. S. Eliot, and David Garnett, among others, Hart-Davis discusses his early life in Oxfordshire and Yorkshire. Drawing upon his own letters and diaries, Hart-Davis explores the evolution of the literary and theatrical establishment during the latter half of the twentieth century.

Hartshorn, Peter. James Joyce and Trieste. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Hartshorn traces the nature of Joyce's experiences in Trieste, the backdrop of his composition of the final chapters of his epic novel Ulysses. In addition to his extensive use of unpublished biographical materials, Hartshorn provides an account of Joyce's arrival in Trieste, as well as his love/hate relationship with the locale. Hartshorn devotes particular attention to Trieste's influence upon the direction of Joyce's writing practices.

Honan, Park. Shakespeare: A Life. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Honan provides readers with an illuminating new reading of Shakespeare's life and work. In addition to addressing the poet's relationships with such women as Anne Hathaway, Jennet Davenant, and Marie Mountjoy, among others, Honan explores Shakespeare's needs, habits, passions, and concerns. Honan investigates the various elements inherent in Shakespeare's success, the nature of his Stratford childhood, and his preparations for a dramatic career in London.

Johnston, Kenneth R. The Hidden Wordsworth: Poet, Lover, Rebel, Spy. New York: Norton, 1998.

Johnston offers a fascinating new portrait of Wordsworth through analyses of government archives, family papers, school and university records, and intimate letters. Johnston argues that Wordsworth was more sexually experienced than previously acknowledged. In addition to providing readers with the true story of the poet's affair with Annette Vallon in 1791-1792, Johnston details Wordsworth's triumphant return to France in 1793.

Joshi, S. T., and David E. Schultz, eds. Ambrose Bierce, A Sole Survivor: Bits of Autobiography. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1999.

Selections include: "A Bivouac of the Dead"; "Battlefields and Ghosts"; "On a Mountain"; "What I Saw of Shiloh"; "Stones River and Missionary Ridge"; "A Little of Chickamauga"; "The Crime at Pickett's Mill"; "A Letter from the Front Lines"; "Four Days in Dixie"; "What Occurred at Franklin"; "The Battle of Nashville"; "Further Memories of the Civil War"; "The Hesitating Veteran"; "'Way Down in Alabama'"; "Across the Plains"; "The Mirage"; "An Unexpected Encounter"; "A Wry Self-Portrait"; "Justifications for Satire"; "The Town Crier's Increasing Fame"; "The Follies of Religion"; "Cheerful Morbidity"; "Women's Rights"; "A Cry from the Heart?"; "Some Famous Contemporaries"; "A Lawsuit"; "A Parting Shot"; "First Impressions of England"; "Working for an Empress"; "The English Literati"; "That Ghost of Mine"; "Some Self-Descriptions"; "The Dance of Death"; "The Scourge of Poetasters"; "A Confrontation in the Argonaut Office"; "On Coolies"; "On Popular Government"; "On California and the Press"; "Showdown with Shaler "; "The Derelictions of Capt. West"; "Bierce Gets Mad--'All Over'"; "The Backstabbing of Walker"; "A Final Defense"; "The Exploits of Boone May"; "On His Enemies"; "The Failings of the Press"; "In Defense of the Mormons"; "On American Politics and Character"; "The Assassination of Garfield and Its Aftermath"; "The Death of General Grant"; "Americans Abroad"; "Soldiers and Civilians"; "The Odious Mr. Wilde"; "Dog!"; "Belated Memories of the Wasp"; "A Thumb-Nail Sketch"; "Some Philosophical First Principles"; "The Art of Newspaper Controversy"; "On Politics"; "God and the Constitution"; "The Morality of Suicide"; "Women in the Press, Politics, and Business"; "The Evils and Errors of Literary Biography"; "The Principles of Literary Art"; "To Train a Writer"; "Wit and Humor"; "Defending Tales of Soldiers and Civilians"; "Defending 'The Damned Thing'"; "Bierce versus Huntington"; "The United States and Imperialism"; "Bierce Is Hit Hard"; "Troubles at Cosmopolitan"; "The San Francisco Earthquake"; "Writing Off Old Friends"; "The Collected Works"; "Bierce and Ezra Pound"; "Travels"; "Preparing for the End?"; and "A Sole Survivor: An Epilogue."

Kershner, R. B. The Twentieth-Century Novel: An Introduction. Boston: Bedford, 1997.

Kershner provides readers with an introduction to various theoretical approaches to the twentieth-century novel. In addition to examining early novelists and the emergence of literary criticism, Kershner discusses poststructuralist literary criticism's approach to the study of the novel. Kershner devotes particular attention to the rise of modernism, as well as to the emergence of postmodernist literary theory and gender criticism, among other issues.

Krauth, Leland. Proper Mark Twain. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1999.

Krauth challenges existing conceptions of Mark Twain's persona. In addition to arguing that Twain honored conventions, espoused commonplace notions, and upheld the morality of his era, Krauth demonstrates the ways in which the author often affirmed the dominant values of Victorian America. Krauth devotes particular attention to Twain's early western writings, his personal courtship letters, and his final autobiographical dictations.

Lawler, Justus George. Hopkins Re-Constructed: Life, Poetry, and the Tradition. New York: Continuum, 1998.

Lawler examines early book-length studies of Gerard Manley Hopkins and assesses what he believes to be their capricious and excessive speculations about the poet's method and meaning. In addition to offering new readings of many of Hopkins's most celebrated poems, Lawler draws upon historical and structuralist criticism in his study of Hopkins's verse. Lawler demonstrates the ways in which Western religion and the liturgical tradition shaped the direction of Hopkins's imagination.

Lehman, David. The Last Avant-Garde: The Making of the New York School of Poets. New York: Doubleday, 1999.

Lehman explores the lives and works of the artists and writers who make up the New York School of poets. Lehman devotes particular attention to the accomplishments of John Ashbery, Frank O'Hara, Kenneth Koch, and James Schuyler. Lehman demonstrates the ways in which each writer influenced the direction of the poetry of his generation.

Machann, Clinton. Matthew Arnold: A Literary Life. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Machann traces Matthew Arnold's literary development in order to understand the peculiar nature of his artistic accomplishments. In addition to addressing how Arnold's poetry and prose grew out of his social, personal, and professional life, Machann examines the poet's friendship with Arthur Hugh Clough, as well as his relationship with the mysterious "Marguerite" of his "Switzerland" poems. Machann assesses Arnold's retraction of the poem Empedocles on Ema in 1853 and his failure to compose introspective verse.

MacNiven, Ian. Lawrence Durrell: A Biography. London: Faber and Faber, 1998.

MacNiven traces the evolution of the life and work of Lawrence Durrell. In addition to examining the writer's close relationships with such literary figures as Anais Nin, Henry Miller, and T. S. Eliot, MacNiven attributes Durrell's extraordinary fictions to the intensity of his experiences and ideas. MacNiven devotes particular attention to the manner in which Durrell appropriated his private world in the pages of his fictions.

Mariani, Paul. The Broken Tower: The Life of Hart Crane. New York: Norton, 1999.

Mariani discusses the brief life and extraordinary verse of Hart Crane in this psychological biography. In addition to examining the poet's remarkable epic work The Bridge, Mariani investigates the nature of Crane's tragic suicide at the age of 32. Mariani assesses Crane's central role in the avant-garde New York literary world of William Carlos Williams, e. e. cummings, and Marianne Moore, among others.

Meissner, Collin. Henry James and the Language of Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Meissner discusses the political dimension to the representation of experience as it appears throughout Henry James's fictions. For Meissner, experience functions as a private and public event in James's work. Drawing upon recent insights from contemporary literary theory, Meissner identifies the civic value of art as an interactive process in James's novels.

Mendelson, Edward. Later Auden. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 1999.

Mendelson offers a history of Auden's poems, as well as of the private and public events that shared in their construction. In addition to devoting particular attention to the poet's life in America from 1939 until his death in 1973, Mendelson links the many changes in Auden's intellectual, emotional, religious, and erotic life with his shifting public role as the representative of various political causes. Mendelson demonstrates the poet's protracted struggle with his own notion of self and the temptations inherent in his growing fame.

Mixon, Wayne. The People's Writer: Erskine Caidwell and the South. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1995.

Mixon addresses the life and work of Erskine Caldwell, the prolific author of more than 25 novels and nearly 150 short stories. In addition to the controversial nature of much of the writer's canon, Mixon examines the current revival regarding Caldwell's reputation as a major Southern writer. Mixon focuses on the manner in which Caldwell blended art and argument in an effort to issue strong indictments against racism, sexism, and exclusionary politics.

Moore, Margaret B. The Salem World of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1998.

Moore addresses the life and work of Nathaniel Hawthorne in terms of his experiences in Salem, Massachusetts. In addition to exploring Salem's past and Hawthorne's ancestors, Moore examines the town's two most significant historical events: the arrival of the Quakers in the 1660s and the witchcraft trials of 1692. Moore devotes particular attention to Salem's religious and political influence upon Hawthorne.

Motion, Andrew. Keats: A Biography. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997.

Motion examines Keats's prodigious influence upon not only the poets of his generation, but the larger cultural and literary history of verse as well. In addition to exploring the circumstances of the poet's early death from tuberculosis, Motion remarks upon the tragic dimensions that marked Keats's life and work. Motion attempts to read the poet's life within the social and political contexts of the romantic era.

Mullett, Michael A. John Bunyan in Context. Pittsburgh: Duquesne UP, 1997.

Mullett recontextualizes the life and work of John Bunyan in terms of the religious and political issues of his day. In addition to arguing that Bunyan was less revolutionary and more opportunistic than other biographers suggest, Mullett offers close readings of much of Bunyan's literary output. Mullett devotes particular attention to the interconnections between English popular culture and Calvinist doctrine in Bunyan's works.

Nicol, Bran. Iris Murdoch: The Retrospective Fiction. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Nicol provides readers with a new study of the life and work of novelist and philosopher Iris Murdoch. Nicol contends that Murdoch's compulsive plots and characters find their motivations in the insistent power of the past and its impact upon the present. In addition to offering close readings of her novels, Nicol addresses the impact of Murdoch's fictions upon much of late twentieth-century philosophical and critical thinking.

Nisbet, H. B., and Claude Rawson, eds. The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: Volume IV, The Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Nisbet and Rawson's volume offers a comprehensive historical account of Western literary criticism from its classical origins through the present. In addition to addressing the nature of both literary theory and critical practice, Nisbet and Rawson's survey discusses controversial eighteenth-century debates regarding the act of literary criticism. Nisbet and Rawson devote particular attention to developments in philosophy, psychology, the natural sciences, and linguistics, among other disciplines.

Nokes, David. Jane Austen: A Life. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997.

Nokes challenges existing biographies of Jane Austen, which often portray the novelist as a picture of human perfection and sensibility. In addition to providing a more human account of the writer, Nokes explores a vision of Austen in contrast with existing images of her as a paragon of discreet and modest virtues. Nokes offers close readings of Austen's textual corpus, from Emma and Mansfield Park to Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility.

Pagliaro, Harold. Henry Fielding: A Literary Life. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Pagliaro provides readers with a portrait of the intellectual and cultural context in which Henry Fielding lived and worked. In addition to tracing the writer's family history, education, and early writing experiences, Pagliaro examines the world of the London theater and literary scene in the early eighteenth century. Pagliaro devotes particular attention to Fielding's experiences as a magistrate and as an influential essayist recommending ways to reduce crime.

Parini, Jay. Robert Frost: A Life. New York: Henry Holt, 1999.

Parini offers a substantial reassessment of the life and work of Robert Frost. Drawing upon archives in Dartmouth and Amherst, among other institutions, Parini traces the various stages of the poet's life, from his early years in San Francisco through his later life in New England. Parini devotes particular attention to understanding the nature of Frost's status as a cultural and literary icon.

Pilling, John. Beckett before Godot. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Pilling discusses Beckett's formative years from the publication of his first work in 1929 through the era preceding the publication of Waiting for Godot. In addition to exploring the writer's unpublished manuscripts and correspondence, Pilling surveys Beckett's early psychological and aesthetic development. Pilling contends that Beckett's artistic growth was always paradoxically linked to the likelihood of failure.

Pope, Rob. The English Studies Book. London: Routledge, 1998.

Pope's volume offers an introduction to the theory and practice of contemporary English studies. In addition to functioning as a study guide, critical dictionary, and textual anthology, Pope attempts to prepare students for the literary, linguistic, and cultural activities inherent in English studies. Pope devotes attention to the theoretical positions and practical applications regarding the nature of contemporary literary studies.

Powers, Ron. Dangerous Water: A Biography of the Boy Who Became Mark Twain. New York: Basic, 1999.

Powers provides readers with a new understanding of Mark Twain's childhood and its impact upon his later fictions. Powers discusses such issues as Twain's loss of his siblings, his witnessing of murderous violence, and his father's bankruptcy and early death. Powers reveals the manner in which such experiences--as well as the landscape, culture, and people of Hannibal, Missouri--shaped the direction of his later fictive world.

Pritchard, Wiliam. Talking Back to Emily Dickinson, and Other Essays. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1998.

Selections include: "Writing Well Is the Best Revenge"; "That Shakespeherian Rag"; "Burke's Great Melody"; "Responding to Blake"; "Wordsworth's 'Resolution and Independence"'; "Byron in His Letters"; "My Bronte Problem, and Yours?"; "Reading Hawthorne"; "Nineteenth-Century American Poetry"; "Talking Back to Emily Dickinson"; "Matthew Arnold's Permanence"; "What to

Do with Carlyle?"; "Henry James on Tour"; "Yeats's First Fifty Years"; "T. S. Eliot: A Revaluation"; "Fabulous Monster: Ford Madox Ford as Literary Critic"; "R. P. Blackmur's Last Song"; "Anthony Powell's Serious Comedy"; "Appreciating Kingsley Amis"; "Naipaul's Written World"; "Looking Back at Lessing"; "Mailer in Retrospect"; "Terry Southern: R.I.P."; "Robert Penn Warren's Late Poems"; "Donald Hall's Poetry"; "Donald Davie as Critic of Modern Poets"; and "The Last Man of Letters: Julian Symons."

Richard, Claude. American Letters. Trans. Carol Mastrangelo Bove. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1998.

Selections include: "Edgar Allan Poe: Dupin and the Litera Prima"; "Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Attic of the Letter"; "Herman Melville: The White Letter of the Whale"; "Henry David Thoreau: The Hydrodynamics of the Letter"; "Thomas Pynchon: Oedipa Regina"; and "Edgar Allan Poe: The Heart of the Letter."

Ricketts, Harry. The Unforgiving Minute: A Life of Rudyard Kipling. London: Chatto and Windus, 1999.

Ricketts examines the complex relationship between Kipling's adventurous personal life, his work, and his fame. Drawing upon the writer's diaries and correspondence, Ricketts discusses Kipling's outsider status and its impact upon the construction of his fictions. Ricketts devotes particular attention to the manner in which Kipling fashioned a dream India as the setting of such works as the Jungle Books and Kim, among others.

Roberson, Susan L. Emerson in His Sermons: A Man-Made Self. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1995.

Roberson discusses Emerson's experiences as a Unitarian preacher. In addition to examining Emerson's s ministerial career from 1826 and 1832, Roberson explores the crucial early years in Emerson's personal and intellectual development. Roberson reads Emerson's sermons as autobiographical texts, especially his eventual rejection of religious institutions and similar systems of thought.

Savidge, Ivan. Hugo Manning: Poet and Humanist. London: Open Gate, 1997.

Savidge highlights Hugo Manning's status as one of England's great literary and intellectual characters during his time at Reuters and as Poetry Editor of the old New Statesman. In addition to examining Manning's relationships with such figures as Henry Miller, Jorge Luis Borges, and Muriel Spark, among others, Savidge traces the poet's artistic and philosophical development.

Savory, Elaine. Jean Rhys. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Savory surveys Jean Rhys's central role in debates regarding feminist, modernist, Caribbean, British, and postcolonial writing. In addition to providing close readings of her novels, Savory discusses Rhys's approaches to such issues as race, gender, class, and nationality. Savory employs unpublished manuscripts in this new reading of Rhys's life and work.

Schiff, Stacy. Vera (Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov): Portrait of a Marriage. New York: Random House, 1999.

Schiff discusses the remarkable literary partnership between novelist Vladimir Nabokov and his wife Vera. In addition to exploring various nuances of the couple's 52-year marriage, Schiff traces Vera's affluent St. Petersburg childhood, her dramatic escape from Bolshevik Russia, and her fateful Berlin meeting with her future husband. Schiff devotes particular attention to Vera's significant role in the progress and remarkable success of her husband's literary career.

Selden, Raman, ed. The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: Volume 8, From Formalism to Poststructuralism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995.

Selden's volume traces the emergence of European arenas of literary theory and their impact upon the Anglo-American world of academics. Selden devotes attention to structuralism, poststructuralism, Russian Formalism, semiotics, narratology, hermeneutics, phenomenology, reception theory, and speech act theory. Selden examines the theoretical insights of such figures as Barthes, Todorov, Derrida, Iser, and Rorty, among a wide range of other thinkers.

Shaw, Daniel L. The Post-Boom in Spanish American Fiction. Albany: State U of New York P, 1998.

Shaw examines the characteristics inherent in the post-boom era in Spanish American fiction. In addition to exploring the differences and interconnections between postmodernist and post-boom fictions, Shaw discusses the manner in which post-boom writers include attention to working class and lower middle-class characters in their fictions. Shaw investigates the ways in which post-boom authors of Spanish-American fiction incorporate contemporary aspects of Spanish American life in their narratives.

Shillingsburg, Peter L. Resisting Texts: Authority and Submission in Constructions of Meaning. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.

Shillingsburg discusses the principles that govern our approaches to the act of reading. In addition to exploring the manner in which we derive meaning from texts, Shillingsburg examines the nature of communication, understanding and misunderstanding, and the notion of textual satisfaction. Drawing upon texts by Thackeray, Wordsworth, and Melville, among others, Shillingsburg approaches crucial questions about the practice of textual editing and literary criticism.

Souhami, Diana. The Trials of Radclyffe Hall. New York: Doubleday, 1999.

Souhami discusses the life and work of Radclyffe Hall, particularly in terms of the trial associated with the publication of The Well of Loneliness. Souhami examines Hall's difficult relationships with the Bloomsbury Group, especially Virginia Woolf and Vita Sackville-West. Souhami investigates Hall's experiences as a lesbian, political reactionary, Catholic convert, and member of the Society for Physical Research.

Steiner, George. Errata: An Examined Life. New Haven: Yale UP, 1997.

Steiner draws upon his personal experiences in this autobiographical study of the people, places, and events that have inspired his central ideas regarding literature and literary criticism. Steiner reveals his thoughts about the meaning of the Western tradition and its philosophic and religious premises. In addition to recalling his education and early scholarly experiences, Steiner discusses his views on such subjects as science, reason, atheism, and religion at the end of the twentieth century.

Sturrock, John. The Word from Paris: Essays on Modern French Thinkers and Writers. London: Verso, 1999.

Selections include: "Intellectuals since 1945"; "Jean-Paul Sartre"; "Albert Camus"; "Roland Barthes"; "Louis Althusser"; "Jacques Lacan"; "Michel Foucault"; "Jacques Derrida"; "Paul de Man"; "Marcel Proust"; "Henri Barbusse"; "Louis-Ferdinand Celine"; "A l'Aine Robe Grillee"; "Nathalie Sarraute"; "Raymond Roussel"; "Boris Vian"; "Raymond Queneau"; and "Georges Perec."

Tintner, Adeline R. Henry James's Legacy: The Afterlife of His Figure and Fiction. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1998.

Tintner addresses the influences upon James's work, as well as the novelist and critic's own sizable influence upon twentieth-century letters. In addition to discussing fictional appropriations of James's persona, Tintner examines James's depiction in fictions by such writers as Mrs. Humphrey Ward, Violet Paget, Edith Wharton, Max Beerbohm, H. G. Wells, and Hugh Walpole, among others. Tintner devotes particular attention to James's familial ties and homoerotic life.

Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen: A Life. New York: Knopf, 1997.

Tomalin recontextualizes the life and work of Jane Austen, especially in terms of her interest in challenging social convention. In addition to discussing the writer's experiences with depression and frivolity, Tomalin examines Austen's often uneasy interactions with a world of civility and reassuring stability. Tomalin traces the Austen family's ambitions, matrimonial alliances, and exotic connections with India and France.

Toth, Emily. Unveiling Kate Chopin. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1999.

Toth traces the life and work of Kate Chopin. In addition to exploring the writer's approach to feminist issues and her profession, Toth provides close readings of Chopin's short fictions, especially her landmark volume The Awakening. Toth discusses Chopin's critical reception, especially in the aftermath of her controversial publications.

Upton, Lee. The Muse of Abandonment: Origin, Identity, Mastery in Five American Poets. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Upton investigates personal and cultural forms of abandonment in the poetry of Charles Wright, Russell Edson, Jean Valentine, James Tate, and Louise Gluck. Upton devotes particular attention to the manner in which each poet registered the tremors of the postmodern exhaustion of universals and a conflicted desire for authenticating presences. Upton examines the ways in which each poet impinges upon such postmodernist concerns as origin, identity, and mastery.

Vendler, Helen. Seamus Heaney. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1998.

Vendler explores the artistic elements inherent in Seamus Heaney's verse. In addition to tracing the poet's creative development during the previous three decades, Vendler discusses Heaney's poetic inventiveness and ongoing experimentation in form and expression. Vendler also examines the public and private spheres of Heaney's verse.

Voss, Frederick. Picturing Hemingway: A Writer in His Time. New Haven: Yale UP, 1999.

Published with an introductory essay by Michael Reynolds, Voss's volume provide readers with a pictoral history of the life and work of Ernest Hemingway. Voss offers more than 70 portraits of the writer, including drawings, paintings, and photographs of nearly every stage of his life and career. Voss's study reveals a complex vision of the writer and the self-possession that marked his creative accomplishments.

Wagner-Martin, Linda. Sylvia Plath: A Literary Life. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Wagner-Martin demonstrates the ways in which Sylvia Plath made herself into a professional writer. In addition to reading Plath's poetry in terms of such issues as style and effect, Wagner-Martin provides attention to Plath's reading and her apprenticeship writing in both fiction and poetry. Wagner-Martin also assesses Plath's place in twentieth-century poetry.

Walder, Dennis. Post-Colonial Literatures in English: History, Language, Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

Walder provides readers with an introduction to postcolonial literatures in English. Drawing upon the works of such figures as Ariel Dorfman, V. S. Naipaul, and Michael Ondaatje, among others, Walder offers a guide to the historical, linguistic, and theoretical issues inherent in postcolonial theory. Walder devotes particular attention to exponents of postcolonial theory, as well as to writers working in the wake of the postcolonial era.

Widdowson, Peter. Literature. London: Routledge, 1999.

Widdowson offers a comprehensive history of the canonic concept of literature from its earliest origins through the present. In addition to illustrating the kinds of theoretical issues invoked by the notion of the "literary," Widdowson speculates about the value of literary study within a millennial culture. Widdowson addresses the contemporary nature, place, and function of literary study.

Winchester, Simon. The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary. New York: HarperCollins, 1998.

Winchester traces the history of the seven-decade composition of the Oxford English Dictionary. In addition to addressing the numerous figures who participated in the construction of its more than 414,825 entries, Winchester examines the roles of James Murray and William Chester Minor in the assembling of the dictionary. Winchester devotes particular attention to the dictionary's substantial impact upon modern cultural and intellectual history.

(2) Semiotics, Narratology, Rhetoric, and Language Systems

Amis, Kingsley. The King's English: A Guide to Modern Usage. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Amis explores common uses and abuses of modern standard English. In addition to addressing widespread misunderstandings regarding semantics, Amis examines the present state of contemporary English usage. Amis also investigates the implications of speech and behavior.

Anderson, Earl R. A Grammar of Iconism. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Anderson offers a systematic discussion of onomatopoeia, synaesthesia, and other forms of iconism. Anderson demonstrates the manner in which post-Saussurian linguistics has as its central tenet the arbitrariness of linguistic signs. Anderson provides readers with a positive typology that reveals the extensiveness and complexity of iconism in language.

Bernard-Donals, Michael F. The Practice of Theory: Rhetoric, Knowledge, and Pedagogy in the Academy. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Bernard-Donals examines the value of Aristotle's notion of rhetoric and science to contemporary critical practice. In addition to offering a rhetorical reading of the human sciences regarding antifoundationalism, Bernard-Donals explores the theoretical insights of Richard Rorty and issues of social change. Bernard-Donals analyzes the theories of Louse Phelps and discusses the relationship between pedagogy and practical wisdom.

Broaddus, Dorothy C. Genteel Rhetoric: Writing High Culture in Nineteenth-Century Boston. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999.

Broaddus discusses the rhetorical means via which the New England intelligentsia initially set out to establish cultural independence from England. Broaddus demonstrates the ways in which these thinkers envisaged American writers as moral, educated, and with an appreciation for art, literature, and genteel manners. Broaddus devotes particular attention to the roles of such thinkers as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and James Russell Lowell in the shaping of nineteenth-century American rhetoric and aesthetics.

Brock, Bernard L. Kenneth Burke and the Twenty-First Century. Albany: State U of New York P, 1999.

Selections include: Richard H. Thames's "Nature's Physician: The Metabiology of Kenneth Burke"; Star A. Muir's "Toward an Ecology of Language"; David Blakesley's "Kenneth Burke's Pragmatism--Old and New"; Karen A. Foss and Cindy L. White's "'Being' and the Promise of Trinity: A Feminist Addition to Burke's Theory of Dramatism"; Phyllis M. Japp's "'Can This Marriage Be Saved?': Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship"; George Cheney, Kathy Garvin-Doxas, and Kathleen Torrens's "Kenneth Burke's Implicit Theory of Power"; Greig Henderson's "Dramatism and Deconstruction: Burke, de Man, and the Rhetorical Motive"; James W. Chesebro's "Multiculturalism and the Burkean

System: Limitations and Extensions"; Dina Stevenson's "Lacan, Burke, and Human Motive"; James F. Klumpp's "Burkean Social Hierarchy and the Ironic Investment of Martin Luther King"; and Dennis J. Ciesielski's "'Secular Pragmatism': Kenneth Burke and the [Re]socialization of Literature and Theory."

Brown, Catherine. Contrary Things: Exegesis, Dialectic, and the Poetics of Didacticism. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999.

Brown explores patristic and monastic exegeses, the Paris schools of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and late medieval Spanish and Latinate texts. Brown discusses Christian exegesis, in which Biblical contradiction functions as the textual incarnation of truth. Additionally, Brown examines the pedagogical implications of the great works of the Middle Ages.

Cannon, Christopher. The Making of Chaucer's English: A Study of Words. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Cannon describes the manner in which Chaucer's words became evidence for calling Chaucer the "father of English poetry." Cannon argues that Chaucer's language is, in fact, traditional and reveals the ways in which his linguistic innovation was a function of its performance. Cannon offers an expansive history of Chaucer's words and maps their origins and patterns.

Crowley, Sharon. Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 1998.

Selections include: "Composition in the University"; "The Toad in the Garden"; "The Bourgeois Subject and the Demise of Rhetorical Education"; "The Invention of Freshman English"; "Literature and Composition: Not Separate but Certainly Unequal"; "Terms of Employment: Rhetoric Slaves and Lesser Men"; "You Can't Write Writing: Norman Foerster and the Battle over Basic Skills at Iowa"; "Freshman English and War"; "Around 1971: The Emergence of Process Pedagogy"; "The Politics of Composition"; "A Personal Essay on Freshman English"; and "Composition's Ethic of Service, the Universal Requirement, and the Discourse of Student Need."

Dillon, Janette. Language and Stage in Medieval and Renaissance England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Dillon discusses the language and staging inherent in medieval and Renaissance English drama. Dillon devotes particular attention to the relationship between English and other languages, especially the ways in which they combined to create new and important kinds of performance during this era. Dillon explores the interconnections between developments in church and state, as well as the invasion of other languages into works of English drama from 1400 to 1600.

Dowling, William C. The Senses of the Text: Intensional Semantics and Literary Theory. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1999.

Dowling discusses the issue of determinate meaning in literature via the work of J. J. Katz, whose New Intensionalism provides readers with a linguistic framework for literary criticism. In addition to examining the notion of interpretive communities, Dowling explores the metaphysics of meaning in terms of Katz's semantic theory. Dowling focuses in particular upon the potential implications of New Intensionalism within the worlds of literary criticism and theory.

Fielding, Penny. Writing and Orality: Nationality, Culture, and Nineteenth-Century Scottish Fiction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

Fielding examines speech rites in various works of ninteenth-century Scottish fiction. In addition to exploring the relationship between grammar and authority, Fielding discusses the interconnections between orality and romance in selected works of Scottish fiction. Fielding also assesses the role of orality and the nature of the unconscious in works by Robert Louis Stevenson, among others.

Knowlton, Eloise. Joyce, Joyceans, and the Rhetoric of Citation. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1998.

Knowlton provides readers with a rhetorical cartography of Joyce's use of citation. In addition to offering a brief history of citation and quotation, Knowlton explores the author's quotational practices in such works as Dubliners and Ulysses, among others. Knowlton establishes interconnections between the act of citation and modernist historiography.

Kreitman, Norman. The Roots of Metaphor: A Multidisciplinary Study of Aesthetics. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, 1999.

Kreitman addresses reading as an aesthetic phenomenon within a scientific framework. Additionally, Kreitman devotes particular attention to the nature of the metaphor, especially in terms of cognitive psychology. Kreitman discusses such concepts as aesthetic response, personal knowledge, and the interconnections between language, fantasy, and psychoanalysis.

Lucaites, John Louis, Celeste Michelle Condit, and Sally Caudill, eds. Contemporary Rhetorical Theory: A Reader. New York: Guilford, 1999.

Selections include: Lucaites and Condit's Introduction; John Poulakos's "Toward a Sophistic Definition of Rhetoric"; Robert Hariman's "Status, Marginality, and Rhetorical Theory"; Michael Leff's "The Habitation of Rhetoric"; Michael Calvin McGee's "Text, Context, and the Fragmentation of Contemporary Culture"; Thomas Farrell's "Practicing the Arts of Rhetoric: Tradition and Invention"; Jane Sutton's "The Taming of Polos/Polis: Rhetoric as an Achievement without Woman"; Robert Scott's "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic"; Farrell's "Knowledge, Consensus, and Rhetorical Theory"; Barry Brummett's "Some Implications of 'Process' or 'Intersubjectivity': Postmodern Rhetoric"; Richard A. Cherwitz and James W. Hikins's "Rhetorical Perspectivism"; Dilip Parameshwar Gaonkar's "Rhetoric and Its Double: Reflections of the Rhetorical Turn in the Human Sciences"; Lloyd F. Bitzer's "The Rhetorical Situation"; Richard E. Vatz's "The Myth of the Rhetorical Situation"; Barbara Biesecker's "Rethinking the Rhetorical Situation fro m within the Thematic of Difference"; G. Thomas Goodnight's "The Personal, Technical, and Public Sphere of Argumentation: A Speculative Inquiry in the Art of Public Deliberation"; Walter Fisher's "Narrative as Human Communication Paradigm"; Thomas S. Frentz's "Rhetorical Conversation, Time, and Moral Action"; Celeste Michelle Condit's "Crafting Virtue: The Rhetorical Construction of Public Morality"; Edwin Black's "The Second Persona"; Michael Calvin McGee's "In Search of 'the People': A Rhetorical Alternative"; Philip Wander's "The Third Persona: An Ideological Turn in Rhetorical Theory"; Herbert W. Simons's "Requirements, Problems, and Strategies: A Theory of Persuasion for Social Movements"; Karlyn Kohrs Campbell's "The Rhetoric of Women's Liberation: An Oxymoron"; Bruce Gronbeck's "The Functions of Presidential Campaigning"; McGee's "The 'Ideograph': A Link between Rhetoric and Ideology"; Raymie E. McKerrow's "Critical Rhetoric: Theory and Praxis"; Maurice Charland's "Rehabilitating Rhetoric: Confronting Blindspots in Discourse and Social Theory"; Brummett's "Burke's Representative Anecdote as a Method in Media Criticism"; Condit's "The Rhetorical Limits of Polysemy"; Janice Hocker Rushing and Frentz's "Reintegrating Ideology and Archetype in Rhetorical Criticism"; James Arnt Aune's "Cultures of Discourse: Marxism and Rhetorical Theory"; Molefi Kete Asante's "An Afrocentric Theory of Communication"; Carole Blair, Julie R. Brown, and Leslie A. Baxter's "Disciplining the Feminine"; Raka Shome's "Postcolonial Interventions in the Rhetorical Canon: An 'Other' View"; and Lucaites and Condit's "Epilogue: Contributions from Rhetorical Theory."

Magnusson, Lynne. Shakespeare and Social Discourse: Dramatic Language and Elizabethan Letters. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Magnusson constructs a rhetoric of social exchange in order to analyze dialogue, conversation, and sonnets from the Elizabethan era. In addition to addressing the verbal negotiation of social and power relations, Magnusson explores such texts as Shakespeare's sonnets and the Sidney family letters, among others. Magnusson discusses such concepts as discourse analysis and linguistic pragmatics.

Mattingly, Carol. Well-Tempered Women: Nineteenth-Century Temperance Rhetoric. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Up, 1998.

Mattingly investigates the rhetoric of the temperence movement and its historical place as the largest political movement of women in the nineteenth century. Mattingly draws upon a variety of sources, from temperance fiction and newspaper accounts co biographical accounts and minutes of national temperance meetings, among others. Mattingly devotes particular attention to the legal, political, and social rhetorical discourses employed by the leaders of the temperance movement.

McArthur, Tom. The English Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

McArthur discusses the diversity inherent in the English language, with particular attention to its potentially increasing complexity in the twenty-first century. McArthur devotes special attention to the English language's pluralism and its evolving nature as a family of languages.

Mey, Jacob L., ed. Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. Oxford: Pergamon, 1998.

Mey provides readers with an introduction to the complex notions and devices developed by linguists to cope with the description of naturally occurring language phenomena. Mey features more than 200 entries regarding the terminology and interpretation of pragmatics, as well as more than 50 biographies of pragmatics' leading expositors. Mey devotes attention to the socially oriented schools of thought that view language primarily as a means of communication between human users.

Olson, Gary A., and Lynn Worsham, eds. Race, Rhetoric, and the Postcolonial. Albany: State U of New York P, 1999.

Selections include: Olson and Worsham's "Staging the Politics of Difference: Homi Bhabha's Critical Literacy"; Andrea A. Lunsford's "Toward a Mestiza Rhetoric: Gloria Anzaludua on Composition and Postcoloniality"; Sidney I. Dobrin's "Race and the Public Intellectual: A Conversation with Michael Eric Dyson"; Lynn Worsham and Gary A. Olson's "Hegemony and the Future of Democracy: Ernesto Laclau's Political Philosophy"; Worsham and Olson's "Rethinking Political Community: Chantal Mouffe's Liberal Socialism"; and Julie Drew's "Cultural Composition: Stuart Hall on Ethnicity and the Discursive Turn."

Pennycock, Alastair. English and the Discourses of Colonialism. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Pennycock examines the interconnections between the English language and colonial discourses. In addition to addressing the effects of colonialism upon various cultural discourses, Pennycock discusses the role of English as the neutral language of international communication. Pennycock reviews a wide range of documents, from travel writing and popular books to student writing and postcolonial texts, among others.

Robinson, Ian. The Establishment of Modern English Prose in the Reformation and the Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Robinson traces the history of prose writing as an art form. In addition to arguing that the sentence is a stylistic as well as grammatical concept, Robinson combines literary criticism with linguistic and textual analysis. Robinson devotes particular attention to analyzing the relationship between rhetorical style and literary meaning.

Shapiro, Michael. The Sense of Form in Literature and Language. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Shapiro examines the ways in which form in language determines the meaning of literary texts. Shapiro offers a cognitive study of language and literature, particularly in terms of the semiotic nature of verbal creativity. Shapiro discusses a variety of texts from Russian, English, Romance, Japanese, and ancient Greek literature.

Sloop, John M., and James P. McDaniel, eds. Judgment Calls: Rhetoric, Politics, and Indeterminacy. Boulder: Westview, 1998.

Selections include: McDaniel and Sloop's "Hope's Finitude: An Introduction"; Michael Calvin McGee's "Phronesis in the Gadamer Versus Habermas Debates"; K. E. Supriya's "Judgment and the Problem of Agency / Accountability: A Postcolonial Critique of Poststructuralist Theory"; Martha Cooper's "Decentering Judgment: Toward a Postmodern Coummunication Ethic"; Susan Schwartz's "Judgment and Jouissance: Eliot, Freud, and Laca Read Hamlet"; James P. McDaniel's "More than Meets the Eye: An Expose on Patriotic Libido and Judgment at the Level of the Image in American War Culture"; Karen L. Dace's "'Had Judas Botard been a Black Man...': Politics, Race, and Gender in African America"; Marouf A. Hasian, Jr. and Thomas K. Nakayama's "The Fictions of Racialized Identities"; Ronald Walter Greene and Darrin Hicks's "Judging Parents"; Maurice Charland's "Property and Propriety: Rhetoric. Justice, and Lyotard's Differed"; and Robert Hariman's "Afterword: Justifying, Positioning, Persuading in the Intermediate World."

Smith, Jeremy. An Historical Study of English: Function, Form, and Change. London: Routledge, 1996.

Smith offers an analysis of selected major developments in the history of English. Smith argues that internal linguistic mechanisms for language must be understood in terms of external linguistic factors. Smith explores the theory and methodology of linguistic historiography, as well as major changes in writing systems, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary.

Somerset, Fiona. Clerical Discourse and Lay Audience in Late Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Somerset examines the controversial activity of the translation of Latin materials into English between 1370 and 1410. Somerset discusses the kinds of academic materials that were imported into English, with particular attention to clerical discourse and the ways in which writers positioned themselves in terms of audience. Somerset explores the concerns with clerical corruption and audience by such authors as Langland, Trevisa, and Wyclif, among others.

Toswell, M. J., and E. M. Tyler, eds. Studies in English Language and Literature: Doubt Wisely--Papers in Honour of E. G. Stanley. London: Routledge, 1996

Selections include: Toswell and Tyler's Introduction; Fran Colman's "Names Will Never Hurt Me"; Andreas Fischer's "The Vocabulary of Very Late Old English"; Christine Franzen's "Late Copies of Anglo-Saxon Charters"; Antonette diPaolo Healey's "Reasonable Doubt, Reasoned Choice: The Letter A in the Dictionary of Old English"; L.C. Mugglestone's "Alexander Ellis and the Virtues of Doubt"; Laura Wright's "About the Evolution of Standard English"; Rolf H. Bremmer, Jr.'s "Grendel's Arm and the Law"; Mark S. Griffith's "Does wyrd bid ful aced Mean 'Fate Is Wholly Inexorable'?"; Antonina Harbus' "Old English swefn and Genesis B Line 720"; James I. McNelis III's "The Sword Mightier than the Pen?: Hrothgar's Hilt, Theory, and Philology"; H. Momma's "Metrical Stress on Alliterating Finite Verbs in Clause-Initial a-Verses: Some Doubts and No Conclusions"; Michoko Ogura's "Old English habban + Past Participle of a Verb of Motion"; Marie-Francoise Alamichel's "Doubt and Time in Lazamon's Brut"; Melissa Furrow's "Unscholarly Latinity and Margery Kempe"; Nicola F. McDonald's "Doubts about Medea, Briseyda, and Helen: Interpreting Classical Allusion in the Fourteenth-Century French Ballade Medee fu en amer veritable"; Karin Olsen's "Woman-Kennings in the Gisla saga Surssonar: A Study"; Corinne J. Saunders' "'Symtyme the fende': Questions of Rape in Sir Gowther"; Kathryn Walls' "Medieval 'Allegorical Imagery' in c. 1630: Will. Baspoole's Revision of The Pilgrimage of the Lyfe of the Mahode"; E. Ruth Harvey's "The Swallow's Nest and the Spider's Web"; Ivan Herbison's "The Idea of the 'Christian Epic': Towards a History of an Old English Poetic Genre"; Joyce Hill's "AElfric's Sources Reconsidered: Some Case Studies from the Catholic Homilies"; Susan Irvine's "Ulysses and Circe in King Alfred's Boethius: A Classical Myth Transformed"; Andy Orchard's "Poetic Inspiration and Prosaic Translation: The Making of Caedmon's Hymn"; Elizabeth Solopova's "The Metre of the Ormulum"; Peter S. Baker's "Textual Boundaries in Anglo-Saxon Works on Time (and in Some Old English Poems)"; Fiona and Richard Gameson's "Wulf and Eadwacer, The Wife's Lament, and the Discovery of the Individual in Old English Verse"; Pauline A. Thompson's "St. AEthel thryth: The Making of History from Hagiography"; M. J. Toswell's "Tacitus, Old English Heroic Poetry, and Ethnographic Preconceptions"; and Elizabeth M. Tyler's "How Deliberate Is Deliberate Verbal Repetition?"

Welch, Kathleen E. Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and a New Literacy. Cambridge: MIT P, 1999.

Welch investigates the changes in writing and discourse brought about by electronic forms of communication. Welch discusses current literacy theories within rhetoric and composition; the redeployment of classical Sophistic rhetoric; and the inherently rhetorical nature of "screens" in relationship to writing and other communication technologies. Welch devotes particular attention to the issues of race, gender, and orality and their relationship to the proliferation of electronic forms of communication.

Windt, Theodore, and Beth Ingold, eds. Essays in Presidential Rhetoric. 3rd ed. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt P, 1993.

Selections include: Windt's "Presidential Rhetoric: Definition of a Discipline of Study"; Windt's "Presidentail Rhetoric: An Update"; James W. Ceaser, Glen E. Thurow, Jeffrey Tulis, and Joseph M. Bessette's "The Rise of the Rhetorical Presidency"; Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson's "Inaugurating the Presidency"; Theodore Windt's "Different Realities: Three Presidential Attacks on the News Media"; P. J. Corbett's "Analysis of the Style of John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address"; Richard Godden and Richard Maidment's "Anger, Language, and Politics: John F. Kennedy and the Steel Crisis"; Windt's "The Presidency and Speeches on International Crises: Repeating the Rhetorical Past"; Steven R. Goldzwig and George N. Dionisopoulos's "John F. Kennedy's Civil Rights Discourse: The Evolution from 'Principal Bystander' to Public Advocate"; David Zarefsky's "The Great Society as a Rhetorical Proposition"; Zarefsky's "Lyndon Johnson Redefines 'Equal Opportunity:' The Beginnings of Affirmative Action"; Richard A. Cherwitz's "Lyndon Johnson and the 'Crisis' of Tonkin Gulf: A President's Justification of War"; Kathleen J. Turner's "The Evolution of the Johns Hopkins Address, April 7, 1965"; Cal M. Logue and John H. Patton's "From Ambiguity to Dogma: The Rhetorical Symbols of Lyndon B. Johnson on Vietnam"; Andrew A. King and Floyd Douglas Anderson's "Nixon, Agnew, and the 'Silent Majority:' A Case Study in the Rhetoric of Polarization"; Robert P. Newman's "Under the Veneer: Nixon's Vietnam Speech of November 3, 1969"; Richard E. Vatz and Theodore Windt's "The Defeats of Judges Haynsworth and Carswell: Rejection of Supreme Court Nominees"; Robert P. Newman's "Pity the Helpless Giant"; Jackson Harrel, B.L. Ware, and Wil A. Linkugel's "Failure of Apology in American Politics: Nixon on Watergate"; Hermann G. Stelzner's "Ford's War on Inflation: A Metaphor That Did Not Cross"; Dan F. Hahn's "Corrupt Rhetoric: President Ford and the Mayaguez Affair"; Dan F. Hahn's "The Rhetoric of Jimmy Carter: 1976 - 1980"; Windt's "'A New Foreign Policy': President Jimmy Carter's Speech at Notre Dame, May 22, 1977"; Craig Allen Smith's "Leadership, Orientation, and Rhetorical Vision: Jimmy Carter, The 'New Right,' and the Panama Canal, Dan F. Han's "Flailing the Profligate: Carter's Energy Sermon of 1979"; Windt and Kathleen Farrell's "Presidential Rhetoric and Presidential Power: The Reagan Initiatives"; Beth A. J. Ingold and Theodore Windt's "Trying to 'Stay the Course:' President Reagan's Rhetoric During the 1982 Election"; G. Thomas Goodnight's "Ronald Reagan's Re-formulation of the Rhetoric of War: Analysis of the 'Zero Option,' 'Evil Empire,' and 'Star Wars' Addresses"' Ingold's "Ideology, Rhetoric, and the Shooting Down of KAL 007"; Denise M. Bostdorff's "The Presidency and Promoted Crisis: Reagan, Grenada, and Issue Management"; and William F. Lewis's "Telling America's Story: Narrative Form and the Reagan Presidency."

Wogan-Browne, Jocelyn, Nicholas Watson, Andrew Taylor, and Ruth Evans, eds. The Idea of the Vernacular: An Anthology of Middle English Literary Theory, 1280-1520. University Park: Penn State UP, 1999.

This wide-ranging introduction to the vernacular and its interconnections with Middle English literary theory offers a valuable addition to our understanding of the conventions and treatment of vernacular texts. The editors subdivide their volume into four principal sections, including "Authorizing Text and Writer"; "Addressing and Positioning the Audience"; "Models and Images of the Reading Process"; and "Five Essays" that explore various insights in contemporary vernacular theory. The volume concludes with three glossaries, including "The Language of Middle English Literary Theory"; "Middle English Terms"; and "Select Latin Terms."

(3) Postmodernism and Deconstruction

Adamson, Jane, Richard Freadman, and David Parker, eds. Renegotiating Ethics in Literature, Philosophy, and Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Parker's "Introduction: The Turn to Ethics in the 1990s"; Simon Haines's "Deepening the Self: The Language of Ethics and the Language of Literature"; Cora Diamond's "Martha Nussbaum and the Need for Novels"; Lisabeth During's "The Concept of Dread: Sympathy and Ethics in Daniel Deronda"; Adamson's "Against Tidiness: Literature and/versus Moral Philosophy"; Charles Altieri' s "What Differences Can Contemporary Poetry Make in Our Moral Thinking?"; Freadman's "Moral Luck in Paris: A Movable Feast and the Ethics of Autobiography"; Paul John Eakin's "The Unseemly Profession: Privacy, Inviolate Personality, and the Ethics of Life Writing"; John Wiltshire's "The Patient Writes Back: Bioethics and the Illness Narrative"; C. A. J. Coady and Seumas Miller's "Literature, Power, and the Recovery of Philosophical Ethics"; Martha C. Nussbaum's "The Literary Imagination in Public Life"; Annette C. Baier's "Ethics in Many Different Voices"; and Raimond Gaita's "Common Understanding and Individual Voices."

Adorno, Theodor W. Beethoven: The Philosophy of Music. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999.

Originally written as early as 1937, Adorno's study of Beethoven offers a fragmented approach to the interpretation of Beethoven's aesthetic. Adorno devotes particular attention to the process of intellectual production that marked Beethoven's compositional practices.

Alsop, Derek, and Chris Walsh. The Practice of Reading: Interpreting the Novel. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Alsop and Walsh explore the act of interpreting the novel in the wake of recent insights in literary theory and criticism. Alsop and Walsh argue that reading functions as both a pleasurable and creative activity, while also focusing on the reading process and its various experiental dimensions. Alsop and Walsh assess works by such figures as Jane Austen, George Eliot, Charles Dickens, and James Joyce, among others, in their study of the act of reading.

Altieri, Charles. Postmodernisms Now: Essays on Contemporaneity in the Arts. University Park: Penn State UP, 1998.

Selections include: "What Is Living and What Is Dead in American Postmodernism: Establishing the Contemporaneity of Some American Poetry"; "John Ashbery and the Challenge of Postmodernism in the Visual Arts"; "Contingency as Compositional Principle in Fifties Poetics"; "What Differences Can Contemporary Poetry Make in Our Moral Thinking"; "Ann Lauterbach's 'Still' and Why Stevens Still Matters"; "Ashbery as Love Poet"; "Some Problems about Agency in the Theories of Radical Poetics"; "Frank Stella and Jacques Derrida: Toward a Postmodern Ethics of Singularity"; "The Powers and the Limits of Oppositional Postmodernism"; "On the Sublime of Self-Disgust: Or How to Save the Sublime from Narcissistic Sublimation"; and an appendix, "The Four Discourses of Postmodernism."

Barnett, Stuart, ed. Hegal after Derrida. London: Routledge, 1998.

Selections include: Robert Bernasconi's "Hegel at the Court of the Ashanti"; John H. Smith's "Of Spirit(s) and Will(s)"; Jean-Luc Nancy's "The Surprise of the Event"; Wener Hamacher's "(The End of the Art with the Mask)"; Stuart Barnett's "Eating My God"; Suzanne Gearhart's "The Remnants of Philosophy: Psychoanalysis after Glas"; Andrzej Warminski's "Hegel/Marx: Consciousness and Life"; Simon Critchley's "A Commentary upon Derrida's Reading of Hegel in Glas"; Heinz Kimmerle's "On Derrida's Hegel Interpretation"; Kevin Thompson's "Hegelian Dialectic and the Quasi-Transcendental in Glas"; and Henry Sussman's "Hegel, Glas, and the Broader Modernity."

Beckley, Bill, and David Shapiro, eds. Uncontrollable Beauty: Toward a New Aesthetic. New York: Allworth, 1998.

Selections include: Beckley's "Introduction: Generosity and the Black Swan"; Shapiro's Preface; John Ashbery's "Le Livre est sur la table"; Meyer Schapiro's "On Perfection, Coherence, and Unity of Form and Content"; Dave Hickey's "Enter the Dragon: On the Vernacular of Beauty"; Arthur C. Danto's "Beauty and Morality"; Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe's "Beauty and the Contemporary Sublime"; Peter Schjeldahl's "Notes on Beauty"; Marjorie Welish's "Contratemplates"; Robert C. Morgan's "A Sign of Beauty"; Jacqueline Lichtenstein's "On Platonic Cosmetics"; Hubert Damisch's "Freud with Kant?: The Engima of Pleasure"; David Freedberg's "Arousal by Image"; Kirk Varnedoe's "On the Claims and Critics of the 'Primitivism' Show"; James Hillman's "The Practice of Beauty"; Frank O'Hara's "Ode to Willem de Kooning"; Donald Kuspit's "Venus Unveiled: De Kooning's Melodrama of Vulgarity"; John Yau's "The Mind and Body of the Dreamer"; David Shapiro's "Mondrian's Secret"; Julia Kristeva and Ariane Lopez-Huici's "A Conversation between Jul ia Kristeva and Ariane Lopez-Huici"; Louise Bourgeois's "Sunday Afternoons: A Conversation and Remark on Beauty"; John Helduk's "Sentences on the House and Other Sentences"; Mzx Fierst's "Aunts"; Kenneth Koch's "On Beauty"; Robert Farris Thompson's "An Aesthetic of the Cool"; Carter Ratcliff's "The Violet Hour: An Essay on Beauty"; and Agnes Martin's "Beauty Is the Mystery of Life."

Botting, Fred, and Scott Wilson, eds. Bataille: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

Selections include: Botting and Wilson's Introduction; Michel Foucault's "A Preface to Transgression"; Maurice Blanchot's "Affirmation and the Passion of Negative Thought"; Dennis Hollier's "The Dualist Materialism of Georges Bataille"; Philippe Sollers's "The Roof: Essay in Systematic Reading"; Jacques Derrida's "From Restricted to General Economy: A Hegelianism without Reserve"; Jean Baudrillard's "Death in Bataille"; Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen's "The Laughter of Being"; Jurgen Habermas's "The French Path to Postmodernity: Bataille between Eroticism and General Economics"; Baudrillard's "When Bataille Attacked the Metaphysical Principle of Economy"; and Jean-Joseph Goux's "General Economics and Postmodern Capitalism."

Brannigan, John. New Historicism and Cultural Materialism. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Brannigan explores the development of historical criticism and cultural materialism through analyses of works by Joseph Conrad, W. B. Yeats, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, among others. Brannigan devotes particular attention to the ways in which the proponents of historical and cultural studies rejected formalist criticism and other earlier critical pursuits. Brannigan speculates about the future of the theories and debates regarding historical and cultural studies as well.

Cerquiglini, Bernard. In Praise of the Variant: A Critical History of Philology. Trans. Betsy Wing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1999.

Cerquiglini investigates the relationship between philosophical studies and their texts, especially concerning texts from the Middle Ages. In addition to examining the scientific reconstruction of texts as a recent historical phenomenon, Cerquiglini seeks ways in which to confront texts on their own terms. Cerquiglini explores the notion of the variant as a careless accident, as well as a sign of individuality.

Cohen, Sande. Passive Nihilism: Cultural Historiography and the Rhetorics of Scholarship. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Cohen examines contemporary models of history, culture, and language in an effort to demonstrate the inadequacy of "normal" modes of criticism. Cohen defines cultural historiography as a discourse that creates order and cultural "timings" out of language. Cohen contends that this phenomenon reveals the inseparability of rhetoric, epistemology, and politics within the discourses of the human science of cultural historiography.

Currie, Mark. Postmodern Narrative Theory. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Currie provides readers with a history of narratology from its formalist origins through deconstruction, historical criticism, and various psychoanalytic theories. Currie devotes attention to two principal themes, the relationship of narrative to identity and the role of time in experience. Currie addresses the interconnections between fiction, criticism, and ideology that underscore narrative theory's role in our understanding of postmodern culture.

Dauenhauer, Bernard P. Paul Ricoeur: The Promise and Risk of Politics. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998.

Dauenhauer traces the origins of Ricoeur's early thought, with particular attention to the conceptual advances for which he is often credited. Dauenhauer explores the notions of action, agency, and identity in Ricoeur's mature philosophical anthropology. In addition to discussing the theorist's ethical aims in his philosophy, Dauenhauer examines Ricoeur's assessment of political responsibility.

Docherty, Thomas. Criticism and Modernity: Aesthetics, Literature, and Nations in Europe and its Academies. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.

Docherty discusses the conditions under which criticism emerges as a sociocultural practice within the institutionalized forms of European modernity and democracy. Docherty argues that the central issue in terms of modernity is the notion of legitimation and the ways in which subjective aesthetic experiences regulate the norms of ethical justice. Docherty traces the history of modernity through the philosophical works of such thinkers as Kant, Hegel, and Schopenhauer, among a host of others.

Domanska, Ewa. Encounters: Philosophy of History after Postmodernism. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1998.

Domanska's volume includes interviews with a variety of seminal postmodernist thinkers, including Hayden White, Hans Kellner, Franklin R. Ankersmit, Georg G. Iggers, Jerzy Topolski, Jorn Rusen, Arthur C. Danto, Lionel Gossman, Peter Bann, and Ewa Domanska. In addition to an Introduction by Allan Megill, the volume concludes with a Postscript by Lynn Hunt.

Gadamer, Hans Georg. Praise of Theory: Speeches and Essays. Trans. Chris Dawson. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.

Selections include: "Culture and the Word"; "Praise of Theory"; "The Power of Reason"; "The Ideal of Practical Philosophy"; "Science and the Public Sphere";

"Science as an Instrument of Enlightenment"; "The Idea of Tolerance, 1782-1982"; "Isolation as a Symptom of Self-Alienation"; "Man and His Hand in Modern Civilization: Philosophical Aspects"; "The Expressive Force of Language: On the Function of Rhetoric in Gaining Knowledge"; and "Good German."

Genette, Gerard. Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Genette identifies paratexts as those liminal devices and conventions--both within and outside of a narrative--that mediate between the book, author, and reader. According to Genette, such items include titles, forewords, and publishers' jacket copy, among other items. Genette argues that paratexts interact with general questions of literature as a cultural institution.

Harasym, Sarah, ed. Levinas and Lacan: The Missed Encounter. Albany: State U of New York P, 1998.

Harasym's Introduction; Tina Chanter's "Reading Hegel as a Mediating Master: Lacan and Levinas"; Hans-Dieter Gondek's "Cogito and Separaticn: Lacan/Levinas"; Donna Brody's "Levinas and Lacan: Facing the Real"; Paul-Laurent Assoun's "The Subject and the Other in Levinas and Lacan"; Philippe Van Haute's "Death and Sublimation in Lacan's Reading of Antigone"; Alain Juranville's "Ethics with Psychoanalysis"; Drucilla Cornell's "Rethinking the Beyond of the Real"; and Rudi Visker's "Dis-possessed: How to Remain Silent 'after' Levinas."

Hartman, Geoffrey H. The Fateful Question of Culture. New York: Columbia UP, 1998.

Hartman addresses the changing conception of culture in the wake of the culture wars. In addition to exploring the ways in which the culture wars have altered our approach to the academy, Hartman questions the ideological nature of culture, as well as its social and aesthetic import. Hartman draws upon the language-centered philosophies of Derrida and Heidegger in an effort to measure recent historical developments in culture.

Jarvis, Brian. Postmodern Cartographies: The Geographical Imagination in Contemporary American Culture. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Jarvis explores the geographical imagination as a critical component in contemporary American culture. In addition to examining such terms as the "new geography" and "mapping the body," Jarvis critiques hegemonic definitions of postmodernism. Jarvis surveys the geography of post-industrial society in the works of Daniel Bell, Marshal McLuhan, and Jean Baudrillard, among others.

Kastan, David Scott. Shakespeare after Theory. London: Routledge, 1999.

Kastan offers an historical reading of Shakespeare's texts, as well as of the writer's significant cultural impact. Kastan explores various interdisciplinary approaches to Shakespeare, with particular attention to contemporary editorial approaches to Shakespeare. Kastan devotes special attention to such as issues as authority, class, and politics in Shakespeare's works.

Keehan, Dennis King. Death and Responsibility: The "Work" of Levinas. Albany: State U of New York P, 1999.

Drawing upon the theoretical insights of such figures as Derrida, Heidegger, and Blanchot, Keehan argues that Levinas's notion of responsibility finds its origins in the philosopher's account of death. Keehan devotes particular attention to assessing the philosophical interconnections betwen Levinas, Derrida, Heidegger, and Blanchot. Keehan features a chapter on reading Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy in regard to Levinas's ethical critique.

Knowles, Ronald, ed. Shakespeare and Carnival: After Bakhtin. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Ronald Knowles's Introduction; Stephen Longstaffe's "'A short report and not otherwise': Jack Cade in 2 Henry VI"; Knowles's "Carnival and Death in Romeo and Juliet"; David Wiles's "The Carnivalesque in A Midsummer Night's Dream"; Francois Laroque's "Shakespeare's 'Battle of Carnival and Lent': The Falstaff Scenes Reconsidered (1 & 2 Henry IV)"; Kristen Poole's "Facing Puritanism: Falstaff, Martin Marprelate, and the Grotesque Puritan"; Jonathan Hall's "The Evacuations of Falstaff (The Merry Wives of Windsor)"; Phyllis Gorfain's "Towards a Theory of Play and the Carnivalesque in Hamlet"; Anthony Gash's "Shakespeare's Carnival and the Sacred: The Winter's Tale and Measure for Measure"; and Gordon McMullan's "'Swimming on bladders': The Dialogics of Reformation in Shakespeare and Fletcher's Henry VIII."

Lawler, Peter Augustine. Postmodernism Rightly Understood: The Return to Realism in American Thought. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999.

Lawler traces the movement from modern to postmodern thought in contemporary American writing. Lawler defines postmodern thought as the human reflection upon the failure of the modern project to eradicate human mystery and misery. Lawler features chapters on moral realism, elitism, and the works of Walker Percy.

Levinas, Emmanuel. Alterity and Transcendence. Trans. Michael B. Smith. New York: Columbia UP, 1999.

Selections include: "Philosophy and Transcendence"; "Totality and Totalization"; "Infinity"; "Beyond Dialogue"; "The Word I, the Word You, the Word God"; "The Proximity of the Other"; "Utopia and Socialism"; "The Prohibition against Representation and 'The Rights of Man"'; "Peace and Proximity"; "The Rights of the Other Man"; "The Philosopher and Death"; and "Violence of the Face."

Levinas, Emmanuel. Discovering Existence with Husseri. Trans. Richard A. Cohen and Michael B. Smith. Evanston: Northwestern UP, 1998.

Selections include: "On Ideas"; "Freiburg, Husseri, and Phenomenology"; "Phenomenology"; "The Work of Edmund Husserl"; "Reflections on Phenomenological 'Technique"'; "The Ruin of Representation"; "Intentionality and Metaphysics"; "The Permanent and the Human in Husseri"; "Intentionality and Sensation"; "From Consciousness to Wakefulness"; and "Philosophy and Awakening."

Levinas, Emmanuel. Of God Who Comes to Mind. Trans. Bettina Bergo. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Selections include: "Ideology and Idealism"; "From Consciousness to Wakefulness: Starting from Husserl"; "On Death in the Thought of Ernst Bloch"; "From the Carefree Deficiency to the New Meaning"; "God and Philosophy"; "Questions and Answers"; "Hermeneutics and Beyond"; "The Thinking of Being and the Question of the Other"; "Transcendence and Evil"; "Dialogue: Self-Consciousness and Proximity of the Neighbor"; "Notes on Meaning"; "The Bad Conscience and the Inexorable"; and "Manner of Speaking."

Lucy, Niall. Postmodern Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

Lucy argues that postmodern literary theory derives from a late eighteenth-century romantic tradition. Drawing upon the theoretical insights of Hobbes, Johnson, Rousseau, Kant, and Nietzsche, among others, Lucy proposes an ethical and pragmatic means for understanding postmodernism. Lucy provides close readings of works by John Barth, Kathy Acker, and Thomas Pynchon, among others.

Lyons, Bridget Gellert, ed. Reading in an Age of Theory. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1997.

Selections include: Ross Posnock's "Reading Poirer Pragmatically"; Edward W. Said's "The Franco-American Dialogue: A Late Twentieth-Century Reassessment"; Leo Bersani's "Love Is for the Birds: Sartre and La Fontaine"; David Bromwich's "King Lear, Edmund Burke, and the French Revolution"; Barry V. Qualls's "Listing to Words: David, St. Mark, Emily Bronte, and the Exorbitancies in Narrative"; Margery Sabin's "The Morning Twilight of Intimacy: 'The Pupil' and What Maisie Knew"; Millicent Bell's "James and 'Ideas': 'Madame de Mauves'"; Thomas R. Edwards's "Persuasion and the Life of Feeling"; John Hollander's "Robert Frost and the Renewal of Birds"; Anne Ferry's "Frost's 'Obvious' Titles"; Frank Kermode's "'What is the matter, trow?': A Rhetoric of Obscurity"; and Robert Garis's "Making It Expressive: Ibsen's Language."

Menke, Christoph. The Sovereignty of Art: Aesthetic Negativity in Adorno and Derrida. Trans. Neil Solomon. Cambridge: MIT P, 1999.

Menke provides close analysis of the philosophies of Derrida and Adorno in an effort to address their approaches to such issues as value, reason, and aesthetic experience. Menke endeavors to explain art's sovereign power over reason without falling into an error common to Adorno's negative dialectics and Derrida's deconstruction. Menke defines the sovereignty of art as a reflection of the superiority or artistic knowledge and as insight into the nature of reason.

Moss, Jeremy, ed. The Later Foucault: Politics and Philosophy. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1998.

Selections include: Moss's "Introduction: The Later Foucault"; David Couzens Hoy's "Foucault and Critical Theory"; Wendy Brown's "Genealogical Politics"; Barry Hindess's "Politics and Liberation"; Paul Patton's "Foucault's Subject of Power"; Barry Smart's "Foucault, Levinas, and the Subject of Responsibility"; Jana Sawicki's "Feminism, Foucault, and 'Subjects' of Power and Freedom"; William Connolly's "Beyond Good and Evil: The Ethical Sensibility of Michel Foucault"; Duncan Ivison's "The Disciplinary Moment: Foucault, Law, and the Reinscription of Rights"; Moss's "Foucault, Rawls, and Public Reason"; and Barry Allen's "Foucault and Modern Political Philosophy."

Nealon, Jeffrey T. Alterity Politics: Ethics and Performative Subjectivity. Durham: Duke UP, 1998.

Drawing upon the insights of Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Judith Butler, Nealon assesses such issues as alterity politics, an ethics without lack, and performative subjectivity. In addition to surveying such concepts as Bakhtin's answerability and Levinas's responsibility, Nealon discusses postmodern views of otherness and exemplarity. Nealon features close readings of works by Ishmael Reed and Amiri Baraka, among others.

Nilson, Herman. Michel Foucault and the Games of Truth. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Nilson addresses the vexing philosophical question of how human beings should deal with the contingency of their short lives. Drawing upon the insights of Friedrich Nietzsche, Nilson attempts to map the ethos inherent in the writings of Michel Foucault. Nilson argues that Nietzsche provided Foucault with the key to understanding the modern era: that after the death of God we can justify our existence only as a work of art.

Olssen, Mark. Michel Foucault: Materialism and Education. Westport: Greenwood, 1999.

Olssen explores the nature of the achievement of Michel Foucault. In addition to discussing Foucault's modified realism, Olssen examines the critic's methods and his various approaches to notions of power and selfhood. Olssen investigates Foucault's work as an historical materialist, as well as his theories about the tasks inherent in education.

Rainsford, Dominic, and Tim Woods, eds. Critical Ethics: Text, Theory, and Responsibility. New York: St. Martin's, 1999

Selections include: Rainsford and Woods's "Introduction: Ethics and Intellectuals"; Michael Bell's "What Price Collaboration? The Case of F. R. Leavis"; Geoffrey Galt Harpham's "Imagining the Centre"; Christopher Norris's "Ethics, Hermeneutics and Philosophy of Science"; Robert Eaglestone's "Flaws: James, Nussbaum, Miller, Levinas"; Simon Critchley's "The Original Traumatism: Levinas and Psychoanalysis"; Woods's "Spectres of History: Ethics and Postmodern Fictions of Temporality"; Larry Lockridge's "The Ethics of Biography and Autobiography"; Colleen Lamos's "The Ethics of Queer Theory"; David Parker's "Ethics, Value and the Politics of Recognition"; Dan Burnstone's "Moral Synonymy: John Stuart Mill and the Ethics of Style"; Lori Branch West's "The Benefit of Doubt: The Ethics of Reading"; Margaret Toye's "Care of the Self or Care of the Other?: Towards a Poststructuralist Ethics of Pedagogy"; Steven Connor's "The Ethics of the Voice"; Leona Toker's "Testimony as Art: Varlam Shalamov's Condensed Milk"; and An ne Cubilie's "Cosmopolitanism as Resistance: Fragmented Identities, Women's Testimonial and the War in Yugoslavia."

Rojek, Chris, and Bryan S. Turner. The Politics of Jean-Franccois Lyotard. London: Routledge, 1998.

Selections include: Rojek and Turner's "Introduction: Judging Lyotard"; Rojek's "Lyotard and the Decline of 'Society"'; Turner's "Forgetfulness and Frailty: Otherness and Rights in Contemporary Social Theory"; Barry Smart's "The Politics of Difference and the Problem of Justice"; Caroline Ramazanoglu's "Saying Goodbye to Emancipation?: Where Lyotard Leaves Feminism, and Where Feminists Leave Lyotard"; loan Davies's "Narrative, Knowledge, and Art: On Lyotard's Jewishness"; Victor J. Seidler's "Identity, Memory, and Difference: Lyotard and 'the Jews"'; John O'Neill's "Lost in the Post: (Post)Modernity Explained to Youth"; and Mike Gane's "Lyotard's Early Writings: 1954-1963."

Roughley, Alan. Reading Derrida Reading Joyce. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1999.

Roughley provides readers with a full-length analysis of the interconnections between the works of James Joyce and the criticism of Jacques Derrida. In addition to assessing Derrida's reading of Husserl and its relevance to Joycean study, Roughley discusses Derrida's various critiques of Joyce in such volumes as Writing and Difference and Glas, among others. Roughley explores such concepts as undecidability and desire in terms of Derrida's philosophy and Joyce's novels.

Rowe, John Carlos. "Culture" and the Problem of the Disciplines. New York: Columbia UP, 1998.

Selections include: Rowe's Introduction; David Lloyd's "Foundations of Diversity: Thinking the University in a Time of Multiculturalism"; J. Hillis Miller's "Literary and Cultural Studies in the Transnational University"; Sacvan Bercovitch's "The Function of the Literary in a Time of Cultural Studies"; Linda Williams's "Discipline and Distraction: Psycho, Visual Culture, and Postmodern Cinema"; Leslie Rabine's "Fashion and the Racial Construction of Gender"; James A. Boon's "Accenting Hybridity: Postcolonial Cultural Studies, a Boasian Anthropologist, and I"; Suzanne Gearhart's "Colonialism, Psychoanalysis, and Cultural Criticism: The Problem of Interiorization in the Work of Albert Memmi"; and Mark Poster's "Textual Agents: History at 'The End of History."'

Scriven, Michael. Jean-Paul Sartre: Politics and Culture in Postwar France. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Scriven provides an analysis of Sartre as an exemplary figure in the evolving political and cultural landscape of postwar France. In addition to assessing Sartre's deeply held revolutionary political beliefs, Scriven examines the philosopher's antagonism toward Gaullist concepts of France. Scriven devotes particular attention to Sartre's ideologically motivated conceptions of sculpture and painting.

Shankman, Steve, ed. Plato and Postmodernism. Glenside: Aldine, 1994.

Selections include: Shankman's "Plato and Postmodernism"; Eugene Webb's "Socrates, Modernism, and the Problem of a Genuine Postmodernism"; David M. Halperin's "Plato and the Erotics of Narrativity"; Harry Berger, Jr.'s "Phaedrus and the Politics of Inscription"; Djelal Kadir's "On the ars combinatoria of Plato's Cratylus"; Douglass H. Thomson's "Coming to Terms: Plato's Cratylus in the Light of Postmodernism"; Louis Orsini's "An Act of Imaginative Oblivion: Eric Voegelin's Analysis and the Parmenides"; Linda Kintz's "Plato, Kristeva, and the Chora: Figuring the Unfigurable"; and Sharon Larisch's "Plato's Practice: Genealogy and Mathematics."

Vice, Sue. Introducing Bakhtin. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1997.

Vice provides readers with an introductory guide to the life and work of Mikhail M. Bakhtin. Vice devotes particular attention to such concepts as heteroglossia, dialogism, and polyphony, among others. Vice examines the interconnections between carnival and the grotesque body, while also explaining the notion of the chronotope.

Wang, Jennie. Novelistic Love in the Platonic Tradition: Fielding, Faulkner, and the Postmodernists. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.

Wang explores the notion of Platonic love in various novels by Fielding, Faulkner, Joyce, and James, among others. In addition to examining the concept of Greek love stories, Wang traces the epic tradition in modern and postmodern English novels. Wang discusses the discourse of lovers in works of postmodern fiction, as well as romantic love in Faulkner's Go Down, Moses.

Williams, Jeffrey J. Theory and the Novel: Narrative Reflexivity in the British Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Williams investigates narrative features such as frames, digressions, and authorial intrusions in various works of English fiction. Williams argues that such features function as examples of narrative reflexivity, or those moments that represent and advertise the functioning of narrative itself. Drawing upon works by such writers as Henry James and Joseph Conrad, among others, Williams relates the reflexive tendencies in these narratives with recent insights in literary theory.

Wolfreys, Julian, ed. The Derrida Reader: Writing Performances. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1998.

In addition to Wolfreys's "Justifying the Unjustifiable: A Supplementary Introduction, of Sorts," selections by Derrida include: "Scribble (Writing Paper)"; "The Battle of Proper Names"; "The Originary Metaphor"; "The Retrait of Metaphor"; "The Time before First"; "From Specters of Marx"; "From Memoirs of the Blind"; "Logic of the Living Feminine"; "Qual Quelle: Valery's Sources"; "Khora"; and "Economimesis."

Wolfreys, Julian, John Brannigan, and Ruth Robbins, eds. The French Connections of Jacques Derrida. Albany: State U of New York P, 1999.

Selections include: Wolfreys, Brannigan, and Robbins's Preface; Michael Temple's "'Mallarme, par Jacques Derrida"; Robbins and Wolfreys's "In the Wake of...: Baudelaire, Valery, Derrida"; Brannigan's "'We have nothing to do with literature': Derrida and Surrealist Writing"; Ian Maclachlan's "Musique-rythme: Derrida and Roger Laporte"; Michael Syrotinski's "Domesticated Reading: Paulhan, Derrida, and the Logic of Ancestry"; Jessica Maynard's "I Remember... (Points of Suspension)"; Burhan Tufail's "Oulipian Grammatology: La regle du jeu"; Christopher Johnson's "Structuralism, Biology, and the Linguistic Model"; John P. Leavey, Jr.'s "French Kissing: Whose Tongue Is It Anyway?"; Boris Belay's "Translating Istrice: Derrida's Response from Poetry to the Poem"; and Laurent Milesi's "Between Barthes, Blanchot, and Mallarme: Skia(Photo)-Graphies of Derrida."

(4) Reader-Response and Phenomenological Criticism

Acheson, James. John Fowles. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Acheson provides close readings of the novels of John Fowles, especially such works as The Collector, The Magus, and The French Lieutenant's Woman, among others. Acheson argues that the sexual element inherent in Fowles's novels finds its roots in the novelist's existentialism. According to Acheson, Fowles's characters struggle with sexual issues and choose between lives of humdrum conventionality and the reality of their own authenticity.

Acheson, James, and Romana Huk, eds. Contemporary British Poetry: Essays in Theory and Criticism. Albany: State U of New York P, 1996.

Selections include: Huk's Introduction; Antony Easthope's "Donald Davie and the Failure of Englishness"; John Matthias's "The Poetry of Roy Fisher"; Edward Larrissy's "Poets of A Various Art: J. H. Prynne, Veronica Forrest-Thomson, Andrew Crozier"; Claire Buck's "Poetry and the Women's Movement in Postwar Britain"; Nicholas Zurbrugg's "Ian Hamilton Finlay and Concrete Poetry"; Paul Giles's "From Myth into History: The Later Poetry of Thom Gunn and Ted Hughes"; Huk's "Poetry of the Committed Individual: Jon Silkin, Tony Harrison, Geoffrey Hill, and the Poets of Postwar Leeds"; R. K. Meiners's "'Upon the Slippery Place'; or, In the Shit: Geoffrey Hill's Writing and the Failures of Postmodern Memory"; Linda Kinnahan's "'Look for the Doing Words': Carol Ann Duffy and Questions of Convention"; Vicki Bertram's "Postfeminist Poetry?: 'one more word for balls'"; Alastair Niven's "Bass History Is A-Moving: Black Men's Poetry in Britain"; C. L. Innes's "Accent and Identity: Women Poets of Many Parts"; Cairns Craig's "F rom the Lost Ground: Liz Lochhead, Douglas Dunn, and Contemporary Scottish Poetry"; and Linden Peach's "Wales' and the Cultural Politics of Identity: Gillian Clarke, Robert Minhinnick, and Jeremy Hooker."

Andonian, Cathleen Culotta, ed. The Critical Response to Samuel Beckett. Westport: Greenwood, 1998.

Andonian's introductory guide to the critical response to Samuel Beckett includes reviews and essays regarding the playwright's literary canon. Andonian's volume also features interviews with Beckett, as well as personal reminiscences about his life and work.

Ashton, Gail. Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Ashton provides an introduction to the criticism and interpretation of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. In addition to exploring the writer's style and narrative skills, Ashton discusses Chaucer's approach to characterization, plot, and other stylistic features. Ashton devotes particular attention to the themes, tensions, and ambiguities inherent in Chaucer's narratives.

Aubrey, James R., ed. John Fowles and Nature: Fourteen Perspectives on Landscape. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1999.

Selections include: Aubrey's Introduction; Katherine Tarbox's "John Fowles's Islands: Landscape and Narrative's Negative Space"; Clark Closser's "'In the Sea of Life Enlisted': Narrative Landscape and Catherine's Fate in John Fowles's 'The Cloud"'; Lynne S. Vieth's "Dialectical Aesthetics: Interrelations between Image and Text in John Fowles's Nonfiction"; Carol M. Barnum's "The Nature of John Fowles"; Barry N. Olshen's "The Archetype of the Green Man in the Writing of John Fowles"; Eileen Warburton's "The Corpse in the Combe: The Vision of the Dead Woman in the Landscape of John Fowles"; Liz-Anne Bawden, Kevin Padian, and Hugh S. Torrens's "The Undercliff of John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman: A Note on Geology and Geography"; Padian's "Deep Time, Evolutionary Legacy, and the Darwinian Landscape in John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman"; Patricia V. Beatty's "The Undercliff as Inverted Pastoral: The Fowlesian Felix Culpa in The French Lieutenant's Woman"; Suzanne Ross's "'Water out of a Woodla nd Spring': Sarah Woodruff and Nature in The French Lieutenant's Woman"; H. W. Fawkner's "Landscape This Side of Landscape: Transcendence and Immanence in the Fiction of John Fowles"; Lisa Colletta's "The Geography of Ruins: John Fowles's Daniel Martin and the Travel Narratives of D. H. Lawrence"; Kirke Kefalca's "Greek Myths and Greek Landscapes in John Fowles's The Magus"; Dianne L. Vipond's "The Landscape of Loss in the (Love) Poems of John Fowles"; and John Fowles's Afterword.

Ayres, Brenda. Dissenting Women in Dickens's Novels: The Subversion of Domestic Ideology. Westport: Greenwood, 1998.

Ayres surveys the role of women in the fictions of Charles Dickens as a means for subverting domestic ideology. In addition to discussing the nature of female choices in Dickens's fictions, Ayres examines the depiction of women in such novels as Barnaby Rudge and David Copperfield, among others. Ayres explores the representation of women as "misfits" in Dickens's narratives.

Balakian, Nona. The World of William Saroyan: A Literary Interpretation. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Balakian discusses the continuous development of the works of William Saroyan in the context of his biographical life. In addition to tracing the writer's path from the ethnic-oriented writing of an immigrant orphan born in Armenia and raised in California, Balakian examines Saroyan's identification with the American character and spirit of the era in which he lived. Balakian devotes particular attention to the manner in which Saroyan employed the past in his fictions and poetry.

Berry, John. Providence and Love: Studies in Wordsworth, Channing, Myers, George Eliot, and Ruskin. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Selections include: "Providence Displaced"; "Wordsworth's 'Lucy': Fiction or Fact"; "William Ellery Channing Visits the Lake Poets"; "Myers's Secret Passage"; "George Eliot and the Cambridge Ethos"; "Ruskin's Differences"; and an appendix, "Identifying Lucy?"

Blamires, Harry. The New Bloomsday Book: A Guide through Ulysses. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 1996.

Originally published in 1966, this updated guide to Joyce's epic novel provides readers with an introduction to Ulysses's themes and stylistic innovations. In addition to its running commentary, Blamires's reference guide illuminates the novel's structural underpinnings and principal characters.

Bloom, Clive, ed. Gothic Horror: A Reader's Guide from Poe to King and Beyond. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Bloom's reader's guide to Gothic literature offers an introduction to the popularity, themes, and characteristics of horror fiction. In addition to exploring the works of such writers as Edgar Allan Poe, H. P. Lovecraft, Robert Bloch, Stephen King, and Clive Barker, among others, Bloom's volume provides readers with an anthology of critical approaches to the canon of Gothic fiction. Bloom features a detailed chronology, as well as a wide-ranging introduction to the genre and its social and cultural contexts.

Boon, Kevin A. An Interpretive Reading of Virginia Woolf's The Waves. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen, 1998.

Boon provides readers with a close reading of Woolf's The Waves. In addition to addressing the novel's structure and its depiction of the self, Boon discusses the place of language, light, and the sea in Woolf's narrative. Boon offers commentary on the nature of the "written self," as well as upon the role of perception in Woolf's text.

Booth, Stephen. Precious Nonsense: The Gettysburg Address, Ben Jonson's Epitaphs on His Children, and Twelfth Night. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998.

Booth argues that many of our greatest literary works are inherently nonsensical. In addition to examining the rhetorical tangles, illogical leaps, and absurd imagery of such works, Booth provides close readings of the Gettysburg Address, Ben Jonson's epitaphs on his children, and Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. Booth focuses on the lapses in logic and irrational connections that undergird such texts.

Boyd, David, and Imre Salusinszky, eds. Rereading the Frye: The Published and Unpublished Works. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1999.

Selections include: Boyd and Salusinszky's Introduction; Robert D. Denham's "The Frye Papers"; Michael Dolzani's "The Book of the Dead: A Skeleton Key to Northrop Frye's Notebooks"; Salusinszky's "Frye and the Art of Memory"; Jonathan Hart's "The Quest for the Creative Word: Writing in the Frye Notebooks"; Joseph Adamson's "The Treason of the Clerks: Frye, Ideology, and the Authority of Imaginative Culture"; A. C. Hamilton's "Northrop Frye as Cultural Theorist"; Peter Pasztor's "Northrop Frye in Hungary: The Frustrations and Hopes of a Frye Translator"; and Denham's "Interpenetration as a Key Concept in Frye's Critical Vision."

Brady, Philip, and James F. Carens, eds. Critical Essays on James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: G. K. Hall, 1998.

Selections include: Brady and Carens's Introduction; Theodore Spencer's "Introduction to Stephen Hero"; Robert Scholes's "Joyce and the Epiphany: The Key to the Labyrinth?"; Michael Levenson's ""[Stephen's Diary: The Shape of Life]"; Robert Adams Day's "The Villanelle Perplex: Reading Joyce"; Cordell D. K. Yee's "[The Aesthetics of Stephen's Aesthetic]": Hans Walter Gabler's "The Genesis of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"; David Hayman's "[Joyce's Portrait and Flaubert's L'Education Sentimentale]"; Sidney Feshbach's "[A Slow and Dark Birth: A Study of the Organization]"; Maurice Beebe's "The Portrait as Portrait: Joyce and Impressionism"; Nehama Aschkenasy's "[Davin's 'Strange Woman' and Her Biblical Prototypes]"; F. L. Radford's "[Daedalus and the Bird Girl: Classical Text and Celtic Subtext]"; Diane Fortuna's "The Art of the Labyrinth"; James J. Sosnoski's "[Reading Acts, Reading Warrants, and Reading Responses]"; R. B. Kershner's "The Artist as Text: Dialogism and Incremental Repetition in Portrait"; Thomas C. Singer's "Riddles, Silence, and Wonder: Joyce and Wittgenstein Encountering the Limits of Language"; Michael Bruce McDonald's "[The Strength and Sorrow of Young Stephen: The Dialectic of Harmony and Dissonance"; and Vicki Mahaffey's "Framing, Being Framed, and the Janus Faces of Authority."

Braxton, Joanne M, ed. Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: A Casebook. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

Selections include: Braxton's "Symbolic Geography and Psychic Landscapes: A Conversation with Maya Angelou"; Dolly A. McPherson's "Initiation and Self-Discovery"; Opal Moore's "Learning to Live: When the Bird Breaks from the Cage"; Mary Vermillion's "Reembodying the Self: Representation of Rape in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings"; Pierre A. Walker's "Racial Protest, Identity, Words, and Form"; Susan Gilbert's "Paths to Escape"; Liliane K. Arensberg's "Death as a Metaphor of Self'; Mary Jane Lupton's "Singing the Black Mother: Maya Angelou and Autobiographical Continuity"; and Claudia Tate's "Maya Angelous: An Interview."

Brosnan, Leila. Reading Virginia Woolf's Essays and Journalism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1997.

Brosnan provides readers with a close analysis of Woolf's nonfiction from a theoretical perspective. In addition to offering a comprehensive survey of the writer's essays and journalism, Brosnan argues for consideration of Woolf's nonfiction to discussions of British literary modernism. Brosnan debates the differences between high and low culture, as well as the relationship between literature and the cultural circumstances inherent in its production.

Brown, Janice. The Seven Deadly Sins in the Work of Dorothy L. Sayers. Kent: Kent State UP, 1998.

Brown addresses the cultural and literary impact of the work of Dorothy L. Sayers. Brown argues that Sayers's conception of sin functions as the central theme in her fictive world. Tracing the writer's work from her earliest fictions through the lectures written during her twilight years, Brown demonstrates the manner in which Sayers employed popular genres to educate her readership about sin and redemption.

Byerly, Alison. Realism, Representation, and the Arts in Nineteenth-Century Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Byerly confronts a significant paradox in literary realism: the novels that represent themselves as celebrants of ordinary human experience simultaneously manifest an artistic obsession that undermines their realist aims. Drawing upon works by George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, and William Makepeace Thackeray, among others, Byerly examines the relative status of various artistic pursuits in nineteenth-century British culture.

Carabine, Keith, Owen Knowles, and Paul Armstrong, eds. Conrad, James, and Other Relations. Boulder: Social Science Monographs, 1998.

Selections include: Eloise Knapp Hay's "James, Conrad, and the Genealogy of the Revolutionary Novel"; Rodie Sudbury's "Anarchism and Suicide in The Princess Casamassima and The Secret Agent"; Armstrong's "Cultural Differences in Conrad and James: Under Western Eyes and The Ambassadors"; Elsa Nettels's "Unread Words: The Power of Letters in the Fiction of Henry James and Joseph Conrad"; Millicent Bell's "James and Conrad: The Fictions of Autobiography"; Allan Simmons's "Conrad on James: Open-Endedness and Artistic Affilitation"; Anthony Fothergill's "Memory and Experience Lost: Conrad's 'Karain: A Memory' and James's 'The Beast in the Jungle'"; Robert Hampson's "Storytellers and Storytelling in 'The Partner,' 'The Informer.' 'The Lesson of the Master,' and The Sacred Fount"; Josiane Paccaud-Huguet's "'Another Turn of the Racking Screw': The Poetics of Disavowal in The Shadow-Line"; Richard Hocks's. "Teaching Henry James and Joseph Conrad"; Hugh Epstein's "Victory's Marionettes: Conrad's Revisitation of Stevenson"; Garry Watson's "Fundamental Information: The Secret Agent, Billy Budd, Sailor, and the Sacrificial Crisis"; Wieslaw Krajka's "Making Magic as Cross-Cultural Encounter: The Case of Conrad's 'Karain: A Memory'"; Tim Middleton's "Re-Reading Conrad's 'Complete Man': Constructions of Masculine Subjectivity in 'Heart of Darkness' and Lord Jim"; Paul Hollywood's "The Artist as Anarchist: Henry James's The Princess Casamassima and the Prospect of Revolution"; Philip Horne's "The Lessons of Flaubert: James and L'Education Sen timentale"; and George Smith's "Manet, James, and Postmodern Narrative."

Cave, Richard, Elizabeth Schafer, Brian Woolland, eds. Ben Jonson and Theatre: Performance, Practice, and Theory. London: Routledge, 1999.

Selections include: Andrew Gurr's "Prologue: Who Is Lovewit? What Is He?"; Cave's "Script and Performance"; Cave's "Visualizing Jonson's Text"; Cave's "Designing for Jonson's Plays"; Cave's "Acting in Jonson: A Conversation with John Nettles and Simon Russell-Beale"; Cave's "Directing Jonson"; Woolland's "First Encounters"; Mick Jardine's "Jonson as Shakespeare's Other"; Woolland's "Contradictions"; Woolland's "The Gift of Silence"; Schafer's "Daughters of Ben" Julie Sanders's '"Twill fit the players yet': Women and Theatre in Jonson's Late Plays"; and Schafer's "Jonson Down Under: An Australian Alchemist."

Chadwick-Joshua, Jocelyn. The Jim Dilemma: Reading Race in Huckleberry Finn. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1998.

Chadwick-Joshua explores the principal arguments of literary critics who have taken a position for or against Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In addition to providing readers with a foundation for understanding the novel's central themes and structure, Chadwick-Joshua argues that misconceptions about the character of Jim find their origins in popular depictions of the novel and slavery. Chadwick-Joshua demonstrates the manner in which Huck functions as the voice of religious and social authority.

Chitham, Edward. The Birth of Wuthering Heights: Emily Bronte at Work. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Chitham traces the sources and inspiration for Emily Bronte's classic novel. In addition to exploring the ways in which Wuthering Heights reveals the writer's interest in myth and saga, Chitham discusses Bronte's composition of the novel. Chitham devotes particular attention to the anomalies and inconsistencies inherent in Bronte's revision of the novel.

Cho, Kwang Soon. Emblems in Shakespeare's Last Plays. Lanham: UP of America, 1998.

Cho explores the manner in which Shakespeare employed emblems in his later plays to address various moral and ethical themes. In addition to focusing on the layers of meanings inherent in Shakespeare's emblems, Cho investigates their symbolic import in his dramatic narratives. Cho devotes attention to such plays as Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale, The Tempest, and Henry VIII.

Cohn, Dorrit. The Distinction of Fiction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1999.

Cohn explores the intricate borders between fact and fiction. In addition to offering a wide-ranging survey of the nature of fictionality, Cohn examines the notion of fiction in terms of works by Proust, Mann, and Freud. Cohn discusses various narratological and phenomenological theories in an effort to demonstrate that boundaries between fiction and history can be firmly and systematically explored.

Cook, Ian. Reading Mill: Studies in Political Theory. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Cook discusses the nature of political theory through his analysis of the works of John Stuart Mill. In addition to exploring the various ways in which political theorists understand political theory, Cook examines three different readings of Mill's prose.

Cornwell, Neil, and Maggie Malone, eds. The Turn of the Screw and What Maisie Knew: Henry James. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Cornwell and Malone's Introduction; Ronald Schleifer's 'The Trap of the Imagination: The Gothic Tradition, Fiction, and The Turn of the Screw"; Shoshana Felman's "The Scene of Writing: Purloined Letters"; John Carlos Rowe's "The Use and Abuse of Uncertainty in The Turn of the Screw"; John H. Pearson's "Repetition and Subversion in Henry James's The Turn of the Screw"; T. J. Lustig's "Blanks in The Turn of the Screw"; Beth Newman's "Getting Fixed: Feminine Identity and Scopic Crisis in The Turn of the Screw"; Marianne DeKoven's "Gender, History, and Modernism in The Turn of the Screw"; Ronald Knowles's "'The Hideous Obscure': The Turn of the Screw and Oscar Wilde"; Barbara Eckstein's "Unsquaring the Squared Route of What Maisie Knew"; Julie Rivkin's "Undoing the Oedipal Family in What Maisie Knew"; and Sheila Teahan's "What Maisie Knew and the Improper Third Person."

Coursen, H. R. Shakespeare: The Two traditions. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1999.

Coursen examines recent film productions of Shakespeare in an effort to understand the manner in which postmodernism has influenced the dramatic representation of the plays. In addition to drawing distinctions between sites of production and the nature of our experience of Shakespeare on stage and film, Coursen argues that such productions involve a negotiation between traditional productions and reproductions of the plays. Coursen devotes particular attention to the generic conventions of filmic productions of Shakespeare.

Cronin, Gloria L, ed. Critical Essays on Zora Neale Hurston. New York: G. K. Hall, 1998.

Cronin's introductory guide to the works of Zora Neale Hurston features reviews and critical essays regarding the interpretation of her fictional canon. In addition to Cronin's "Introduction: Going to the Far Horizon," Cronin's volume includes Blaine L. Hall's "Writings by Zora Neale Hurston."

Day, Gary, ed. Varieties of Victorianism: The Uses of a Past. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Day's "Introduction: Past and Present--The Case of Samuel Smiles's Self Help"; Mary Angela Schwer's "Imperial Muscular Christianity: Thomas Hughes's Biography of David Livingstone"; Chris Hopkins's "Victorian Modernity?: Writing the Great Exhibition"; Jessica Maynard's "Black Silk and Red Paisley: The Toxic Woman in Wilkie Collins's Armadale"; Simon Malpas's "A Postmodern Victorian? Lewis Carroll and the Critique of Totalising Reason"; Peter R. Sedgwick's "Politics as Antagonism and Diversity: Mill and Lyotard"; K. M. Newton's "Victorian Values and Silas Marner"; John Peck's "Racism in the Mid-Victorian Novel: Thackeray's Philip"; Steven Earnshaw's "The Reason for Drinking in Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge"; Carl Plasa's "'To Whom Does He Address Himself?': Reading Wordsworth in Browning's Pauline"; Alistair Walker's "A Rose is a Rose is a Rover"; Nadine Holdsworth's "Haven't I See You Somewhere Before?: Melodrama, Postmodernism and Victorian Culture"; Darryl Wadsworth's "'A low born labourer like you': Audience and Victorian Working-Class Melodrama"; Nick Rance's "'Victorian Values' and 'Fast Young Ladies': from Madeleine Smith to Ruth Rendell"; Robert Mighall's "Vampires and Victorians: Count Dracula and the Return of the Repressive Hypothesis"; and Jonathan Skinner's "Of Elephants and Men: The Freak as Victorian and Contemporary Spectacle."

Decker, James M. The Formless Sexist: Reassessing Henry Miller. Ann Arbor: Roger Jackson, 1999.

Decker provides readers with a contemporary assessment of Miller's scholarly status. In addition to addressing Miller's use of sexuality as a liberating force of self-actualization, Decker discusses the novelist's employment of spiral form as his principal narrative technique. Decker supplements his study with a glossary of terms related to spiral form, as well as with an annotated course syllabus for the study of Miller's fictive canon.

Demastes, William W. Theatre of Chaos: Beyond Absurdism, into Orderly Disorder. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Demastes employs chaos theory and quantum mechanics in an effort to illuminate the frequently confusing nature of the contemporary theatrical world. Drawing upon plays by such figures as Shakespeare, Ibsen, Stoppard, Shepard, and Kushner, among others, Demastes discusses the cultural roots of chaos. Demastes devotes particular attention to the interconnections between the dramatic naturalism of the late nineteenth century and the rudiments of Newtonian thought.

Dolin, Kieran. Fiction and the Law: Legal Discourse in Victorian and Modernist Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Dolin examines the relationship between law and literature in the construction of social reality during the Victorian and modernist literary eras, respectively. Drawing upon works by Walter Scott and E. M. Forster, among others, Dolin reveals the manner in which literary study has proved influential in framing our popular understandings of the law. Dolin argues that the novel's cultural power underscores the nature of the genre's critical engagement with legal discourse.

Donaldson, George, and Mara Kalnins, eds. D. H. Lawrence in Italy and England. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Selections include: James T. Boulton's "Lawrence and Cambridge"; Michael Bell's "Cambridge and Italy: Lawrence, Wittgenstein, and Forms of Life"; Fiona Becket's "Strangeness in D. H. Lawrence"; Donaldson's "Unestablished Balance in Women in Love"; David Ellis's "Lawrence, Florence, and Theft: Petites mise of Biographical Enquiry"; Kalnins's "Play and Carnival in Sea and Sardinia"; Mark Kinkead-Weekes's "Rage against the Murrys: 'Inexplicable' or 'Psychopathic'?"; Graham Martin's "Lawrence and Modernism"; Howard Mills's "Trusting Lawrence the Artist in Italy: Etruscan Places--and Schubert"; M. Elizabeth Sargent's "The Lost Girl: Reappraising the Post-War Lawrence on Women's Will and Ways of Knowing"; Stuart Sillars's "'Terrible and Dreadful': Lawrence, Gertler, and the Visual Imagination"; and John Worthen's "Recovering The Lost Girl: Lost Heroines, Irrecoverable Texts, Irretrievable Landscapes."

Dowling, Finuala. Fay Weldon's Fiction. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Dowling offers a full-length study of Fay Weldon's popular and often controversial novels. Drawing upon recent insights in feminist and postmodernist theory, Dowling discusses the thematic and narrative subversions that undergird Weldon's fictions. Dowling focuses in particular upon the disobedient female protagonists who also function as the authors of Weldon's narratives.

Dwight, Eleanor. The Gilded Age: Edith Wharton and Her contemporaries. New York: Universe, 1996.

Dwight juxtaposes the writings of Edith Wharton, Henry James, and Mark Twain, among others, alongside paintings by John Singer Sargent, William Merritt Chase, and Maurice Brazil Prendergast. Dwight demonstrates the ways in which the writers' critical descriptions of the social rituals of their era underscore the cultural nature of the Gilded Age.

Egoff, Sheila, Gordon Stubbs, Ralph Ashley, and Wendy Sutton, eds. Only Connect: Readings on Children's Literature. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

Selections include: Peter Hunt's "Defining Children's Literature"; Julie Briggs's "Critical Opinion: Reading Children's Books"; Natalie Babbitt's "Protecting Children's Literature"; John Daniel Steele's "The Imaginative Uses of Secrecy in Children's Literature"; Tim Wynne-Jones's "An Eye for Thresholds"; Joan Aiken's "Interpreting the Past: Reflections of an Historical Novelist"; Perry Nodelman's "Progressive Utopia, Or, How to Grow Up Without Growing Up"; M. L. Rosenthal's "Alice, Huck, Pinnochio, and the Blue Fairy: Bodies Real and Imagined"; Eleanor Cameron's "Of Style and the Stylist"; Roy Stokes's "Fin de Siecle"; Joanne L. Lynn's "Runes to Ward Off Sorrow: Rhetoric of the English Nursery Rhyme"; Joyce Thomas's "Woods and Castles, Towers and Huts: Aspects of Setting in the Fairy Tale"; P. L. Travers's "Unknown Childhood"; Margaret Mahy's "A Dissolving Ghost"; Patricia Wrightson's "Deeper Than You Think"; Jane Yolen's "Turtles All the Way Down"; Nodelman's "Some Presumptuous Generalizations About Fantasy" ; Tamora Pierce's "Fantasy: Why Kids Read It, Why Kids Need It"; Monica Hughes's "Science Fiction as Myth and Metaphor"; Terry Pratchett's "Let There Be Dragons"; William Sleator's "What is it About Science Fiction?"; Myra Cohn Livinston's "The Poem On Page 81"; X. J. Kennedy's "Strict and Loose Nonsense: Two Worlds of Children's Verse"; Uri Shulevitz's "What is a Picture Book?"; Nodelman's "How Picture Books Work"; Tessa Rose Chester's "Black and White Set the Tone"; David Lewis's "The Construction of Texts: Picture Books and the Metafictive"; Marina Warner's "The Absent Mother: Women Against Women in Old Wives' Tales"; Brian Attebery's "Women's Coming of Age in Fantasy"; Michael Valpy's "Fathers Fare Poorly in Children's Books"; Sarah Ellis's "Innocence and Experience in the Young Adult Romance"; Peter Hollindale's "The Adolescent Novel of Ideas"; John Rowe Townsend's "The Turbulent Years, James Cross Giblin's "Trends in Children's Books Today"; Margaret Atwood's "Cultural Politics from a Writer's Point of View"; Susan Smith's "The Lion, The Witch, and The Drug Addict"; Rosalind Coward's "Greening the Child"; Marilyn Fain Aspeloff's "Abandonment: The New Realism of the Eighties"; and Jack Zipes's "Taking Political Stock: New Theoretical and Critical Approaches to Anglo-American Children's Literature in the 1980s."

Ermarth, Elizabeth Deeds. Realism and Consensus in the English Novel: Time, Space, and Narrative. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1998.

Ermarth examines the construction of the media of modernity, neutral time, and neutral space. In addition to reconceiving realism in terms of European cultural practices between the Renaissance and the nineteenth century, Ermarth explores the interconnections between art, politics, and the historical conventions of narrative. Ermarth provides close readings of the works of such figures as Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, and Henry James, among others.

Ewbank, Inga-Stina, Olav Lausund, and Bjorn Tysdahl, eds. Anglo-Scandinavian Cross-Currents. Norwich: Norvik, 1999.

Selections include: Ewbank's "Introduction: 'Anglo-Scandinavian Cross-Currents'"; Andrew Wawn's "Samuel Laing, Heimskringla, and the Victorian 'Berserker School'"; Anne Varty's "Carlyle and Odin"; Erik Kielland-Lund's "'Twilight of the Heroes': Old Norse Influence in Longfellow's Poetry"; Terry Gunnell's "Dame Bertha Phillpotts and the Search for Ancient Scandinavian Drama"; Rory McTurk's "William Morris, Gustav Storm, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson"; Lausund's "Edmund Gosse: Ibsen's First Prophet to English Readers"; Sara Jan's "Naturalism in the Theatre: Ibsen's Ghosts in 1890s England"; Gail Marshall's "Ibsen and Actresses on the English Stage"; Kirsten Shepherd-Barr's "'Too Far from Piccadilly': Ibsen in England and France in the 1890s"; Tore Rem's "'Cheerfully dark': Punchian Parodies of Ibsen in the Early 1890s"; Sven-Johan Spanberg's "Constructions of the Artist: Dowson, Ibsen, and the Fin de Siecle"; Simon Jessop's "Psychic Naturalism: Edvard Munch and Arthur Symons in 1892"; Tysdahl's "Ibsen's Stories in Joyce's Dubliners"; Richard Brown's "James Joyce between Ibsen and Bjornson: A Portrait of the Artist and The Fisher Lass"; Ewbank's "Dickens, Ibsen, and Cross-Currents"; Anka Ryall's "Literary Culture on the Margin: Ethel Tweedie's Travels in Norway"; Lausund's "Rival Images: Views of Britain in Nineteenth-Century Norwegian Writing"; Einar Bjorvand's "Brighton Welcomes Norwegian Artists, 1913"; and an appendix, "A Chronology of Translations, 1840-1915."

Fendler, Susanne, and Ruth Wittlinger, eds. The Idea of Europe in Literature, New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Selections include: Fendler and Wittlinger's "Introduction: The Idea of Europe--The Contribution of Literature"; Jan B. Gordon's "Charlotte Bronte's Alternative 'European Community"'; Silvia Mergenthal's "'Nation and Narration': Continental Europe and the English Novel"; Ulrike Horstmann's "Schlosses and the Scent of Pine: Images of Austria and Germany in the English Historical Romance and Gothic Romance since 1945"; Angela Flury's "Discovering 'Europe' in the Process of Repatriation: Primo Levi's La Tregua"; Marion Frank-Wilson's "World Fiction: The Transformation of the English/Western Literature Canon"; Ute Fendler' s "France and Its DOM: The Ambivalence of European Identity"; Susanne Fendler's "Immigrants in Britain: National Identities and Stereotypes"; Paul G. Nixon's "A Never Closer Union?: The Idea of the European Union in Selected Works of Malcolm Bradbury"; Liliana Mihut's "A Romanian View of Europe: George Uscatescu"; Rolf Hugoson's "Eyvind Johnson and the History of Europe: Many Times in One Place"; Wittlinger's "Englishness from the Outside"; Roy Boyne's "Memories of Hell: Kieslowski's Vision of European Subjectivity"; and Sylvie Gambaudo's "Europeans: Foreigners in Their Own Land."

Freedman, Jonathan, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Henry James. Cambridge: Cambridge Up, 1998.

Selections include: Freedman's "Introduction: The Moment of Henry James"; Martha Banta's "Men, Women, and the American Way"; Frances Wilson's "The James Family Theatricals: Behind the Scenes"; Philip Home's "Henry James at Work: The Question of Our Texts"; Dorothy J. Hale's "Henry James and the Invention of Novel Theory"; Robert Weisbuch's "Henry James and the Idea of Evil"; Hugh Stevens's "Queer Henry In the Cage"; Millicent Bell's "The Unmentionable Subject in 'The Pupil"'; Sara Blair's "Realism. Culture, and the Place of the Literary: Henry James and The Bostonians"; Eric Haralson's "Lambert Strether's Excellent Adventure"; William Stowe's "James's Elusive Wings"; Margery Sabin's "Henry James's American Dream in The Golden Bowl"; and "Affirming the Alien: The Pragmatist Pluralism of The American Scene."

Gammel, Irene, and Elizabeth Epperly, eds. L. M. Montgomery and Canadian Culture. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1999.

Selections include: Gammel and Epperly's "Introduction: L. M. Montgomery and the Shaping of Canadian Culture"; Laura M. Robinson's "'A Born Canadian': The Bonds of Communal Identity in Anne of Green Gables and A Tangled Web"; Own Dudley Edwards and Jennifer H. Litster's 'The End of Canadian Innocence: L. M. Montgomery and the First World War"; Carole Gerson's "'Dragged at Anne's Chariot Wheels': The Triangle of Author, Publisher, and Fictional Character"; E. Holly Pike's "(Re)Producing Canadian Literature: L. M. Montgomery's Emily Novels"; Elizabeth Waterston's "Reflection Piece: The Poetry of L. M. Montgomery"; Mary Henley Rubio's "L. M. Montgomery: Scottish-Presbyterian Agency in Canadian Culture"; Gammel and Ann Dutton's "Disciplining Development: L. M. Montgomery and Early Schooling"; Sasha Mullally's "'Daisy,' 'Dodgie,' and 'Lady Jane Grey Dort': L. M. Montgomery and the Automobile"; Erika Rothwell's "Knitting Up the World: L. M. Montgomery and Maternal Feminism in Canada"; Diana Arlene Chlebek's "The Ca nadian Family and Female Adolescent Development during the 1930s: Jane of Lantern Hill"; Roberta Buchanan's "Reflection Piece--'I Wrote Two Hours This Morning and Put Up Grapefruit Juice in the Afternoon': The Conflict between Woman Writer in L. M. Montgomery's Journals"; Frank Davey's "The Hard-Won Power of Canadian Womanhood: Reading Anne of Green Gables Today"; Theodore F. Sheckels's "Anne in Hollywood: The Americanization of a Canadian Icon"; Dianne Hicks Morrow's Interview with Sharon J. Hamilton, "Reflection Piece: Anne Shirley and the Power of Literacy"; Yoshiko Akamatsu's "Japanese Readings of Anne of Green Gables"; Calvin Trillin's "Anne of Red Hair: What Do the Japanese See in Anne of Green Gables?"; Margaret Atwood's "Reflection Piece: Revisiting Anne"; and Deirdre Kessler's "L. M. Montgomery and the Creation of Prince Edward Island."

Glissant, Edouard. Faulkner, Mississippi. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999.

Glissant explores Faulkner's stories about Yoknapatawpha County and his equivocations about the region's racism. In addition to exploring the novelist's racial complexities, Glissant views Faulkner as the central influence for such future writers as Flannery O'Connor, Alejo Carpenter, and Toni Morrison, among others. Glissant argues that Faulkner's characters all find themselves complicit in a multiracial calamity.

Godden, Richard. Fictions of Labor: William Faulkner and the South's Long Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Godden explores Faulkner's representation of the structural paradoxes of labor dependency in the Southern economy from the antebellum era through the New Deal. In addition to linking Faulkner's stylistics with the social trauma that functions as his central theme, Godden attributes such trauma to Southern dilemmas regarding the division of labor. Godden investigates the ways in which Faulkner's narratives provide an account of the legacy of violently coercive labor relations in the American South.

Goonetilleke, D. C. R. A. Salman Rushdie. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Goonetilleke reads the works of Salman Rushdie within the context of the controversial publication of The Satanic Verses and the novelist's dangerous clash with Islamic fundamentalism. Goonetilleke traces the autobiographical and historical elements inherent in Rushdie's fictions, as well as the cultural nuances that define the direction and nature of his fictive canon. Goonetilleke argues that innovative aspects of Rushdie's novels mark his postmodern narratives.

Grewal, Gurleen. Circles of Sorrow, Lines of Struggle: The Novels of Toni Morrison. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1998.

Grewal investigates Morrison's first six novels and situates the novelist as an African American writer who interrogates national identity and reconstructs social memory. Arguing that the novelist often works as a quasi-historiographer in her fictions, Grewal reveals the ways in which Morrison works to bridge the gap between emergent black middle-class America and its subaltern origins. Grewal views Morrison's novels as a revision of the project of cultural nationalism from a black feminist perspective.

Guy, Josephine. The Victorian Social-Problem Novel. New York: St. Martin's, 1996.

Guy provides readers with a critical history of the Victorian social-problem novel. In addition to offering an account of various critical approaches to this literary genre, Guy constructs close readings of works by George Eliot and Charles Dickens, among others. Guy situates the publication of Victorian social-problem novels within the context of nineteenth-century literary history and culture.

Halio, Jay L. Romeo and Juliet: A Guide to the Play. Westport: Greenwood, 1998.

Halio's introduction to Romeo and Juliet provides students and advanced scholars alike with a reference guide to Shakespeare's tragic drama. In addition to exploring the textual history of the play, Halio addresses the contexts and sources of Romeo and Juliet. Halio investigates the play's dramatic structure, as well as its characters, themes, and language.

Halio, Jay L., and Hugh Richmond, eds. Shakespeare Illuminations: Essays in Honor of Marvin Rosenberg. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Selections include: Ellen J. O'Brien's "Mapping the Role: Criticism and the Construction of Shakespearean Character"; G. B. Shand's "Gertred, Captive Queen of the First Quarto"; June Schlueter and James P. Lusardi's "Reading Hamlet in Performance: The Laertes/Hamlet Connection"; Phillip C. McGuire's "Whose Work Is This?: Loading the Bed in Othello"; Zdenek Stribrny's "King Lear versus Hamlet in Eastern Europe"; Halio's "Staging King Lear 1.1 and 5.3"; Richmond's "A Letter to the Actor Playing Lear"; Bernice Kliman's "Gleanings: The Residue of Difference in Scripts--The Case of Roman Polanski's Macbeth"; Barbara Hodgdon's "Macbeth at the Turn of the Millennium"; Tom Clayton's "Who 'has no children' in Macbeth?"; John F. Andrews's "Site-Reading Shakespeare's Dramatic Scores"; Michael Goldman's "History-Making in the Henriad"; Gunter Walch's "The Historical Subject as Roman Actor and Agent of History: Interrogative Dramatic Structure in Julius Caesar"; Maurice Charney's "Marlowe and Shakespeare's African Queens" ; Stephen Booth's "On the Aesthetics of Acting"; Lois Potter's "Killing Mercutio"; Sidney Homann's "'What Do I Do Now?': Directing A Midsummer Night's Dream"; Cary Mazer's "Statues: Mary Anderson, Shakespeare, and Statuesque Acting"; Ralph Berry's "'My Learned and Well-Beloved Servant Cranmer': Guthrie's Henry VIII"; John Russell Brown's "Techniques of Restoration: The Case of The Duchess of Malfi"; and Dunbar H. Ogden's "Women Play Women in the Liturgical Drama of the Middle Ages."

Harden, Edgar F. Thackeray the Writer: From Journalism to Vanity Fair. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Harden explores Thackeray's development as a book reviewer, journalist, art critic, short-story writer, satirical essayist, and novelist. In addition to tracing the composition of Vanity Fair, Harden discusses the interconnections between Thackeray's lively youth and his intellectual development as an artist and social critic. Harden devotes particular attention to the emergence of Thackeray's skill as a comic writer.

Harding, D. W. Regulated Hatred and Other Essays on Jane Austen. Ed. Monica Lawlor. London: Athlone, 1998.

Selections include: "Regulated Hatred: An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen"; "Family Life in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries"; "Social Habitat and Family Life in Jane Austen"; "Jane Austen and Moral Judgement"; "Character and Caricature in Jane Austen"; "Mansfield Park"; "Northanger Abbey"; "An Introduction to Persuasion"; "Civil Falsehood in Emma"; "Fraternal and Conjugal Love"; "The Supposed Letter Form of Sense and Sensibility"; "An Introduction to the Austen-Leigh Memoir"; and "D. W. Harding: A Biographical Chronology."

Hardy, Barbara. Shakespeare's Storytellers: Dramatic Narration. London: Peter Owen, 1997.

Hardy examines the ways in which Shakespeare makes narrative theatrical and employs his craft and language in order to further his plays' characterization and imagery. In addition to discussing the role of narrative in the dramatic structure of his plays, Hardy explores the influence of Plutarch, Holinshed, Brooke, and Sidney upon Shakespeare's work. Hardy devotes attention to the concepts of memory, forecast, and gendered story in close readings of such works as Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, among other plays.

Hart, Clive, C. George Sandulescu, Bonnie Kime Scott, and Fritz Senn, eds. Images of Joyce. Vol. 1. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe, 1998.

Selections include: Neil Davison's "Joyce, Jewish Identity, and the Paris Bourse"; John C. Hawley's "Jimmy Joyce versus the 'Old Hag with the Yellow Teeth': 'The Great Squaw Victoria"'; Garry Leonard's "Authorizing the Reader: Ulysses, 'Freewriting,' and Artifacts of Popular Culture in the Undergraduate Classroom"; David Norris's "Purple Passages and Ellipsoidal Balls--Joycean (Con)texts: A Subversive View of Joyce's 'Villanelle' of The Temptress"; Richard Brown's "Joycean Hypercriticism"; Monika Fludernik's "The Rhetoric of Readerly Vraisemblance and the Strategies of Joyce's Rewritings"; Jesus Garcia Gabaldon's "(Ch)oral Voices and Linguistic Utopias"; Suzette Henke's "Joyce and Feminism Encore: Gazing at Gerty MacDowell"; Randy Malamud's "Durkheimian Sensibilities in Joyce: Anomie and the Social Suicide"; Margot Norris's "Joyce, Feminisms, and History"; Jean-Michel Rabate's "Joyce's Perverse Modernism"; Mark Troy's "In/Out"; Martha F. Black's "'The Last Word in Stolentelling: I had it from Lamppost Shawe"'; Lucia Boldrini's "The Rule of Analogy and Contrappasso: Babel, Dante, Joyce, and the Redemption of Language"; Brown's "Dante as Refrigerator or Dante as an Ambiguous Sign in Joyce's Texts"; Sheon Joo Chin's "Aristotle's Masterpiece: Nora's Source Book"; Willi Erzgraber's "James Joyce and Oscar Wilde"; Richard Francis's "Rios's Larva: Midsummer Night's Babel and Finnegans Wake: Just Desserts after Quashed Potatoes"; Brandon Kershner's "The World's Strongest Man: Joyce or Sandow?"; Sebastian Knowles's "'O Lord I must stretch myself: Molly Bloom and Frankenstein"; Albert Montesi's "Charlie Chaplin and Leopold Bloom"; Josef Pesch's "Joyce and the Victorians"; Valeria Raglianti's "From Heaven to Earth: Of Love and Angel Woman in Dante's 'Vita Nova' and Joyce's 'Araby'"; Hannu Riikonen's "Russian Acquaintances: Notes on Joyce and Dostoevsky"; Michael Tratner's "Cleaning Women and Prostitutes: Figures in the Dark in To the Lighthouse and Ulysses"; Troy's "'B ...'"; Bjorn Tysdahl's "Joyce and Protestant Sainthood"; Lorraine Weir's "McLuhan's Joyce"; Gosta Werner's "James Joyce, Charlie Chaplin, and the Marx Brothers"; Toby S. Zinman's "Beckett's Missing Word"; Myra Russel's "New Ways of Looking at Chamber Music"; George L. Coleman's "Sense Deprivation in 'After the Race' and a 'Painful Case'"; Liisa Dahl's "Indirect Questions in Dubliners"; Therese Fisher- Seidel's "'The Story of the Injured Lady': Gender and Intertextuality in Dubliners"; Johannes Hedberg's "Humour in Dubliners"; Harold Mosher's "The Unnarrated in Dubliners"; and Thomas J. Rice's "The Geometry of Meaning in Dubliners: An Euclidian Approach."

Hart, Clive, C. George Sandulescu, Bonnie Kime Scott, and Fritz Senn, eds. Images of Joyce. Vol. 2. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe, 1998.

Selections include: Khani Begum's "James Joyce and Stephen Dedalus: Male Artificers and Their Artifice"; Murray McArthur's "The Origin of the Work of Art in Portrait V"; Elia Rantonen's "A Portrait of the Artist as a Sinning Man"; Judith Allen's "The Shells of Ulysses: Paradigms of Inconclusiveness"; John C. Boggs's "'Wandering Rocks': Joyce's Adaptation of the Classical Myth"; Zack Bowen's "'Circe' as Pantomime"; Birgit Bramsback's "A Banquet for Bloom: Images of Food and Drink in Ulysses"; Christy Burns's "A Birth of Parody in 'Scylla and Charybdis'"; Edward F. Callahan's "Ulysses and the Audience of an Epic"; Ulrich Eberl's "Joyce as Transindividual Allegory"; Lee A. Jacobus's "Bring the Camera Whenever You Like: 'Wandering Rocks,' Cinema Ambulante, and Problems of Diagesis"; Dermot Kelly's "Joycean Parody: Irony and Transcendence"; Colleen Lamos's "Anti-Oedipal Joyce"; Garry Leonard's "'Life' in a World of Mass-Produced Objects: 'Kitsch' and Commodity Culture in Joyce"; Randy Malamud's "Prostituting Langu age: Silent Means Consent"; Robert Oxley's "Satiric Cataloguing of Names in the 'Cyclops' Episode of James Joyce's Ulysses"; Kristiina Peltonen's "Easter Symbolism in the Opening Scene of Ulysses"; Margaret Rogers's "The Soggetto Cavato in 'Sirens'"; Bonnie Kime Scott's "Bloom's Transparent Vehicle of Desire"; Brook Thomas's "Re-viewing Institutional Revisions of the Random House Edition"; Thomas Vogler's "The Whatness of Somehorse in Ulysses"; Ewa Ziarek's "Working the Limit: (M)other, Text, Abject in Ulysses"; Ulrich Blumenbach's "A Bakhtinian Approach towards Translating Finnegans Wake"; Vincent Cheng's "The General and the Sepoy: Imperialism and Power in the Museyroom"; Kent Lewis's "Still Points within the Wake"; James Michels's "Local Colour and Personal Perfume: Kells... the Wake ... the Letter"; Andrew Norris's "Subjectification: Character and Mechanics in Finnegans Wake"; Michael O'Kelly's "Using Computer Networks to Share Ideas about Finnegans Wake"; R. J. Schork's "Some 'Scainted' Allusions in the Wake"; Heinrich Versteegen's "Translating Finnegans Wake: Translatability and the Translator's Personality"; Anthony Burgess's "Joyce as Novelist"; Karen Lawrence's "'Beggaring Description': Economies of Language and the Language of Economy in 'Eumaeus"'; Klaus Reichert's "Joyce's Memory"; Sandra Gilbert's "What Is the Meaning of the Play?: Joyce, Woolf, and the History of the Future"; David Pierce's "Yeats and Joyce: Scene-Setting Remarks"; Augustine Martin's "Yeats and the Young James Joyce"; Wilbur Stevens's "Joyce and Yeats: Poets Compared"; Pierce's "Close-u p: The Countess Cathleen"; Peter de Voogd's "A Daintical Pair: James Joyce and William Butler Yeats"; Anne Yeats's "My Uncle Jack"; Hilary Pyle's "Jack B. Yeats's Dublin Images"; and Michael W. J. Smurfit's "Bloomsday Banquet--16 June 1990."

Haste, Steve. Criminal Sentences: True Crime in Fiction and Drama. London: Cygnus Arts, 1998.

Haste examines true crime's influence upon literature. In addition to exploring the ways in which authors adapt criminal facts to their fictive needs, Haste discusses the works of such writers as Charles Dickens, Wilkie Collins, and Robert Louis Stevenson, among others. Haste argues that such literary figures often employ real-world villains to study their places as heroes in a corrupt society.

Hochman, Baruch, and Ilja Wachs. Dickens: The Orphan Condition. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1999.

Hochman and Wachs examine Dickens's novels in terms of their involvement with the imaginative and emotional implications of orphanhood and the horrors of abandonment. In addition to discussing such classic characters as Oliver Twists David Copperfield, and Pip, among others, Hochman and Wachs demonstrate the urgency inherent in the plot of a Dickens novel and the abject nature of the orphan condition. Hochman and Wachs argue that Dickens's loyalty in his fictions finds its origins in the plight of the abandoned child.

Holden, Alan W., and J. Roy Birch, eds. A. E. Housman: A Reassessment. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Selections include: Holden and Birch's Introduction; Archie Burnett's "A. E. Housman's 'Level Tones"'; Benjamin F. Fisher's "The Critical Reception of A Shropshire Lad"; Keith Jebb's "The Land of Lost Content"; Geoffrey Hill's "Tacit Pledges"; Kenneth Womack's "'Ashes under Uricon': Historicizing A. E. Housman, Reifying T. H. Huxley, Embracing Lucretius"; Norman Page's "A. E. Housman and Thomas Hardy"; Trevor Hold's "'Flowers to Fair': A Shropshire Lad's Legacy of Song"; G. P. Goold's "Housman's Manilius"; John Bayley's "Lewis Carroll in Shropshire"; P. G. Naiditch's "The First Edition of A Shropshire Lad in Bookshop and Auction Room"; Carol Efrati's "A. E. Housman's Use of Biblical Narrative"; and Takeshi Obata's "The Spirit of Haiku and A. E. Housman."

Holland, Patrick, and Graham Huggan. Tourists with Typewriters: Critical Reflections on Contemporary Travel Writing. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.

Holland and Huggan offer an extensive survey of postwar travel writing. Drawing upon the works of such writers as Jan Morris, Peter Matthiessen, V. S. Naipaul, Barry Lopez, Mary Morris, Paul Theroux, Peter Mayle, and Bruce Chatwin, Holland and Huggan discuss the reasons behind travel writing's abiding popularity. Holland and Huggan identify the significance of travel writing as a cultural and literary form.

Hourihan, Margery. Deconstructing the Hero: Literary Theory and Children's Literature. London: Routledge, 1997.

Hourihan maps the structure and meaning of the adventure story. In addition to providing readers with readings of works by Robert Louis Stevenson, Ian Fleming, and Daniel Defoe, among others, Hourihan examines the ways in which works of children's literature shape children's perceptions and establish values. Hourihan demonstrates the significance of teaching children to read books critically.

Hughes, Kathryn. George Eliot: The Last Victorian. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1998.

Hughes offers a new biography of George Eliot that provides readers with a portrait of her extraordinary life in letters. In addition to tracing the novelist's emergence as a force in the Victorian literary marketplace, Hughes discusses the personal dramas that shaped Eliot's psyche. Hughes examines Eliot's significant place within the social and intellectual milieu of her day.

Hutchinson, Stuart, ed. Mark Twain: Tom Sawyer/Huckleberry Finn. New York: Columbia UP, 1998.

Selections include: Hutchinson's "Introduction: Mark Twain's Life and Work"; "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876): The Contemporary Reviews"; "Tom Sawyer: Twentieth-Century Criticism"; "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884-85): Dates of Composition and Contemporary Reviews"; "Huckleberry Finn: The Response of Creative Writers"; and "Huckleberry Finn: Twentieth-Century Critical Response."

Israel, Kali. Names and Stories: Emilia Duke and Victorian Culture. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.

Drawing upon recent insights in biography, aesthetic history, and sociocultural inquiry, Israel addresses the experiences of Emilia Dilke as a controversial feminist author during the Victorian era. In addition to discussing Dilke's various incarnations as a writer and socialite, Israel examines her tenure as the active and popular president of the Women's Trade Union League for nearly two decades. Israel contextualizes Duke's writings within the sociocultural context of the Victorian age.

Kawachi, Yoshiko, ed. Japanese Studies in Shakespeare and His Contemporaries. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Selections include: Arata Ide's "Doctor Faustus and the Appearance of the Devil"; Mariko Ichikawa's "Time Allowed for Exits in Shakespeare's Plays"; Kawachi's "The Merchant of Venice and Japanese Culture"; Yukari Yoshihara's "Money and Sexuality in Measure for Measure"; Soji Iwasaki's "The Stage Tableau and Iconography of Macbeth"; Miki Suehiro's "'And Left Them More Rich for What They Yielded': Representation of Woman's Body and the Heterogeneous Economies in The Winter's Tale"; Ted Motohashi's "Canibal and Caliban: The Tempest and the Discourse of Cannibalism"; Akiko Kusunoki's "Representations of Female Subjectivity in Elizabeth Cary's The Tragedy of Mariam and Mary Wroth's Love's Victory"; Shoichiro Kawai's "Fletcher versus 'Fletcher'"; Manabu Noda's "The Primacy of the Sense of the Body over the Sense of the Line: David Garrick's Acting of Shakespeare"; and Noriyuki Harada's "Individuality in Johnson's Shakespeare Criticism."

Keen, Suzanne. Victorian Renovations of the Novel: Narrative Annexes and the Boundaries of Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Keen's study of narrative technique in Victorian novels introduces the concept of narrative annexes" in which unexpected characters, impermissible subjects, and plot-changing events enter into the fictive worlds that often exclude them. Drawing upon the works of such writers as Dickens, Hardy, and Trollope, among others, Keen argues that such narrative moments are marked by the crossing of textual borders into previously unrepresented genres, places, and modes. Keen contends that narrative annexes draw readers into worlds characterized by the fear of disease, the plight of the working poor, and into the very proximity of Victorian polite society.

Kellman, Steven G., and Irving Malin, eds. Into the Tunnel: Readings of Gass's Novel. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Selections include: Kellman's Introduction; Malin's 's "Anti-Introduction"; Heide Ziegler's "Interview with William H. Gass"; James McCourt's "Gass's Hamlet"; Kellman's "Boring through The Tunnel"; Susan Stewart's "An American Faust"; Brooke Horvath's "Complexity, Simplicity, and The Tunnel"; Jerome Klinkowitz's "In Search of Proust's Time: 'Sweets' and the Remembrance of Things Gass"; Ziegler's "William Gass: Is There Light at the End of The Tunnel?"; Donald J. Greiner's "Salman Rushdie, William Kohler, and the Writer as Hostage in The Tunnel"; Arthur Saltzman's "The Nightmare of Relation"; Marcus Klein's "Guilt and Innocence in The Tunnel"; Malin's "Min(d)ing Words"; and Paul Maliszewski's "'Like.'"

Kendall, Gillian Murray, ed. Shakespearean Power and Punishment: A Volume of Essays. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include: Kendall's Introduction; Ann Rosalind Jones's "Revenge Comedy: Writing, Law, and the Punishing Heroine in Twelfth Night, The Merry Wives of Windsor, and Swetnam the Woman-Hater"; Susanne Collier's "Cutting to the Heart of the Matter: Stabbing the Woman in Philaster and Cymbeline"; Sara Eaton's "'Content with Art'?: Seeing the Emblematic Woman in The Second Maiden's Tragedy and The Winter's Tale"; David McCandless's "'I'll Pray to Increase Your Bondage': Power and Punishment in Measure for Measure"; Arthur L. Little, Jr.'s "Absolute Bodies, Absolute Laws: Staging Punishment in Measure for Measure"; Robert N. Watson's "The State of Life and the Power of Death: Measure for Measure"; Kathryn Barbour's "Flout 'em and Scout 'em and Scout 'em and Flout 'em: Prospero's Power and Punishments in The Tempest"; Kendall's "Overkill in Shakespeare"; and Ronald R. Macdonald's "The Unheimlich Maneuver: Antithetical Ways of Power in Shakespeare."

Kendrick, Stephen. Holy Clues: The Gospel According to Sherlock Holmes. New York: Pantheon, 1999.

Kendrick argues that Sherlock Holmes functions as a spiritual guide and master, as a character whose Zen-like techniques of awareness and observation provide religious insight for modern, cynical readers. In addition to exploring the stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle for religious and metaphysical lessons, Kendrick demonstrates the ways in which the methods of investigating crimes are the same methods that yield religious insight when applied to the world and to the human heart. Kendrick draws upon both Eastern and Western religious tradition while addressing issues of justice and mercy, good and evil, guilt and innocence.

Kennedy, J. Gerald, and Jackson R. Bryer, eds. French Connections: Hemingway and Fitzgerald Abroad. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Selections include: Kennedy and Bryer's "Preface: Recovering the French Connections of Hemingway and Fitzgerald"; George Wickes's "The Right Place at the Right Time"; Scott Donaldson's "Fitzgerald's Blue Pencil"; H. R. Stoneback's '"Very Cheerful and Clean and Sane and Lovely': Hemingway's 'Very Pleasant Land of France"'; Robert A. Martin's "The Expatriate Predicament in The Sun Also Rises"; Claude Caswell's "City of Brothelly Love: The Influence of Paris and Prostitution on Hemingway's Fiction"; Welford Dunaway Taylor's "A Shelter from The Torrents of Spring"; Kirk Curnutt's "'In the temps de Gertrude': Hemingway, Stein, and the Scene of Instruction at 27. rue de Fleurus"; William Braasch Watson's "The Other Paris Years of Ernest Hemingway: 1937"; Ruth Prigozy's "Fitzgerald, Paris, and the Romantic Imagination"; John F. Callahan's "'France Was a Land': F. Scott 'Fitzgerald's Expatriate Theme in Tender Is the Night"; Felipe Smith's "The Figure on the Bed: Difference and 'American Destiny in. Tender Is the Night"; Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin's "The Influence of France on Nicole Diver's Recovery in Tender Is the Night"; Jacqueline Vaught Brogan's "Strange Fruits in The Garden of Eden: 'The Mysticism of Money,' The Great Gatsby, and A Moveable Feast"; James P]ath's "The Sun Also Rises as "A Greater 'Gatsby': 'Isn't it pretty to think so"'; Nancy R. Comley's "Madwomen on the Riviera: The Fitzgeralds, Hemingway, and the Matter of Modernism"; Robert E. Gajdusek's "The Metamorphosis of Fitzgerald's Dick Diver and Its Hemingway Analogs"; and Kennedy's "Figuring the Damage: Fitzgerald's 'Babylon Revisited' and Heming way's 'The Snows of Kilimanjaro."'

Kennedy, Richard S., ed. Literary New Orleans in the Modern World. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1998.

Selections include: Alice Hall Petry's "Native Outsider: George Washington Cable"; Robert Bush's "The Patrician Voice: Grace King"; Hephzibah Roskelly's "Cultural Translator: Lafcadio Hearn"; Anne Rowe's "New Orleans as Metaphor: Kate Chopin"; W. Kenneth Holditch's "The Brooding Air of the Past: William Faulkner"; Lewis Lawson's "Pilgrim in the City: Walker Percy"; Holditch's "South Toward Freedom: Tennessee Williams"; and Lewis P. Simpson's "New Orleans as a Literary Center: Some Problems.."

Kramer, Dale, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Selections include: Michael Millgate's "Thomas Hardy: The Biographical Sources"; Simon Gatrell' s "Wessex"; Norman Page's "Art and Aesthetics"; Robert Schweik's "The Influence of Religion, Science, and Philosophy on Hardy's Writings"; Peter Widdowson's "Hardy and Critical Theory"; Kristin Brady's "Thomas Hardy and Matters of Gender"; Jakob Lothe's "Variants on Genre: The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, The Hand of Ethelberta"; Penny Boumeiha's "The Patriarchy of Class: Under the Greenwood Tree, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Woodlanders"; Linda M. Shires's "The Radical Aesthetic of Tess of the d'Urbervilles"; Kramer's "Hardy and Readers: Jude the Obscure"; Dennis Taylor's "Hardy as a Nineteenth-Century Poet"; and John Paul Riquelme's "The Modernity of Thomas Hardy's Poetry."

Kramer, Michael P., ed. New Essays on Seize the Day. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Kramer's "The Vanishing Jew: On Teaching Bellow's Seize the Day as Ethnic Fiction"; Hana Wirth-Nesher's '"Who's he when he's at home?': Saul Bellow's Translations"; Donald Weber's "Manners and Morals, Civility and Barbarism: The Cultural Contexts of Seize the Day"; Sam B. Girgus's "Imaging Masochism and the Politics of Pain: 'Facing' the Word in the Cinetext of Seize the Day"; Emily Miller Budick's "Yizkor for Six Million: Mourning the Death of Civilization in Saul Bellow's Seize the Day"; and Jules Chametzky's "Death and

the Postmodern Hero/Schlemiel: An Essay on Seize the Day."

Kreilkamp, Vera. The Anglo-Irish Novel and the Big House. Syracuse: Syracuse UP, 1998.

Kreilkamp argues that Irish fiction needs to be rescued from the critical assumptions undergirding attacks on the historical mythologies of Yeats and the Irish literary revival. In addition to exploring a uniquely Irish version of colonial and postcolonial literature, Kreilkamp traces the self-critical formulations of a gentry society facing its extinction. Kreilkamp reads the works of a variety of Irish writers in terms of the manner in which they often mix comic irony with nostalgia.

Lawrence, Karen R., ed. Transcultural Joyce. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Lawrence's "Introduction: Metempsychotic Joyce"; Eavan Boland's "James Joyce: The Mystery of Influence"; Maria DiBattista's "Joyce's Ghost: The Bogey of Realism in John McGahern's s Amongst Women"; Lawrence's "In Transit: From Joyce to Brigid Brophy"; Michael Wood's "Cabrera Infante: Unruly Pupil"; Cesar Augusto Salgado's "Barroco Joyce: Jorge Luis Borge's and Jose Lezama Lima's Antagonistic Readings"; Srinivas Aravamudan's "Postcolonial Affiliations: Ulysses and All about H. Hatterr"; Ronald Bush's "Rereading the Exodus: Frankenstein, Ulysses, The Satanic Verses, and Other Postcolonial Texts"; Jacques Mailhos's "The Art of Memory: Joyce and Perec"; Rosa Maria Bollettieri Bosinelli's "Introduction: Anna Livia Plurabelle's Sisters"; Daniel Ferrer and Jacques Aubert's "Anna Livia's French Bifurcations"; Fritz Senn's "ALP Deutsch: 'ob uberhaupt moglich?"'; Bosinelli's "Anna Livia's Italian Sister"; Laurent Milesi's "ALP in Roumanian (with Some Notes on Roumanian in Finnegans Wake and in the N otebooks)"; Francisco Garcia Tortosa's "The Spanish Translation of Anna Livia Plurabelle"; and Di Jin's "The Artistic Integrity of Joyce's Text in Translation."

Lehman, Daniel W. Matters of Fact: Reading Nonfiction over the Edge. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1998.

Lehman discusses what happens when writers and readers encounter texts presented as nonfiction, texts that make truth claims and present tangible characters and events. In addition to examining the ways in which the current critical climate blurs distinctions between fiction and nonfiction, Lehman traces the works of such figures as Charles Dickens, John Reed, Tom Wolfe, Joan Didion, Sigmund Freud, and Tim O'Brien, among others. Lehman argues that nonfiction texts compete with the lives and events that lie outside of their narrative boundaries.

Leighton, Angela, ed. Victorian Women Poets: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.

Selections include: Tricia Lootens's "Hemans and Home: Victorianism, Feminine 'Internal Enemies,' and the Domestication of National Identity"; Sandra M. Gilbert's "From Patria to Matria: Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Risorgimento"; Joyce Zonana's "The Embodied Muse: Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh and Feminist Poetics"; Stevie Davies's "The Mother Planet"; Kathleen Blake's "Armgart: George Eliot on the Woman Artist"; Gill Gregory's "Adelaide Procter's 'A Legend of Provence': The Struggle for a Place"; Jerome J. McGann's "Christina Rossetti's Poems"; Dolores Rosenblum's "Christina Rossetti's Religious Poetry: Watching, Looking, Keeping Vigil"; Terrence Holt's "'Men sell not such in any town': Exchange in Goblin Market"; Chris White's "The Tiresian Poet: Michael Field"; Linda K. Hughes's "'Fair Hymen holdeth hid a world of woes': Myth and Marriage in Poems by 'Graham R. Tomson' (Rosamund Marriott Watson)"; Katharine McGowran's "The Restless Wanderer at the Gates: Hosts, Guests, and Ghosts in the Poetry of Mary E. Coleridge"; Dorothy R. Mermin's "The Damsel, the Knight, and the Victorian Woman Poet"; Leighton's "'Because men made the laws': The Fallen Woman and the Woman Poet"; Susan Conley's "'Poet's Right': Elegy and the Woman Poet"; Isobel Armstrong's "'A Music of Thine Own': Women's Poetry--an Expressive Tradition?"; and Margaret Reynolds's "'I lived for art, I lived for love': The Woman Poet Sings Sappho's Last Song."

Le Poidevin, Robin, ed. Questions of Time and Tense. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Selections include: Le Poidevin's "The Past, the Present, and Future of the Debate about Tense"; E.J. Lowe's "Tense and Persistence"; Jeremy Butterfield's "Seeing the Present"; David Cockburn's "Tense and Emotion"; Heather Dyke's "Real Times and Possible Worlds"; Graham Nerlich's "Time as Spacetime"; Quentin Smith's "Absolute Simultaneity and the Infinity of Time"; L. Nathan Oaklander's "Freedom and the New Theory of Time"; Piers Benn's "Morality, the Unborn, and the Open Future"; William Lane Craig's "The Tensed versus Tenseless Theory of Time: A Watershed for the Conception of Divine Eternity"; Paul Helm's "Time and Trinity"; and Gregory Currie's "Tense and Egocentricity in Fiction."

Lewis, Linda M. Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Spiritual Progress: Face to Face with God. Columbia: U of Columbia P, 1998.

Lewis discusses Elizabeth Barrett Browning's contention that "Christ's religion is essentially poetry--poetry glorified." In addition to interpreting Browning's literary life as an arduous spiritual quest, Lewis examines Browning's religion as a form of poetry. Lewis traces Browning's religious crusade from her childhood through her posthumously published Last Poems.

Ling, Jinqi. Narrating Nationalisms: Ideology and Form in Asian American Literature. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Ling addresses ongoing debates regarding the nature of Asian American literary production from the 1950s through 1980. Drawing upon works by such figures as John Okada, Louis Chu, Frank Chin, and Maxine Hong Kingston, Ling examines Asian American literature's ongoing dialogue with progressive multicultural politics. Ling offers a new critical basis for understanding the literature and culture of Asian American writers.

Lundin, Roger. Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Lundin offers a literary biography of Dickinson that focuses on her lifelong struggle with religious belief. In addition to providing readers with a chronological look at Dickinson's life, Lundin examines the poet's work in its ecclesiastical, theological. and intellectual contexts. Lundin charts Dickinson's poetic development through an analysis of nineteenth-century American politics and religious, social, and intellectual history.

Lynch, Deidre Shauna. The Economy of Character: Novels, Market Culture, and the Business of Inner Meaning. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Lynch addresses the notion of literary character and its role in the textual experiences of readers. In addition to elaborating upon a pragmatics of literary character, Lynch demonstrates the ways in which readers engage in transactions of sorts with the literary characters who live in the fictions that they consume. Lynch argues that searching for the inner meanings of characters allows readers to explore themselves and the social worlds in which they live.

Madden, David, and Jeffrey J. Folks, eds. Remembering James Agee. 2nd ed. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1997.

Selections include: Madden's "Introduction: On the Mountain with Agee"; James H. Flye's "An Article of Faith"; Robert Saudek's "J. R. Agee '32: A Snapshot Album, 1928-1932"; Robert Fitzgerald's "A Memoir"; David McDowell's "The Turning Point"; Walker Evans's "James Agee in 1936"; Louis Kronenberger's "A Real Bohemian"; T. S. Matthews's "Agee at Time"; Scott Bates's "Agee on Film"; Dwight Macdonald's "Jim Agee, A Memoir"; John Huston's "'I See Him ..."; Florence Homolka's "Jim's Many Gestures"; Whittaker Chambers's "Agee"; Mia Agee and Gerald Locklin's "Faint Lines in a Drawing of Jim"; and Fitzgerald's "'What Was Pure and Immediate': James Agee Memorial Library Dedication."

Marsh, Nicholas. Shakespeare: The Tragedies. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Marsh examines Shakespeare's tragedies in order to demonstrate the ways in which critics can use various techniques to bring out complexities of meaning and patterns of metaphor. Using Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, Marsh provides readers with the means for understanding the rhythms of the poetry and appreciating the drama inherent in Shakespeare's narratives. Marsh devotes particular attention to themes regarding society, humor, imagery, and the tragic universe in Shakespeare's plays.

Marx, Lesley. Crystals Out of Chaos: John Hawkes amid the Shapes of Apocalypse. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Marx argues that John Hawkes's aesthetic functions as an expansive and transformative vision that celebrates the possibilities of authority, writing, storytelling, and gender. Drawing upon such works as Adventures in the Alaskan Skin Trade and Sweet William: A Memoir of Old Horse, Marx discusses Hawkes's attempts to understand the twentieth-century experience of war, sex, and the struggles for gender and power. Marx emphasizes the surrealistic and nightmarish worlds of Hawkes's fictions in such works as The Cannibal and Travesty, among others.

Mendelsohn, Ezra, ed. Literary Strategies: Jewish Texts and Contexts. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

Selections include: Liliane Weissberg's "Dramatic History: Reflections on a Biblical Play by Ludwig Robert"; Bryan Cheyette's "Englishness and Extraterritoriality: British-Jewish Writing and Diaspora Culture"; Michael Stanislawski's "Jabotinsky as Playwright: New Texts, New Subtexts"; David G. Roskies's "Rabbis, Rebbes, and Other Humanists: The Search for a Usable Past in Modern Yiddish Literature"; Marcus Moseley's "Between Memory and Forgetfulness: The Janus Face of Michah Yosef Berdichevsky"; Chone Shmeruk's "The Frankist Novels of Isaac Bashevis Singer"; Ruth R. Wisse's "Language as Fate: Reflections on Jewish Literature in America"; Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi's "The Grapes of Roth: 'Diasporism' between Portnoy and Shylock"; David Rechter's "Autonomy and Its Discontents: The Austrian Jewish Congress Movement, 1917-1918"; Joseph Heller's "Jabotinsky's Use of National Myth in Political Struggles"; Arthur Aryeh Goren's "Pageants of Sorrow, Celebration and Protest: The Public Culture of American Jews"; H. M. Dalesk i's "Literary Representations of 'the Jew"'; Shmeruk's "The Perils of Translation: Isaac Bashevis Singer in English and Hebrew"; Noah Lucas's "Democracy in Israel: Proven yet Precarious"; Hillel J. Kieval's "'Fantasy' and 'Reality' in Modern Antisemitism"; Mitchell Cohen's "Imaginary Jews and Jewish Imagination"; and Benny Kraut's "American Antisemitism, Black/Jewish Relations: A Matter of Perspective."

Moore, Gene M., ed. Conrad on Film. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include: Moore's "In Praise of Infidelity: An Introduction"; Wallace S. Watson's "Conradian Ironies and the Conrad Films"; Moore's "Conrad's 'Film-Play' Gaspar the Strong Man"; Avrom Fleishman's "The Secret Agent Sabotaged?"; Lissa Schneider's "The Woman Alone in Conrad and Hitchcock"; Robert Spadoni's "The Seeing Ear: The Presence of Radio n Welles's Heart of Darkness"; Warren French's "'The Secret Sharer': Film Confronts Story in Face to Face"; Catherine Dawson and Moore's "Colonialism and Local Color in Outcast of the Islands and Lord Jim"; Allan Simmons's "Cinematic Fidelities in The Rover and The Dualists"; Tadeusz Miczka's "Literature, Painting, and Film: Wajda's Adaptation of The Shadow-Line"; Thomas Elsaesser and Michael Wedel's "The Hollow Heart of Hollywood: Apocalypse Now and the New Sound Space"; Herbert G. Klein's "Evil in Eden: On Vadim Glowna's Des Teufels Paradies"; Ted Billy's "The Secret Agent on the Small Screen"; Seymour Chatman's "2 1/2 Film Versions of Heart of Darkness"; Moor e's "A Conrad Filmography"; and Moore's "A Conrad Film Bibliography."

Moore, George B. Gertrude Stein's The Making of Americans. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.

Moore examines Gertrude Stein's The Making of Americans and its role in the development of her literary aesthetic. In addition to discussing the novel's critical reception, Moore explores Stein's use of repetition, her theories of art and human character, and her changing relationship to the concept of writing itself. Moore devotes particular attention to the psychological basis of Stein's theory of language in The Making of Americans.

Moretti, Franco. Signs Taken for Wonders: Essays in the Sociology of Literary Forms. Trans. Susan Fischer, David Forgacs, and David Miller. London: Verso, 1997.

Selections include: "The Soul and the Harpy: Reflections on the Aims and Methods of Literary Historiography"; "The Great Eclipse: Tragic Form as the Deconsecration of Sovereignty"; "Dialectic of Fear"; "Homo Palpitans: Balzac's Novels and Urban Personality"; "Clues"; "Kindergarten"; "The Long Goodbye: Ulysses and the End of Liberal Capitalism"; "From The Waste Land to the Artificial Paradise"; "The Spell of Indecision"; "The Moment of Truth"; and "On Literary Evolution."

Nadel, Ira B., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Ezra Pound. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Selections include: Nadel' s "Introduction: Understanding Pound"; George Bornstein's "Pound and the Making of Modernism"; Hugh Witemeyer's "Early Poetry, 1908-1920"; Daniel Albright's "Early Cantos I-XLI"; Ian F. A. Bell's "Middle Cantos XLII-LXXI"; Ronald Bush's "Late Cantos LXXII-CXVII"; Peter Nicholls's "Beyond The Cantos: Pound and American Poetry"; Richard Taylor's "The Texts of The Cantos"; Massimo Bacigalupo's "Pound as Critic"; Ming Xie's "Pound as Translator"; Reed Way Dasenbrock's "Pound and the Visual Arts"; Michael Ingham's "Pound and Music"; Tim Redman's "Pound's Politics and Economics"; Helen M. Dennis's "Pound, Women, and Gender"; and Wendy Flory's "Pound and Antisemitism."

Neill, Edward. The Politics of Jane Austen. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Neill argues that Jane Austen functions as a significant influence upon notions of England and Englishness. In addition to discussing Austen's contemporary critical reception and understanding, Neill argues that much Austen criticism has been fundamentally misdirected in terms of its conservative views of her concept of Englishness. Neill devotes particular attention to Austen biographies and filmic representations of her novels.

New, Melvyn, ed. Critical Essays on Laurence Sterne. New York: G. K. Hall, 1998.

Selections include: New's "Introduction: Four Faces of Laurence Sterne"; Jonathan Lamb's "Sterne's System of Imitation"; Anne Bandry's "Imitations of Tristram Shandy"; Stephen Soud's "'Weavers, Gardeners, and Gladiators': Labyrinths in Tristram Shandy"; Tom Keymer's "Narratives of Loss: Tristram Shandy and The Poems of Ossian"; Peter M. Briggs's "Locke's Essay and the Tentativeness of Tristram Shandy"; Everett Zimmerman's "Tristram Shandy and Narrative Representation"; New's "Sterne and the Narrative of Determinateness"; J. T. Parnell's "Swift, Sterne, and the Skeptical Tradition"; Michael Rosenblum's "Why What Happens in Shandy Hall Is Not 'A Matter for the Police"'; New's "Proust's Influence on Sterne: Remembrance of Things to Come"; Juliet McMaster's "Walter Shandy, Sterne, and Gender: A Feminist Foray"; Calvin Thomas's "Tristram Shandy's Consent to Incompleteness: Discourse, Disavowal, Disruption"; Paula Loscocco's "Can't Live Without 'Em: Walter Shandy and the Woman Within"; Madeleine Descargues's "A Sen timental Journey, or 'The Case of (In)delicacy"'; Elizabeth W. Harries's "Sterne's Novels: Gathering Up the Fragments"; Robert Markeley's "Sentimentality as Performance: Shaftesbury, Sterne, and the Theatrics of Virtue"; Elizabeth Kraft's "The Pentecostal Moment in A Sentimental Journey"; and Donald R. Wehrs's "Levinas and Sterne: From the Ethics of Face to the Aesthetics of Unrepresentability."

Newman, Robert, ed. Pedagogy, Praxis, Ulysses: Using Joyce's Text to Transform the Classroom. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1996.

Selections include: Newman's Introduction; Michael Patrick Gillespie's "'In the buginning is the woid': Opening Lines and the Protocols of Reading"; Kevin J. H. Dettmar's "Ulysses and the Preemptive Power of Plot"; Carol Shloss's "Teaching Joyce Teaching Kristeva: Estrangement in the Modern World"; Margaret Mills Harper's "Bread and Wine, Coke and Peanuts: Teaching Sacrificial Feasts"; Margot Norris's "Theater of the Mind: 'Circe' and Avant-Garde Form"; Susan Shaw Sailer's "Women in Rooms, Women in History"; Brian W. Shaffer's "Teaching Freud through 'Nausicaa"'; M. Keith Booker's "Decolonizing Literature: Ulysses and the Postcolonial Novel in English"; R. Brandon Kershner's "Teaching Howards End through Ulysses through Bakhtin"; Sheldon Brivic's "Dialogic Monologue, or Divided Discourse in Ulysses and Othello"; Roy Gottfried's "Reading the Text of Ulysses, 'Reading' Other 'Texts': Representation and the Limits of Visual and Verbal Narratives"; Archie K. Loss's "Ulysses, Cubism, and MTV"; Newman's "Discoverin g Body Tropes through Ulysses"; Craig Werner's "'Cyclops,' 'Sirens,' and the Myths of Multicultural Modernism"; E. P. Walkiewicz's "Ulysses, Order, Myth: Classification and Modern Literature"; Gregory L. Ulmer's "The Heuretics of Odyssey: Ulysses in Florida."

O'Toole, Tess. Genealogy and Fiction in Hardy: Family Lineage and Narrative Lines. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

O'Toole discusses Hardy's obsessive revisiting of the family history theme in his novels, short stories, and narrative poems. In addition to connecting Hardy's investment in genealogical themes to his interest in the coercive powers of narrative, O'Toole argues that Hardy's works interrogate various structures of genealogical narrative. O'Toole identifies a process of "narrative jamming" in Hardy's texts and defines this structure as the formal equivalent to the incest that often features in the family history novel.

Pearce, Lynne, and Gina Wisker, eds. Fatal Attractions: Rescripting Romance in Contemporary Literature and Film. London: Pluto, 1998.

Selections include: Pearce and Wisker's "Rescripting Romance: An Introduction"; Maria Lauret's "Hollywood Romance in the AIDS Era: Ghost and When Harry Met Sally"; Patsy Stoneman's "Jane Eyre in Later Lives: Intertextual Strategies in Women's Self-Definition"; Wisker's "If Looks Could Kill: Contemporary Women's Vampire Fictions"; Flora Alexander's "Prisons, Traps, and Escape Routes: Feminist Critiques of Romance"; Maroula Joannou's "Essentialy Virtuous?: Anita Brookner's Hotel du Lac as Generic Subversion"; Pearce's "Another Time, Another Place: the Chronotope of Romantic Love in Contemporary Feminist Fiction"; Judy Simons's "Rewriting the Love Story: The Reader as Writer in Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca"; Phyllis Creme's "Love Transforms: Variations on a Theme in Film and Soap"; Nickianne Moody's "Mills and Boon's Temptations: Sex and the Single Couple in the 1990s"; David Oswell's "True Love in Queer Times: Romance, Suburbia, and Masculinity"; Barbara Creed's "Abject Desire and Basic Instinct: A Tale of Cynic al Romance"; Paulina Palmer's "Girl Meets Girl: Changing Approaches to the Lesbian Romance"; and Derek Longhurst's "'The gotta do what they gotta do': Interrogating the Contradictions and Lasting Pleasures of Masculine Romance."

Pettit, Charles P. C., ed. Reading Thomas Hardy. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Pettit's Preface; Pamela Dalziel's "'She matched his violence with her own wild passion': Illustrating Far from the Madding Crowd"; Robert Schweik's "Less than Faithfully Presented: Fictions in Modern Commentaries on Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles"; John R. Doheny's "Characterization in Hardy's Jude the Obscure: The Function of Arabella"; Charles Lock's "Hardy Promises: The Dynasts and the Epic of Imperialism"; Michael Irwin's "From Fascination to Listlessness: Hardy's Depiction of Love"; Raymond Chapman's "'The Worthy Encompassed by the Inevitable': Hardy and a New Perception of Tragedy"; Phillip Mallett's "Hardy and Time"; Samuel Hynes's "How to Be an Old Poet: The Examples of Hardy and Yeats"; Joanna Cullen Brown's "Variations on Two Enigmas: Hardy, Elgar, and the Muses"; Ralph W. V. Elliott's "Thomas Hardy, Epistolarian"; Michael Millgate's "Distracted Preacher: Thomas Hardy's Public Utterances"; and Harold Orel's "The Wit and Wisdom of Thomas Hardy."

Potter, Lois, ed. Playing Robin Hood: The Legend as Performance in Five Centuries. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include: Potter's Introduction; Alexandra F. Johnston's ""The Robin Hood of the Records"; Edwin Davenport's "The Representation of Robin Hood in Elizabethan Drama: Georg a Greene and Edward I"; Jeffrey L. Singman's "Munday's Unruly Earl"; Michael Shapiro's "Cross-Dressing in Elizabethan Robin Hood Plays"; Max Harris's "Sweet Moll and Malinche: Maid Marian Goes to Mexico"; Natalie 0. Kononenko's "Clothes Unmake the Social Bandit: Sten'ka Razin and the Golyt'ba"; Yoshiko Ueno's "Robin Hood in Japan"; Stephen Knight's "'Quite Another Man': The Restoration of Robin Hood"; Potter's "The Apotheosis of Maid Marian: Tennyson's The Foresters and the Nineteenth-Century Theater"; and Katharine M. Morsberger and Robert E. Morsberger's "Robin Hood on Film: Can We Ever Again 'Make Them Like They Used To'?"

Potter, Lois, and Arthur F. Kinney, eds. Shakespeare, Text and Theater: Essays in Honor of Jay L. Halio. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1999.

Selections include: Stanley Wells's "The First Folio: Where Should We Be Without It?"; Susan Snyder's "'All we like sheep ...'"; George Walton Williams's "Still Babbling of Green Fields: Mr. Greenfields and the Twenty-Third Psalm"; Tom Clayton's "'So quick bright things come to confusin': or, What Else Was A Midsummer Night's Dream About?"; Donald W. Foster's "'The gift is small,/The will is all': Musing for Jay Halio"; Jerzy Limon's "A Polish Gentleman's Visit to London Theaters in 1820-1821"; Grace Tiffany's "How Revolutionary is Cross-Cast Shakespeare?: A Look at Five Contemporary Productions"; Avraham Oz's "Strands Too Far Remote: A Note on Translating the Political and the Politics of Translation"; Russell Jackson's "Beginning with Branagh: Romeo and Juliet, Hammersmith, 1986"; Marvin Rosenberg's "To Know a Shakespeare Character"; Richard Allan Davison's "The Readiness Was All: Ian Charleson and Richard Eyre's Hamlet"; H. R. Coursen's "Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead: The Film"; R. B. Pa rker's "Cori-Ollie-anus: Shakespeare's Last Tragedy and American Politics in 1988"; Peggy Munoz Simonds's "Staging The Tempest as an Alchemical Experiment in the Theater"; Alan C. Dessen's "Stage Directions as Evidence: The Question of Provenance"; Jill L. Levenson's "Show Business: The Editor in the Theater"; Laurie E. Maguire's "'Oh be some other name': Translating Romeo and Juliet"; Potter's "Humor Out of Breath: Francis Gentleman and the Henry IV Plays"; David Bevington's "Editing Informed by Performance History:

The Double Ending of Troilus and Cressida"; Alexander Leggatt's "Two Lears: Notes for an Actor"; and Kinney's "Staging The Comedy of Errors."

Roberts, Andrew Michael, ed. Joseph Conrad. New York: Longman, 1998.

Selections include: Raymond Williams's "Joseph Conrad"; Francis Mulhern's "English Reading"; Terence Cave's "Joseph Conrad: The Revenge of the Unknown"; Jeremy Hawthorn's "Seeing and Believing: Represented Thought and Speech in Conrad's Fiction"; Mark Wollaeger's "Skeptic Comedy and the Coercion of Character"; Chinua Achebe's "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness"; Chris Bongie's "A Man of the Last Hour"; Padmini Mongia's "'Ghosts of the Gothic': Spectral Women and Colonized Spaces in Lord Jim"; Nina Pelikan Straus's "The Exclusion of the Intended from Secret Sharing in Conrad's Heart of Darkness"; Wayne Koestenbaum's "Conrad's and Ford's Criminal Romance"; Fredric Jameson's "Romance and Reification: Plot Construction and Ideological Closure in Joseph Conrad"; Jim Reilly's "Stasis, Signs, and Speculation: Nostromo and History"; Allon White's "Joseph Conrad and the Rhetoric of Enigma"; and Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan's "The Failure of Textuality."

Rosen, Alan, ed. Celebrating Elie Wiesel: Stories, Essays, Reflections. Notre Dame: U of Notre Dame P, 1998.

Selections include: Alan M. Dershowitz's "Elie Wiesel: A Biblical Life"; Aaron Appelfeld's "As an Apple of the Eye"; Ariel Dorfman's "What I Always Knew"; Nancy Harrowitz's "From Mt. Sinai to the Holocaust: Primo Levi and the Crisis of Science in The Periodic Table"; Rosen's "The Specter of Eloquence: Reading the Survivor's Voice"; Maurice Friedman's "Kafka and Kundera: Two Voices from Prague"; Jeffrey Mehlman's "Translation and Violence: Legacies of Benjamin"; Joseph A. Polak's "Interpreting Catastrophe: Insights from the Halachic Literature on the Prague Fire of 1689"; Hillel Levine's "Rabbi Yose's Laundry: The History of a Flagrant Voice and the History of an Idea"; Nehemia Polen' s "Coming of Age in Kozienice: Malkah Shapiro's Memoir of Youth in the Sacred Space of a Hasidic Zaddik"; John K. Roth's "Helping Others to Be Free: Elie Wiesel and Talk about Religion in Public"; Dorothee Solle's "The Languages of Mysticism: Negation, Paradox, and Silence"; John Silber's "From Thebes to Auschwitz: Moral Responsi bility in Sophocles and Wiesel"; Reinhold Boschki's "Towards an Ethics of Remembrance after the Shoah"; Marguerite S. Lederberg's "Blaming the Victim: Can We Learn to Stop?--Cancer as the Battleground"; Steven T. Katz's "The Ache: A Re-Evaluation"; Per Ahlmark's "Is Democracy for Everybody?: A Swedish Perspective"; Irwin Cotler's "The Holocaust, Nuremberg, and Human Rights: Elie Wiesel and the Struggle against Injustice in Our Time"; Pnina LaHav' s "'Who Is a Jew': A Tale of Fathers and Daughters"; Joshua Lederberg's "Literacy, the Internet, and the Global Village"; Shlomo Breznitz's "The Holocaust Experience as a State of Mind"; Vaclav Havel's "In Memory of Our Holocaust Victims"; and Cynthia Ozick's Afterword.

Sasayama, Takashi, J. R. Mulryne, and Margaret Shewring, eds. Shakespeare and the Japanese Stage. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Mulryne's Introduction; Akihiko Senda's "The Rebirth of Shakespeare in Japan: From the 1960s to the 1990s"; Brian Powell's "One Man's Hamlet in 1911 Japan: The Bungei Kyokai Production in the Imperial Theater"; Dennis Kennedy and J. Thomas Rimer's "Koreya Senda and Political Shakespeare"; Mulryne's "The Perils and Profits of Interculturalism and the Theater Art of Tadashi Suzuki"; Shewring's "Hideki Noda's Shakespeare: The Languages of Performance"; Tetsuo Kishi's "Japanese Shakespeare and English Reviewers"; Tetsuo Anzai's "Directing King Lear in Japanese Translation"; Stephen Greenblatt's "Preface to the Japanese Translation of Renaissance Self- Fashioning"; Sasayama's "Tragedy and Emotion: Shakespeare and Chikamatsu"; Gerry Yokota-Murakami's "Conflicting Authorities: The Canonization of Zeami and Shakespeare"; Izumi Momose's "Shakespearean Drama and the Noh: Theatrum mundi and Nothingness"; Minoru Fujita's "Tradition and the Bunraku Adaptation of The Tempest"; Yoko Takakuwa's "The Perfo rmance of Gendered Identity in Shakespeare and Kabuki"; Yasunari Takahashi's "Kyogenising Shakespeare/Shakespeareanising Kyogen"; Takahashi's "The Braggart Samurai: A Kyogen Adaptation of The Merry Wives of Windsor"; Robert Hapgood's "A Playgoer's Journey from Shakespeare to Japanese Classical Theater and Back"; and Ryuta Minami's "Chronological Table of Shakespeare Productions in Japan, 1866-1994."

Shrayer, Maxim D. The World of Nabokov's Stories. Austin: U of Texas P, 1999.

Shrayer offers a comprehensive study of Nabokov's short fiction. In addition to assessing the influence of Anton Chekhov and Ivan Bunin upon Nabokov's literary aesthetic, Shrayer demonstrates the ways in which the writer self-consciously stylized himself as an American writer in exile from Russia. Drawing upon Nabokov's unpublished manuscripts and letters, Shrayer addresses such thematic issues in Nabokov's fictions as narrative closure and the nature of love.

Singh, Amritjit, Joseph Skerrett, Jr., and Robert E. Hogan, eds. Memory and Cultural Politics: New Approaches to American Ethnic Literatures. Boston: Northeastern UP, 1996.

Selections include: William Boelhower's "Ethnographic Politics: The Uses of Memory in Ethnic Fiction"; Jennifer Browdy de Hernandez's "The Plural Self: The Politicization of Memory and Form in Three American Ethnic Autobiographies"; Victoria Aarons's "Telling History: Inventing Identity in Jewish American Fiction"; Toby C. S. Langen's "Nostalgia and Ambiguity in Martha Lamont's 'Crow and Her Seagull Slaves'"; G. Thomas Couser's "Oppression and Repression: Personal and Collective Memory in Paule Marshall's Praisesong for the Widow and Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony"; Herman Beavers's "Tilling the Soil to Find Ourselves: Labor, Memory, and Identity in Ernest J. Gaines's Of Love and Dust"; Gurleen Grewal's "Memory and the Matrix of History: The Poetics of Loss and Recovery in Joy Kogawa's Obasan and Toni Morrison's Beloved"; Sandra G. Shannon's "The Role of Memory in August Wilson's Four-Hundred-Year Autobiography"; Sandra Pouchet Paquet's "Beyond Mimicry: The Poetics of Memory and Authenticity in Derek Walcott' s Another Life". David Palumbo-Liu's "The Politics of Memory: Remembering History in Alice Walker and Joy Kogawa"; Yiorgos Kalogeras's "Producing History and Telling Stories: Maxine Hong Kingston's China Men and Zeese Papanikolas's Buried Unsung"; Stan Yogi's "Yearning for the Past: The Dynamics of Memory in Sansei Internment Poetry"; Lisa Suhair Majaj's "Arab American Literature and the Politics of Memory"; Rafael Perez-Torres's "Feathering the Serpent: Chicano Mythic 'Memory'"; and A. Robert Lee's "Chicanismo as Memory: The Fictions of Rudolfo Anaya, Nash Candelaria, Sandra Cisneros, and Ron Arias."

Skei, Hans H. Reading Faulkner's Best Short Stories. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999.

Skei discusses Faulkner's often-neglected contributions to contemporary understandings of the short-story form. In addition to examining his development as a writer of short fiction, Skei offers close readings of twelve of Faulkner's most well-known tales. Skei concentrates on both Faulkner's short-story career and the scholarly studies of his work.

Stewart, Jack. The Vital Art of D. H. Lawrence. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1999.

Stewart argues that Lawrence expresses a painter's vision in words in his novels and short fiction. Drawing upon such works as Sons and Lovers and Women in Love, Stewart demonstrates the ways in which Lawrence's style relates to impressionism, expressionism, primitivism, and futurism. Stewart traces the influence of Beardsley's erotic drawings, among other artistic references, in Lawrence's use of urban impressionism in the London scenes of his fictions.

Thomasson, Amie L. Fiction and Metaphysics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Thomasson discusses the manner in which philosophers have traditionally treated fiction as involving a set of narrow problems in logic and the philosophy of language. In addition to arguing that fiction has far-reaching implications for central problems in metaphysics, Thomasson develops an "artifactual" theory of fiction in which fictional characters function as abstract artifacts that are as ordinary as laws, symphonies, or works of literature. Thomasson attempts to provide readers with an understanding of the difference between genuine and false parsimony, as well as with a basis for an adequate ontology of the everyday world.

Thompson, Andrew. George Eliot and Italy: Literary, Cultural, and Political Influences from Dante to the Risorgimento. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Thompson discusses the place of Italy in the fictions of George Eliot. In addition to examining Eliot's contact with Italian life and culture from 1840 to 1861, Thompson investigates Italian images in such works as "Mr. Gilfil's Love Story," Romola, and Felix Holt, among other narratives. Thompson explores the influence of Dante, Italian poetry, and Italian music upon Eliot's literary aesthetic.

Troost, Linda, and Sayre Greenfield, eds. Jane Austen in Hollywood. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1998.

Selections include: Troost and Greenfield's "Introduction: Watching Ourselves Watching"; Rachel M. Brownstein's "Out of the Drawing Room, Onto the Lawn"; Cheryl L. Nixon's "Balancing the Courtship Hero: Masculine Emotional Display in Film Adaptations of Austen's Novels"; Rebecca Dickson's "Misrepresenting Jane Austen's Ladies: Revising Texts (and History) to Sell Films"; Carole M. Dole's "Austen, Class, and the American Market"; Amanda Collins's "Jane Austen, Film, and the Pitfalls of Postmodern Nostalgia"; H. Elisabeth Ellington's "'A Correct Taste in Landscape': Pemberley as Fetish and Commodity"; Lisa Hopkins's "Mr. Darcy's Body: Privileging the Female Gaze"; Suzanne Ferriss's "Emma Becomes Clueless"; Nora Nachumi's "'As If!': Translating Austen's Ironic Narrator to Film"; M. Casey Diana's "Emma Thompson's Sense and Sensibility as Gateway to Austen's Novel"; Kristin Flieger Samuelian's "'Piracy Is Our Only Option': Postfeminist Intervention in Sense and Sensibility"; Devoney Looser's "Feminist Implications of the Silver Screen Austen"; and Deborah Kaplan's "Mass Marketing Jane Austen: Men, Women, and Courtship in Two Film Adaptations."

Van Cromphout, Gustaaf. Emerson's Ethics. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1999.

Van Cromphout offers a detailed and philosophically grounded discussion of Emerson's moral thought. In addition to providing a comprehensive study of Emerson's ethics within the context of ethical theory, Van Cromphout discusses the mature Emerson's attempt to establish ethics on a surer foundation than the religion inherited from his precursors. Van Cromphout devotes particular attention to the manner in which Emerson was influenced by Kant's moral thought.

Vlock, Deborah. Dickens, Novel Reading, and the Victorian Popular Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Vlock examines the role of the theater in the production and evolution of Dickens's narratives. In addition to arguing that novels and novel readers found their origins in the popular theater of the Victorian era, Vlock explores the possibility that the reading culture was conditioned by the culture of the nineteenth-century stage. Vlock reconstructs the conditions via which Dickens's novel were initially received.

Weston, Ruth D. Barry Hannah: Postmodern Romantic. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1998.

Weston provides readers with new explications of Barry Hannah's fictive world. In addition to reading Hannah as a romantic writer who is nostalgic and possessed of a great sadness mixed with intense optimism, Weston identifies four major themes in Hannah's fictions, including adolescent initiation; a search for self; an interest in characters with distorted visions and lives; and an intertextual relation to a panorama of literary genres and styles.

White, Hayden. Figural Realism: Studies in the Mimesis Effect. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1999.

Selections include: "Literary Theory and Historical Writing"; "Historical Emplotment and the Problem of Truth in Historical Representation"; "Formalist and Contextualist Strategies in Historical Explanation"; "The Modernist Event"; "Auerbach's Literary History: Figural Causation and Modernist Historicism"; "Freud's Tropology of Dreaming"; "Narrative, Description, and Tropology in Proust"; and "Form, Reference, and Ideology in Musical Discourse."

Widdowson, Peter. On Thomas Hardy: Late Essays and Earlier. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: "Thomas Hardy: A Partial Portrait"; "Hardy in History: A Case-Study in the Sociology of Literature"; Hardy and Social Class: The Hand of Ethelberta"; "Hardy's 'Quite Worthless' Novel: A Laodicean"; "'Moments of Vision': Postmodernizing Tess of the d'Urbervilles; or, Tess of the d'Urbervilles Faithfully Presented by Peter Widdowson"; "Recasting Hardy the Poet"; "Arabella and the Satirical Discourse in Jude the Obscure"; and "Postscript: The Film of Jude."

Wolfreys, Julian. Writing London: The Trace of the Urban Text from Blake to Dickens. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Wolfreys discusses the ways in which nineteenth-century writers dealt with the phenomenon of London. In addition to examining the manner in which they perceived the city and its excesses and chaos, Wolfreys explores London's role in shaping modern literary conceptions and representations of urban space, as well as its effects on our lives as city-dwellers. Wolfreys reads works by such figures as Blake, Dickens, Shelley, Barbauld, Byron, De Quincey, Engels, and Wordsworth, among others.

Wong, Sau-ling Cynthia, ed. Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior: A Casebook. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.

Selections include: Wong's Introduction; Ya-Jie Zhang's "A Chinese Woman's Response to Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior"; Frank Chin's "The Most Popular Book in China"; Wong's "Autobiography as Guided Chinatown Tour?: Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warriorand the Chinese American Autobiography Controversy"; Sidonie Smith's "Filiality and Woman's Autobiographical Storytelling"; Leslie W. Rabine's "No Lost Paradise: Social Gender and Symbolic Gender in the Writings of Maxine Hong Kingston"; KingKok Cheung's "The Woman Warrior versus the Chinaman Pacific: Must a Chinese American Critic Choose between Feminism and Heroism?"; Amy Ling's "Chinese American Women Writers: The Tradition behind Maxine Hong Kingston"; and Reed Way Dasenbrock's "Intelligibility and Meaningfulness in Multicultural Literature in English."

Wood, James. The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief. New York: Random House, 1999.

Selections include: "Introduction: The Limits of Not Quite"; "Sir Thomas More: A Man for One Season"; "Jane Austen's Heroic Consciousness"; "The All and the If: God and Metaphor in Melville"; "Half against Flaubert"; "Gogol's Realism"; "What Chekhov Meant by Life"; "Knut Hamsun's Christian Perversions"; "Virginia Woolf's Mysticism"; "Thomas Mann: The Master of the Not Quite"; "D. H. Lawrence's Occultism"; "T. S. Eliot's Christian Anti-Semitism"; George Steiner's Unreal Presence"; "Iris Murdoch's Philosophy of Fiction"; "Thomas Pynchon and the Problem of Allegory"; "Against Paranoia: The Case of Don DeLillo"; "John Updike's Complacent God"; "The Monk of Fornication: Philip Roth's Nihilism"; "Toni Morrison's False Magic"; "Julian Barnes and the Problem of Knowing Too Much"; "W. G. Sebald's Uncertainty"; and "The Broken Estate: The Legacy of Ernest Renan and Matthew Arnold."

(5) Feminist and Gender Studies

Adamson, Judith. Charlotte Haldane: Woman Writer in a Man's World. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Adamson offers a biography of the life and work of Charlotte Haldane, an ardent feminist during the 1930s and an active member of the British Communist Party. In addition to discussing Haldane's work as Britain's first female war correspondent, Adamson examines Haldane's relationships with such figures as Malcolm Lowry, Martin Case, and John Davenport, among others. Adamson provides close readings of Haldane's novels and journalism in her study.

Alderson, David. Mansex Fine: Religion, Manliness, and Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century British Culture. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998.

Alderson explores the ideological relations between religion, gender, and nation in nineteenth-century Britain. Using the works of such figures as Jane Austen, Charles Kingsley, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Oscar Wilde, among others, Alderson examines the interconnections between manliness and Catholicism. Alderson also discusses the resulting tensions between manliness and same-sex desire within the context of religion and revolution.

Amussen, Susan D., and Adele Seeff, eds. Attending to Early Modern Women. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Selections include: Natalie Zemon Davis's "Displacing and Displeasing: Writing about Women in the Early Modern Period"; Josephine A. Roberts's "The Phallacies of Authorship: Reconstructing the Texts of Early Modern Women Writers"; Mary Elizabeth Perry's "Weaving with Clio and Moriscas of Early Modern Spain"; Corine Schleif's "The Roles of Women in Challenging the Canon of 'Great Master' Art History"; Diane Wolfthal's "Women's Community and Male Spies: Erhard Schon's How Seven Women Complain about Their Worthless Husbands"; Ann Rosalind Jones's "Apostrophes to Cities: Urban Rhetorics in Isabella Whitney and Moderata Fonte"; Catharine Randall's "Positioning Herself: A Renaissance-Reformation Diptych"; David Underdown's "Yellow Ruffs and Poisoned Possets: Placing Women in Early Stuart Political Debate"; Jane Donawerth's "Changing Our Originary Stories: Renaissance Women on Education, and Conversation as a Model for Our Classrooms"; Sheila Ffolliott's "Putting Women into the Picture: Gender and Art History in the Classroom"; and Merry Wiesner-Hanks's "The Hubris of Writing Surveys, or A Feminist Confronts the Textbook."

Armstrong, Isobel, and Virginia Blain, eds. Women's Poetry in the Enlightenment: The Making of a Canon, 1730-1820. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Armstrong and Blain's Introduction; Margaret Anne Doody's "Sensuousness in the Poetry of Eighteenth-Century Women Poets"; David Shuttleton's '"All Passion Extinguish'd': The Case of Mary Chandler, 1687-1745"; Lisa A. Freeman's "'A Dialogue': Elizabeth Carter's Passion for the Female Mind"; Isobel Grundy's "Mary Seymour Montague: Anonymity and 'Old Satyrica] Codes"'; Anne K. Mellor's "The Female Poet and the Poetess: Two Traditions of British Women's Poetry, 1780-1830"; Maggie Favretti's "The Politics of Vision: Anna Barbauld's 'Eighteent Hundred and Eleven"; Mary Waldron's "'This Muse-Born Wonder': The Occluded Voice of Ann Yearsley, Milkwoman and Poet of Clifton"; Roger Sales's "The Maid and the Minister's Wife: Literary Philanthropy in Regency York"; Stuart Curran's "Romantic Women Poets: Inscribing the Self'; Kate Lilley's Homosocial Women: Martha Sansom, Constantia Grierson, Mary Leapor, and Georgic Verse Epistle"; Judith Hawley's "Charlotte Smith's Elegaic Sonnets: Losses and Gains"; and Elizabeth Eger's "Fashioning a Female Canon: Eighteenth-Century Women Poets and the Politics of the Anthology."

Armstrong, Isobel, and Virginia Blain, eds. Women's Poetry, Late Romantic to Victorian: Gender and Genre, 1830-1900. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Selections include: Armstrong and Blain's Introduction; Armstrong's "Msrepresentation: Codes of Affect and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Women's Poetry"; Cheryl Walker's "The Whip Signature: Violence, Feminism, and Women Poets"; Yopie Prins's "Personifying the Poetess: Caroline Norton, 'The Picture of Sappho"'; Paula R. Feldman's "The Poet and the Profits: Felicia Hemans and the Literary Marketplace"; Cynthia Lawford's "Bijoux Beyond Possession: The Prima Donnas of L.E.L.'s Album Poems"; Linda H. Peterson's "Rewriting A History of the Lyre: Letitia Landon, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and the (Re)Construction of the Ninteenth-Century Woman Poet"; Blain's "Sexual Politics of the (Victorian) Closet; or, No Sex Please--We're Poets"; Robert P. Fletcher's "'I ]eave a page half-writ': Narrative Discoherence in Michael Field's Underneath the Bough"; Emma Francis's "Amy Levy: Contradictions?--Feminism and Semitic Discourse"; Meenakshi Mukherjee's "Hearing Her Own Voice: Defective Acoustics in Colonial India"; Edward Marx's "Reviving Laurence Hope"; Tricia Lootens's "Hemans and Her American Heirs: Nineteenth-Century Women's Poetry and National Identity"; Cynthia Scheinberg's "'Measure to yourself a prophet's place': Biblical Heroines, Jewish Difference, and Women's Poetry"; Kathryn Burlinson's '"All mouth and trousers': Christina Rossetti's Grotesque and Abjected Bodies"; Linda E. Marshall's "Mysteries Beyond Angels in Christina Rossetti's From House to Home"; Helen Groth's "Victorian Women Poets and Scientific Narratives"; Gill Gregory's "Adelaide Procter: A Poetics of Reserve and Passion"; Kathleen Hickok's "Why Is This Woman Still Missing: Emily Pfeiffer, Victorian Poet"; and Cora Kaplan's "Endnote."

Bassard, Katherine Clay. Spiritual Interrogations: Culture, Gender, and Community in Early African American Women's Writing. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1999.

Bassard explores the works of early African American women writers in terms of such issues as culture, gender, and community. In addition to discussing the works of such writers as Phillis Wheatley, Ann Plato, and Rebecca Cox Jackson, among others, Bassard investigates the interconnections between African American cultures and subjectivity. Bassard also examines itinerancy and intertextuality in Jarena Lee's spiritual narratives.

Bell, Ilona. Elizabethan Women and the Poetry of Courtship. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Bell provides readers with a study of lyric form and social custom in the Elizabeth age, particularly in terms of the lives of Renaissance-era women. In addition to analyzing the tendency of Elizabethan love poems to function in the act of courtship itself, Bell focuses on the romantic relationships between Elizabethan men and women. Bell devotes special attention to the emergence of an early modern female lyric tradition.

Bennett, Barbara. Comic Visions, Female Voices: Contemporary Women Novelists and Southern Humor. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1998.

Bennett demonstrates the ways in which Southern women writers employ humor as a means for challenging social, cultural, and textual boundaries. Drawing upon the works of such writers as Anne Tyler, Lee Smith, Alice Walker, Doris Betts, Gail Godwin, Ellen Gilchrist, Bobbie Ann Mason, and Kaye Gibbons, Bennett explores the manner in which humor defines each writer's notion of voice, theme, and tone. Bennett argues that humor functions for these writers as a means for undermining the nature of traditional relationships while simultaneously affirming notions of self and family.

Bilger, Audrey. Laughing Feminism: Subversive Comedy in Frances Burney, Maria Edgeworth, and Jane Austen. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1998.

Bilger argues that Frances Burney, Maria Edgeworth, and Jane Austen used comedy in order to scrutinize the subjected prejudices against women in order to expose their absurdity and encourage readers to laugh at the folly of sexist views. Drawing upon recent insights in feminist criticism and comic theory, Bilger demonstrates the manner in which these writers made fun of conduct literature, male authority figures, and courtship practices. Bilger reveals the ways in which they employed satire, burlesque, and parody to challenge the hegemony of the patriarchy.

Billingslea-Brown, Alma Jean. Crossing Borders through Folklore: African American Women's Fiction and Art. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1998.

Billingslea-Brown explores the nature of black women's artistic sensibilities. Drawing upon works by such writers as Toni Morrison, Paule Marshall, Faith Ringgold, and Betye Saar, among others, Billingslea-Brown examines the relationship between vernacular folk culture and formal expression. Billingslea-Brown contends that the writers in her study employed folklore as a strategy for crossing artistic, cultural, and gender boundaries.

Burgett, Bruce. Sentimental Bodies: Sex, Gender, and Citizenship in the Early Republic. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Burgett employs the literary public sphere as a means for discussing sentimentalism, sex, the construction of the modern body, and the origins of American liberalism. Using texts by such figures as George Washington, Charles Brockden Brown, Hannah Foster, and Harriet Jacobs, among others, Burgett examines the nature of the sentimental literary culture of the early republic. Burgett argues that writers of the era relied upon their readers' affective, passionate, and embodied responses to fictive characters and situations in order to produce political effects.

Burt, Richard. Unspeakable Shaxxxspeares: Queer Theory and Kiddie American Culture. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Burt examines the wide range of adaptations, spin-offs, and citations of Shakespeare's plays in the popular culture of the 1990s. Drawing upon the insights of gender studies and queer theory, Burt discusses the manner in which Shakespeare has emerged as a popular icon among contemporary film, television, video, and electronic media. Burt devotes particular attention to the ways in which youth culture interprets the works of Shakespeare.

Cervetti, Nancy. Scenes of Reading: Transforming Romance in Bronte, Eliot, and Woolf. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.

Cervetti combines biography, literature, and cultural and feminist theory in a critique of the patriarchy as depicted in the works of Charlotte Bronte, George Eliot, and Virginia Woolf. In addition to discussing the ways in which such writers revise the romance plot, Cervetti examines their creation of worlds in which female heroines experiment with other possibilities. Cervetti demonstrates the manner in which these writers challenge and transform reductive views of women.

Cohen, Monica Feinberg. Professional Domesticity in the Victorian Novel: Women, Work, and Home. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Cohen explores the widening of the gender gap that occurred during the nineteenth century. Using works by such figures as Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Margaret Oliphant, among others, Cohen demonstrates the ways in which domestic activity gained much of its social credibility in relation to other professions. Cohen traces the manner in which women sought identity and privilege within the professionalized culture of Victorian domesticity.

Conde, Mary, and Thorunn Lonsdale, eds. Caribbean Women Writers: Fiction in English. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Selections include: Beryl Gilroy's "Reflections"; Velma Pollard's "The Most Important Reason I Write"; Merle Collins's "Writing Fiction, Writing Reality"; Vernella Fuller's "The Development of My Art as a Fiction Writer"; Lonsdale's "Literary Allusion in the Fiction of Jean Rhys"; Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson's "Perceptions of Place: Geopolitical and Cultural Positioning in Paule Marshall's Novels"; Denise deCaires Narain's "The Body of the Woman in the Body of the Text: The Novels of Erna Brodber"; Alison Donnell's "The Short Fiction of Olive Senior"; Sarah Lawson Welsh's "Pauline Melville's Shape-Shifting Fictions"; Laura Niesen de Abruna' s "Jamaica Kincaid's Writing and the Maternal-Colonial Matrix"; Adele S. Newson's "The Fiction of Zee Edgell"; and Charlotte Sturgess's "Dionne Brand: Writing the Margins."

Cutter, Martha J. Unruly Tongue: Identity and Voice in American Women's Writing, 1850-1930. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1999.

Cutter discusses the manner in which women writers found their writerly voices in a profession dominated largely by white male speakers. Drawing upon works by such figures as Fanny Fern, Harriet Wilson, Louisa May Alcott, Mary Wilkins Freeman, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Kate Chopin, among others, Cutter explores the ways in which these writers adopted voices that are self-consciously maternal, feminine, and ethnic. Cutter investigates the manner in which these women writers disrupted the link between masculinity and voice, thus creating new forms of language that empowered them and their female characters,

Daileader, Celia R. Eroticism on the Renaissance Stage: Transcendence, Desire, and the Limits of the Visible. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Daileader investigates the paradoxes of eroticism on stage in early modern England. In addition to demonstrating the manner in which women and their bodies were materially absent and yet symbolically central, Daileader explores the theoretical dilemmas of sexual acts that take place offstage. Daileader focuses on the interconnections between absence and desire in dramatic works from the Corpus Christi plays through Shakespeare.

Devlin, Kimberly J., and Marilyn Reizbaum, eds. Ulysses: En-Gendered Perspectives: Eighteen New Essays on the Episodes. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999.

Selections include: Garry Leonard's "'A Little Trouble about Those White Corpuscles': Mockery, Heresy, and the Transubstantiation of Masculinity in 'Telemachus'"; Robert Spoo's "Genders of History in 'Nestor'"; Cheryl Herr's "Old Wives' Tales as Portals of Discovery in 'Proteus'"; Carol Shloss's "Milly, Molly, and the Mullingar Photo Shop: Developing Negatives in 'Calypso'"; Maud Ellmann's "Skinscapes in 'Lotus-Eaters'"; Devlin's "Visible Shades and Shades of Visibility: The En-Gendering of Death in 'Hades'"; Patrick McGee's "Machines, Empire, and the Wise Virgins: Cultural Revolution in 'Aeolus'"; Karen Lawrence's "Legal Fiction or Pulp Fiction in 'Lestrygonians'"; Joseph Valente's "The Perils of Masculinity in 'Scylla and Charybdis'"; Bonnie Kime Scott's "Diversions from Mastery in 'Wandering Rocks'"; Jules Law's "Political Sirens"; Reizbaum's "When the Saints Come Marching In: Re-Deeming 'Cyclops'"; John Bishop's "A Metaphysics of Coitus in 'Nausicaa'"; Enda Duffy's "Interesting States: Birthing and the Na tion in 'Oxen of the Sun'"; Margot Norris's "Disenchanting Enchantment: The Theatrical Brothel of 'Circe'"; Colleen Lamos's "The Double Life of 'Eumaeus'"; Vicki Mahaffey's "Sidereal Writing: Male Refractions and Malefactions in 'Ithaca'"; and Christine Van Boheemen's "Molly's Heavenly Body and the Economy of the Sign: The Invention of Gender in 'Penelope.'"

Donovan, Josephine. Women and the Rise of the Novel, 1405-1726. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Donovan discusses the role of women writers in the emergence of early modern fiction. Drawing upon texts by such writers as Christine de Pizan and Jane Austen, among others, Donovan traces women's literary traditions from the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Using the insights of feminist criticism, Mikhail M. Bakhtin, and Iris Murdoch, Donovan explores the manner in which early modern women writers drew upon the theological method of casuistry.

Dusinberre, Juliet. Virginia Woolf's Renaissance: Woman Reader or Common Reader? New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Dusinberre traces the ways in which feminist scholarship has reconceived our understanding of Virginia Woolf as socially aware, a radical critic, and a polemical writer. Through her readings of various works of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature, Dusinberre argues that Woolf constructed a Renaissance both for herself and other women writers of her generation and beyond. Dusinberre devotes particular attention to such issues as printing, the body, and the relationship between amateur and professional writers.

Elfenbein, Andrew. Romantic Genius: The Prehistory of a Homosexual Role. New York: Columbia UP, 1999.

Elfenbein traces images of effeminates, geniuses, and homosexuals throughout the Romantic literary canon. Drawing upon the insights of contemporary gay and lesbian studies, Elfenbein explores the interconnections between lesbianism and the nature of Romantic genius. Using works by such figures as William Beckford, William Blake, and Anne Bannerman, among others, Elfenbein examines the experiences of homosexuals during the Romantic era.

Ellis, Lorna. Appearing to Diminish: Female Development and the British Bildungsroman, 1750-1850. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1999.

Ellis focuses upon the history of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British female Bildungsroman, particularly in terms of the ways in which it often fuses female power and autonomy with a conservative reintegration with society. Drawing upon the works of such writers as Jane Austen and George Eliot, among others, Ellis discusses the manner in which such novelists combine socially conservative plots with feminist critiques of society. Ellis contends that the female Bildungsroman finds its origins in the notion of individual subjectivity.

Fand, Roxanne J. The Dialogic Self: Reconstructing Subjectivity in Woolf, Lessing, and Atwood. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1999.

Fand examines the dilemma of the female subject via which women claim empowerment and the right to authorize themselves. Drawing upon the dialogic theories of Mikhail M. Bakhtin, Fand traces the moderating self-narrator inherent in works by Virginia Woolf, Doris Lessing, and Margaret Atwood. Fand demonstrates the ways in which each writer formulates her dialogic view of subjectivity and considers her own historical moment in feminism.

Frantzen, Allen J. Before the Closet: Same-Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Frantzen challenges the historical viewpoint that the early Middle Ages tolerated same-sex relations and that intolerance of homosexuality developed during the later medieval period. Using a variety of works from Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier through Kushner's Angels in America, Frantzen places same-sex relations in Anglo-Saxon narratives in context with contemporary opera, dance, and theater. Frantzen employs the figure of the shadow to represent the coexistence of homosexual and heterosexual relations during the Middle Ages.

Gates, Barbara T. Kindred Nature: Victorian and Edwardian Women Em brace the Living World. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Gates explores the role of Victorian and Edwardian women in the fictive construction of the living, natural world. Drawing upon works by such writers as Anna Bonus Kingsford, Rosa Frances Swiney, and Florence Douglas Dixie, among others, Gates discusses the ways in which such writers transformed the nature of the feminine sublime and "aestheticized" nature. Gates devotes particular attention to these writers' attempts to depict animals, nature, and spirituality in their fictions.

Gladstein, Mimi Reisel, and Chris Matthew Sciabarra, eds. Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand. University Park: Penn State Up, 1999.

Selections include: Gladstein and Sciabarra's Introduction; Barbara Branden's "Ayn Rand: The Reluctant Feminist"; Gladstein's "Ayn Rand and Feminism: An Unlikely Alliance"; Judith Wilt's "On Atlas Shrugged"; Susan Brownmiller's "Ayn Rand: A Traitor to Her Own Sex"; Barbara Grizzuti Harrison's "Psyching Out Ayn Rand"; Camille Paglia's "Reflections on Ayn Rand"; Valerie LoiretPrunet's "Ayn Rand and Feminist Synthesis: Rereading We the Living"; Barry Vacker's "Skyscrapers, Supermodels, and Strange Attractors: Ayn Rand, Naomi Wolf, and the Third Wave Aesthos"; Wendy McElroy's "Looking through a Paradigm Darkly"; Wilt's "The Romances of Ayn Rand"; Karen Michalson's "Who Is Dagny Taggart?: The Epic Hero/me in Disguise"; Nathaniel Branden's "Was Ayn Rand a Feminist?"; Joan Kennedy Taylor's "Ayn Rand and the Concept of Feminism: A Reclamation"; Sharon Presley's "Ayn Rand's Philosophy of Individualism: A Feminist Psychologist's Perspective"; Susan Love Brown's "Ayn Rand: The Woman Who Would Not Be President"; Robert S heaffer's "Rereading Rand on Gender in the Light of Paglia"; Diana Mertz Brickell's "Sex and Gender through an Egoist Lens: Masculinity and Femininity in the Philosophy of Ayn Rand"; Thomas Gramstad's "The Female Hero: A Randian-Feminist Synthesis"; and Melissa Jane Hardie's "Fluff and Granite: Rereading Rand's Camp Feminist Aesthetics."

Grossman, Marshall, ed. Aemilia Lanyer: Gender, Genre, and the Canon. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1998.

Selections include: David Bevington's "A. L. Rowse's Dark Lady"; Leeds Barroll's "Looking for Patrons"; Barbara K. Lewalski's "Seizing Discourses and Reinventing Genres"; Kari Boyd McBride's "Sacred Celebration: The Patronage Poems"; Susanne Woods's "Vocation and Authority: Born to Write"; Janel Mueller's "The Feminist Poetics of 'Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum"'; Grossman's "The Gendering of Genre: Literary History and the Canon"; Naomi J. Miller's "(M)other Tongues: Maternity and Subjectivity"; Michael Morgan Holmes's "The Love of Other Women: Rich Chains and Sweet Kisses"; Achsah Guibbory's "The Gospel According to Aemilia: Women and the Sacred"; Boyd Berry's "'Pardon ... though I have digrest': Digression as Style in 'Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum"'; and Karen Nelson's "Annotated Bibliography: Texts and Criticism of Aemilia Bassano Lanyer."

Guthke, Karl S. The Gender of Death: A Cultural History in Art and Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Guthke explores the ways in which various cultures, eras, and literatures often represent death as a man, while others present death as a woman. Arguing that these language choices are neither arbitrary nor accidental, Guthke discusses the nature of death and its interconnections with our perceptions of the Western self in its cultural, intellectual, and literary contexts. Guthke reviews contemporary understandings of death in art and literature as a figure of powerful psychological and social connotations.

Gygax, Franziska. Gender and Genre in Gertrude Stein. Westport: Greenwood, 1998.

Gygax traces the roles of gender and genre in the life and work of Gertrude Stein. In addition to examining such works as The Making of Americans and Ladies' Voices, among others, Gygax assesses such issues in Stein's narratives as the family, motherhood, and the self. Gygax devotes particular attention to Stein's approach to composition, especially the manner in which she constructed and rearranged her manuscripts.

Hoeveler, Diane Long. Gothic Feminism: The Professionalization of Gender from Charlotte Smith to the Brontes. University Park: Penn State UP, 1998.

Hoeveler examines the ways in which British women writers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries defined how they experienced their era's social and economic upheaval. Drawing upon the works of such writers as Charlotte Smith, Ann Radcliffe, Jane Austen, Mary Shelley, and the Brontes, Hoeveler discusses these writers' role in the popularization of a new style of bourgeois female sensibility. Hoeveler contends that the female-created literary ideology of "victim feminism" emerged as the Gothic novel helped women as they adjusted to this new bourgeois order.

Hofkosh, Sonia. Sexual Politics and the Romantic Author. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Hofkosh explores the role of gender in Romanticism's defining paradigms of authorship. In addition to examining a range of early nineteenth-century cultural materials from canonical poetry and critical prose to women's magazines and gift-book engravings, Hofkosh discusses the works of such figures as Jane Austen, William Hazlitt, Mary Shelley, and William Wordsworth, among others. Hofkosh argues that the Romantic author's claim to individual agency is complicated by its articulation in a market system perceived to be impelled in large part by fantasies of female desire.

Hogan, Anne, and Andrew Bradstock, eds. Women of Faith in Victorian Culture: Reassessing the Angel in the House. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Hogan and Bradstock's Introduction; Henrietta Twycross-Martin's "The Drunkard, the Brute, and the Paterfamilias: The Temperance Fiction of the Early Victorian Writer Sarah Stickney Ellis"; Siv Jansson's "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall: Rejecting the Angel's Influence"; Peter Merchant's "Double Blessedness: Anna Kingsford and Beatrice"; Frederick S. Roden's "Sisterhood Is Powerful: Christina Rossetti's Maude"; Joss West-Burnham's "Fedalma-'The Angel of a Homeless Tribe': Issues of Religion, Race, and Gender in George Eliot's Poetic Drama, The Spanish Gypsy"; Hogan's "Angel or Eve?: Victorian Catholicism and the Angel in the House"; Terry Phillips's "From Hearth to Heath: Angelic Transformations in May Sinclair's Major Novels"; William Gray's "The Angel in the House of Death: Gender and Subjectivity in George MacDonald's Lilith"; J. R. Watson's "Quiet Angels: Some Women Hymn-Writers"; Linda Wilson's "Nonconformist Obituaries: How Stereotyped Was Their View of Women?"; Carol Marie Engelhardt's "The Paradigmatic Angel in the House: The Virgin Mary and Victorian Anglicans"; Sean Gill's "Heroines of Missionary Adventure: The Portrayal of Victorian Women Missionaries in Popular Fiction and Biography"; Susan P. Casteras's "The Victorian Lady's Domestic Threat: The Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent Female Adversary in Contemporary Art"; and Sue Morgan's "The Power of Womanhood: Relig ion and Sexual Politics in the Writings of Ellice Hopkins."

Ingman, Heather. Women's Fiction between the Wars: Mothers, Daughters, and Writing. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Ingman traces the historical context of women's fiction between the wars through her analyses of works by such figures as Elizabeth Bowen, Rose Macaulay, Jean Rhys, Virginia Woolf, and Dorothy Richardson, among others. In addition to exploring various psychological theories of motherhood, Ingman examines the depiction of mothers and daughters in twentieth-century women's fiction.

Keroes, Jo. Tales Out of School: Gender, Longing, and the Teacher in Fiction and Film. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1999.

Drawing upon a wide range of historical literatures and genres, Keroes examines the manner in which works of fiction and film often depict the teaching encounter as an essentially erotic experience. In addition to tracing the roots of eros from cultural as well as psychological perspectives, Keroes discusses the manner in which teachers function as convenient figures on whom to express conflicts about gender, power, and desire, among other issues. Keroes devotes particular attention to the depiction of teachers as seducers, saviors, sages, fools, rebels, and victims of the system.

Knights, Ben. Writing Masculinities: Male Narratives in Twentieth-Century Fiction. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Knights demonstrates the ways in which narratives provide one of the central modes in which we develop our sense of ourselves as gendered entities. In addition to arguing that an engagement with literary texts can offer insight into the construction of gender norms, Knights explores the performance of masculinity in a variety of works by such figures as D. H. Lawrence, Joseph Conrad, Graham Swift, James Kelman, John Fowles, David Leavitt, and Ian McEwan.

Knoepflmacher, U. C. Ventures into Childland: Victorians, Fairy Tales, and Femininity. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Knoepflmacher discusses the manner in which Victorian writers revised Romantic notions of childhood. Drawing upon the works of such writers as William Makepeace Thackeray, George MacDonald, and Lewis Carroll, among others, Knoepflmacher traces the literary history of British children's narratives from the 1850s through the 1870s. Knoepflmacher addresses the fictive treatment of young girls in terms of the ways in which their depictions blur sexual differences and appropriate various aspects of femininity.

Lange, Robert. Gender Identity and Madness in the Nineteenth-Century Novel. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen, 1998.

Lange examines the depiction of masculinity in a variety of works by such, authors as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles Dickens, Herman Melville, Frank Norris, H. G. Wells, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Joseph Conrad, among others. Lange devotes particular attention to the manner in which such writers explore the interconnections between gender and madness in their fictions.

Lara, Maria Pia. Moral Textures: Feminist Narratives in the Public Sphere. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998.

Lara traces the history of the feminist struggle through readings of the works of a wide range of women writers. Lara argues that such writers employed the public discourse of fiction in order to become, often for the first time, active subjects in their own stories. Drawing upon the insights of feminist, historical, and literary criticism, Lara examines the manner in which narratives transform the individual identities of women.

Lassner, Phyllis. British Women Writers of World War II: Battlegrounds of Their Own. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Lassner examines the ways in which various women writers debated the "justness" of the Second World War during the 1930s and 1940s. Drawing upon works by such writers as Virginia Woolf, Elizabeth Bowen, Stevie Smith, Storm Jameson, and Phyllis Bottome, among others, Lassner questions prevailing critical approaches to the subject of women and war. Lassner calls into question a variety of political labels, particularly the nature of such concepts as liberal and conservative.

Levine, Nina S. Women's Matters: Politics, Gender, and Nation in Shakespeare's Early History Plays. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Levine reassesses attitudes toward ruling and unruly women in late sixteenth-century England. In addition to exploring various works by Shakespeare within their historical and literary contexts, Levine argues that Shakespeare's inclusion of women in history allows him to frame questions of state power and national identity in gendered terms. Levine contends that Shakespeare's attention to the attitudes and experiences of his female characters invite a form of skepticism about Elizabethan notions of gender and power.

Lindemann, Marilee. Willa Cather: Queering America. New York: Columbia UP, 1999.

Drawing upon recent insights in gay and lesbian studies, Lindemann discusses depictions of the body in the novels of Willa Cather. Lindemann explores the interconnections between body-building and nation-building in Cather's fiction. In addition to examining the nature of the culture wars during the 1920s, Lindemann assesses Cather's role in the evolution of the literary history of the United States.

Linkin, Harriet Kramer, and Stephen C. Behrendt, eds. Romanticism and Women Poets: Opening the Doors of Reception. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1999.

Selections include: Linkin and Behrendt's "Introduction: Recovering Romanticism and Women Poets"; Paul R. Feldman's "Endurance and Forgetting: What the Evidence Suggests"; Behrendt's "The Gap That Is Not a Gap: British Poetry by Women, 1802-1812"; Adriana Craciun's "The Subject of Violence: Mary Lamb, Femme Fatale"; Roxanne Eberle's "'Tales of Truth?': Amelia Opie's Antislavery Poetics"; Sarah M. Zimmerman's "'Does thou not know my voice?': Charlotte Smith and the Lyric's Audience"; Catherine B. Burroughs's "'Be Good!': Acting, Reader's Theater, and Oratory in Frances Anne Kemble's Writing"; Linkin's "Recuperating Romanticism in Mary Tighe's Psyche"; William McCarthy's "A 'High-Minded Christian Lady': The Posthumous Reception of Anna Letitia Barbauld"; Kathleen Hickok's "'Burst Are the Prison Bars': Caroline Bowles Southey and the Vicissitudes of Poetic Reputation"; Susan Wolfson's "Felicia Hemans and the Revolving Doors of Reception"; and Tricia Lootens's "Receiving the Legend, Rethinking the Writer: Letitia Landon and the Poetess Tradition."

Logan, Deborah Anna. Fallenness in Victorian Women's Writing: Marry Stitch, Die, or Do Worse. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1998.

Logan discusses the idea of the angel in the house as an ideal commonly used to define sexual standards of the Victorian era. In addition to exploring the interconnections between angelic ideology, sexuality, and social deviance, Logan examines depictions of fallenness in various works of nineteenth-century fiction. Logan highlights the ways in which the notion of fallenness includes unmarried mothers, prostitutes, needlewomen, alcoholics, the insane, the childless, the anorexic, slaves, and harem women, among others.

Maurer, Shawn Lisa. Proposing Men: Dialectics of Gender and Class in the Eighteenth-Century English Periodical. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Maurer argues that gendered identities can best be understood relationally. In addition to examining the phenomenal rise of the social periodical at the end of the seventeenth century, Maurer discusses the genre's contribution to the construction of a class-specific gender identity that succeeds as an ideology. Drawing upon recent insights in social history, feminist thought, economics, and sociology, among other disciplines, Maurer studies the construction of eighteenth-century gender roles.

McCall, Laura, and Donald Yacovone, eds. A Shared Experience: Men, Women, and the History of Gender. New York: New York UP, 1998.

Selections include: Jane Kamensky's "Talk Like a Man: Speech, Power, and Masculinity in Early New England"; Richard Godbeer's "'Love Raptures': Marital, Romantic, and Erotic Images of Jesus Christ in Puritan New England, 1670-1730"; Lisa Wilson's "A Marriage 'Well-Ordered': Love, Power, and Partnership in Colonial New England"; Patricia Cleary's "Making Men and Women in the 1770s: Culture, Class, and Commerce in the Anglo-American World"; Anya Jabour's "'The Language of Love': The Letters of Elizabeth and William Witt, 1802-1834"; Elizabeth R. Varon's "Tippecanoe and the Ladies, Too: White Women and Party Politics in Antebellum Virginia"; McCall's "'Not So Wild a Dream': The Domestic Fantasies of Literary Men and Women, 1820-1860"; Yacovone's "'Surpassing the Love of Women': Victorian Manhood and the Language of Fraternal Love"; Joan E. Cashin's "A Northwest Passage: Gender, Race, and the Family in the Early Nineteenth Century"; Katherine M. B. Osburn's "'I Am Going to Write to You': Nurturing Fathers and the Office of Indian Affairs on the Southern Ute Reservation, 1895-1934"; Kevin P. Murphy's "Socrates in the Slums: Homoerotics, Gender, and Settlement House Reform"; Eric Dwyce Taylor's "Chivalrous Men and Voting Women: The Role of Men and the Language of Masculinity in the 1911 California Woman Suffrage Campaign"; Robert L. Griswold's "The 'Flabby American,' the Body, and the Cold War"; and Jessica Weiss's "Making Room for Fathers: Men, Women, and Parenting in the United States, 1945-1980."

Meisenhelder, Susan Edwards. Hitting a Straight Lick with a Crooked Stick: Race and Gender in the Work of Zora Neale Hurston. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1999.

Meisenhelder challenges those critics who maintain that Zora Neale Hurston simply wrote stories that her white audience wanted to hear. In addition to arguing that the novelist's work functions as an extended critique of white culture and values, Meisenhelder demonstrates the manner in which white value systems create class divisions and gender imbalances among blacks. Meisenhelder devotes particular attention to the influence of African American folk tales upon Hurston's aesthetic.

Murphy, Brenda, ed. The Cambridge Companion to American Women Playwrights. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Selections include: Amelia Howe Kritzer's "Comedies by Early American Women"; Sarah J. Blackstone's "Women Writing Melodrama"; Patricia R. Schroeder's "Realism and Feminism in the Progressive Era"; Veronica Makowsky's "Susan Glaspell and Modernism"; Jerry Dickey's "The Expressionist Moment: Sophie Treadwell"; Murphy's "Feminism and the Marketplace: The Career of Rachel Crothers"; Judith L. Stephens's "The Harlem Renaissance and the New Negro Movement"; Thomas P. Adler's "Lillian Hellman: Feminism, Formalism, and Politics"; Margaret B. Wilkerson's "From Harlem to Broadway: African American Women Playwrights at Mid-Century"; Janet Brown's "Feminist Theory and Contemporary Drama"; Helene Keyssar's "Feminist Theatre of the Seventies in the United States"; Laurin Porter's "Contemporary Playwrights/Traditional Forms"; Jan Balakian's "Wendy Wasserstein: A Feminist Voice from the Seventies to the Present"; Christy Gavin's "Contemporary American Women Playwrights: A Brief Survey of Selected Scholarship"; and Christine R. Gray's "Discovering and Recovering African American Women Playwrights Writing before 1930."

Putnam, Ruth Anna, ed. The Cain bridge Companion to William James. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include: Ruth Anna Putnam's Introduction; Gerald E. Myers's "Pragmatism and Introspective Psychology"; Owen Flanagan's "Consciousness as a Pragmatist Views It"; Richard M. Gale's "John Dewey's Naturalization of William James"; David A. Hollinger's "James, Clifford, and the Scientific Conscience"; Richard Rorty's "Religious Faith, Intellectual Responsibility, and Romance"; Bruce Wilshire's "The Breathtaking Intimacy of the Material World: William James's Last Thoughts"; T. L. S. Sprigge's "James, Aboutness, and His British Critics"; Christopher Hookway's "Logical Principles and Philosophical Attitudes: Peirce's Response to James's Pragmatism"; Hilary Putnam's "James's Theory of Truth"; James Conant's "The James/Royce Dispute and the Development of James's 'Solution"'; Richard R. Niebuhr's "William James on Religious Experience"; David C. Lamberth's "Interpreting the Universe after a Social Analogy: Intimacy, Panpsychism, and a Finite God in a Pluralistic Universe"; Graham H. Bird's "Moral Philosophy and the Development of Morality"; Ruth Anna Putnam's "Some of Life's Ideals"; Jessica R. Feldman's "'A shelter of the mind': Henry, William, and the Domestic Scene"; Ross Posnock's "The Influence of William James on American Culture"; Harvey J. Cormier's "Pragmatism, Politics, and the Corridor"; and Thomas Carlson's "James and the Kantian Tradition."

Renk, Kathleen J. Caribbean Shadows and Victorian Ghosts: Women's Writing and Decolonization. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1999.

Renk argues that Anglophone Caribbean women's writing--which draws upon the womanist tradition in the Caribbean, women's storytelling, and the process of creolization--radically departs from its British and Caribbean nationalist precursors. Renk devotes particular attention to the depiction of madness and motherhood in Victorian prose. Additionally, Renk examines the manner in which Victorian writers employed female tricksters in their narratives of decolonization.

Salvaggio, Ruth. The Sounds of Feminist Theory. Albany: State U of New York P, 1999.

Salvaggio investigates the oral and evocative qualities of language in feminist theory. Drawing upon the fictions of such thinkers as Judith Butler, Julia Kristeva, Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Elaine Pagels, Joan Scott, and Jane Tompkins, among others, Salvaggio argues that feminist theorists often listen to the ways in which words mean more than they ostensibly signify. Salvaggio describes this process as "Hearing the O," the act of listening for and seizing those wavering qualities of language that invite changes about the ways in which we think.

Sanders, Julie, Kate Chedgzoy, and Susan Wiseman, eds. Refashioning Ben Jonson: Gender, Politics, and the Jonsonian Canon. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Chedgzoy, Sanders, and Wiseman's "Introduction: Refashioning Ben Jonson"; Janet Clare's "Jonson's 'Comical Satires' and the Art of Courtly Compliment"; Tom Cain's "'Satyres, That Girde and Fart at the Time': Poetaster and the Essex Rebellion"; Robert C. Evans's "Sejanus: Ethics and Politics in the Early Reign of James"; Clare McManus's "'Defacing the Carcass': Anne of Denmark and Jonson's The Masque of Blackness"; Richard Dutton's "The Lone Wolf: Jonson's Epistle to Volpone"; Kate McLuskie's "Making and Buying: Ben Jonson and the Commercial Theatre Audience"; Helen Ostovich's "Hell for Lovers: Shades of Adultery in The Devil Is an Ass"; Sanders's "Print, Popular Culture, Consumption, and Commodification in The Staple of News"; and Wiseman's "'The Eccho of Uncertaintie': Jonson, Classical Drama, and the English Civil War."

Sheffield, Elisabeth. Joyce's Abandoned Female Costumes, Gratefully Received. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Drawing upon such theorists as Derrida, Lacan, and Irigaray, Sheffield examines the ways in which some Joyce scholars view Joyce as a protofeminist who battles phallogocentrism and a largely male canon with a nonlinear, subversive, and overtly feminine style of writing. Sheffield argues that Joyce relies on ancient stereotypes to personify a dangerously "other" form of writing. Moreover, Sheffield contends that there is nothing intrinsically feminine about Joyce's narratives.

Shoemaker, Robert B. Gender in English Society, 1650-1850: The Emergence of Separate Spheres? New York: Longman, 1998.

Shoemaker offers a social history of gender roles between 1650 and 1850. In addition to examining continuity and change in the respective spheres of women and men in public and private life, Shoemaker explores contemporary notions about gender, as well as the ways in which it was represented in the narratives of England's great era of industrialization. Shoemaker devotes particular attention to such issues as childhood, notions about the body, and changing patterns of sexual activity during this era.

Showalter, Elaine. A Literature of Their Own: British Women Writers from Bronte to Lessing. Rev. ed. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1999.

First published in 1977, this revised and updated edition of Showalter's classic volume explores the lengthy and previously neglected nineteenth- and twentieth-century tradition of women writers in England. In addition to providing readers with a new introduction, Showalter discusses the legacy of feminism and feminist criticism that has emerged during the previous two decades.

Smith, Hilda L., ed. Women Writers and the Early Modern British Political Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Smith's "Introduction: Women, Intellect, and Politics: Their Intersection in Seventeenth-Century England"; Berenice A. Carroll's "Christine de Pizan and the Origins of Peace Theory"; Anna Battigelli's "Political Thought/ Political Action: Margaret Cavendish's Hobbesian Dilemma"; Lois G. Schwoerer's "Women's Public Political Voice in England: 1640-1670"; Melinda Zook's "Contextualizing Aphra Behn: Plays, Politics, and Party, 1679-1689"; Patricia Springborg's "Astell, Masham, and Locke: Religion and Politics"; Wendy Gunther-Canada's "The Politics of Sense and Sensibility: Mary Wollstonecraft and Catharine Macaulay Graham on Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France"; Mary Lyndon Shanley's "Mary Wollstonecraft on Sensibility, Women's Rights, and Patriarchal Power"; Judith P. Zinsser's "Emilie du Chatelet: Genius, Gender, and Intellectual Authority"; Jane S. Jaquette's "Contract and Coercion: Power and Gender in Leviathan"; Gordon Schochet's "The Significant Sounds of Silence: The Absence of Women from the Political Thought of Sir Robert Filmer and John Locke (or, 'Why Can't a Woman Be More Like a Man?')"; J. G. A. Pocock's "Catharine Macaulay: Patriot Historian"; Susan Staves's "Investments, Votes, and 'Bribes': Women as Shareholders in the Chartered National Companies"; Sarah Hanley's "The Politics of Identity and Monarchic Government in France: The Debate over Female Exclusion"; Merry Wiesner's "The Holy Roman Empire: Women and Politics beyond Liberalism. Individual Rights, and Revolutionary Theory"; Smith's "Women as Sextons and Electors: King's Bench and Precedents for Women's Citizenship"; Barbara J. Todd's "'To Be Some Body': Married Women and The Hardships of the English Laws"; and Carole Pateman's "Conclusion: Women's Writing, Women's Standing: Theory and Politics in the Early Modern Period."

Stevens, Hugh. Henry James and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Stevens demonstrates the ways in which James's fictions contain daring and radical representations of transgressive desires and marginalized sexual identities. Stevens reveals the importance of incestuous desire, masochistic fantasy, and same-sex passions in James's narratives. Stevens contends that James often anticipates various features of "gay" or "queer" fiction through plots and narrative strategies in which heterosexual marriage is at odds with homoerotic friendship.

Tosh, John. A Man's Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England. New Haven: Yale Up, 1999.

Tosh explores the ways in which men's lives were conditioned by Victorian ideals of womanhood. In addition to examining the experience of boyhood, married life, sex, and fatherhood during the early decades of the nineteenth century, Tosh argues that Victorian notions of ideal womanhood found their origins in the teachings of Evangelical Christianity. Tosh contends that by the 1870s, men became less enchanted with domestic life as women began to enjoy rights via law and society.

Traub, Valerie, M. Lindsay Kaplan, and Dympna Callaghan, eds. Feminist Readings of Early Modern Culture: Emerging Subjects. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.

Selections include: Denise Albanese's "Making It New: Humanism, Colonialism, and the Gendered Body in Early Modern Culture"; Traub's "Gendering Mortality in Early Modern Anatomies"; Cynthia Marshall's "Wound-Man: Coriolanus, Gender, and the Theatrical Construction of Interiority"; Rosemary Kegl's "'The World I Have Made': Margaret Cavendish, Feminism, and the Blazing-World"; Frances E. Dolan's "Reading, Writing, and Other Crimes"; Kim F. Hall's "Culinary Spaces, Colonial Spaces: The Gendering of Sugar in the Seventeenth Century"; Jyotsna G. Singh's "Caliban versus Miranda: Race and Gender Conflicts in Postcolonial Rewritings of The Tempest"; Laura Levine's "Rape, Repetition, and the Politics of Closure in A Midsummer Night's Dream"; Kaplan's "Subjection and Subjectivity: Jewish Law and Female Autonomy in Reformation English Marriage"; Theodora A. Jankowski's "'Where There Can Be No Cause of Affection': Redefining Virgins, Their Desires, and Their Pleasures in John Lyly's Gallathea"; and Callaghan's "The Terms of Gender: 'Gay' and 'Feminist' Edward II."

Ty, Eleanor. Empowering the Feminine: The Narratives of Mary Robinson, Jane West, and Amelia Opie, 1796-1812. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1998.

Ty explores the lives and work of Mary Robinson, Jane West, and Amelia Opie. In addition to examining each writer's radically feminist ideology, Ty investigates the manner in which each writer grappled with the notion of female empowerment. Ty demonstrates the ways in which these writers focused their narratives on typically feminine attributes, including docility, maternal feeling, and heightened sensibility.

Valente, Joseph, ed. Quare Joyce. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.

Selections include: Valente's "Joyce's (Sexual) Choices: A Historical Overview"; Margot Norris's "A Walk on the Wild(e) Side: The Doubled Reading of 'An Encounter"'; Jean-Michel Rabate's "On Joycean and Wildean Sodomy"; Valente's "Thriled by His Touch: The Aestheticizing of Homosexual Panic in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"; Garry Leonard's "'The Nothing Place': Secrets and Sexual Orientation in Joyce"; Jennifer Levine's "James Joyce, Tattoo Artist: Tracing the Outlines of Homosocial Desire"; Vicki Mahaffey's "Pereversion and Im-mere-sion: Idealized Corruption in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and The Picture of Dorian Gray"; Robert L. Caserio's "Casement, Joyce, and Pound: Some New Meanings of Treason"; Gregory Castle's "Confessing Oneself: Homoeros and Colonial Bildung in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"; Colleen Lamos's "'A Faint Glimmer of Lesbianism' in Joyce"; Christy Burns's "In the Original Sinse: The Gay Cliche and Verbal Transgression in Finnegans Wake"; Marian Eide's "Bey ond 'Syphilisation': Finnegans Wake, AIDS, and the Discourse of Contagion"; Tim Dean's "Paring His Fingernails: Homosexuality and Joyce's Impersonalist Aesthetic"; and Christopher Lane's "Afrerword: 'The Vehicle of a Vague Speech."'

Walker, Julia M. Medusa's Mirrors: Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, and the Metamorphosis of the Female Self. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Walker questions the strategies with which male writers depict powerful women. Drawing upon works by Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, Walker examines to what extent each writer is able to contruct a female character with a fully realized sense of self. Walker contends that the characters in each writer's work share common elements, including mirrors and transformations that diminish the power of the female self.

Weltman, Sharon Aronofsky. Ruskin's Mythic Queen: Gender Subversion in Victorian Culture. Athens: Ohio UP, 1998.

Weltman examines Ruskin's "Of Queen's Gardens" as a statement of Victorian gender opposition, as well as an example for analyzing the power of mythic discourse to undermine gender division. In addition to discussing the manner in which Ruskin creates a vision of female authority and empowerment, Weltman argues that Ruskin's treatise serves as an attempt to redefine the gender boundaries of the domestic realm. Weltman contends that Ruskin feminizes both metaphor and language, ultimately destabilizing the very notion of gender.

White, Chris. Nineteenth-Century Writings on Homosexuality: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 1999.

White assembles a variety of texts concerned with same-sex desire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In addition to featuring a range of prose, poetry, fiction, and history from 1810 to 1914, White offers extensive introductions to each text, as well as sections on the law, science, love, and sex. White's sourcebook impinges upon a variety of issues, including censorship, homophobia, cultural history, lesbianism, aestheticism, decadence, sodomy, and sadomasochism, among other topics.

White, Paul Whitfield, ed. Marlowe, History, and Sexuality: New Critical Essays on Christopher Marlowe. New York: AMS, 1998.

Selections include: White's "Introduction: Marlowe, History, and Sexuality"; Charles Nicholl's "'Faithful Dealing': Marlowe and the Elizabethan Intelligence Service"; David Riggs's "Marlowe's Quarrel with God"; Patrick Cheney's "'Thondring Words of Threate': Marlowe, Spenser, and Renaissance Ideas of a Literary Career"; Georgia E. Brown's "Breaking the Canon: Marlowe's Challenge to the Literary Status Quo in Hero and Leander"; Ian Frederick Moulton's "'Printed Abroad and Uncastrated': Marlowe's Elegies with Davies's Epigrams"; Mark Thornton Burnett's "Edward II and Elizabethan Politics"; Alan Shepard's "'Thou art no soldier; Thou art a merchant': The Mentalite of War in Malta"; Rick Bowers's "The Massacre at Paris: Marlowe's Messy Consensus Narrative"; Judith Weil's "'Full Possession': Service and Slavery in Doctor Faustus"; Eric Rasmussen's "Writing in the Margins: Theatrical Manuscripts and the B-Text of Doctor Faustus"; Sara Munson Deats's "The Subversion of Gender Hierarchies in Dido, Queene of Carthage"; Lisa S. Starks's "'Won with thy words and conquered with thy looks': Sadism, Masochism, and the Masochistic Gaze in 1 Tamburlaine"; Mario Digangi's "Marlowe, Queer Studies, and Renaissance Homoeroticism"; and Thomas Cartelli's "Queer Edward II: Postmodern Sexualities and the Early Modern Subject."

Woodhouse, Reed. Unlimited Embrace: A Canon of Gay Fiction, 1945-1995. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1998.

Woodhouse evaluates a variety of twentieth-century works by and about homosexual men and situates them within the context of an emerging American gay culture. Drawing upon works by such figures as Tennessee Williams, James Baldwin, Christopher Isherwood, James Purdy, Edmund White, Andrew Holleran, David Leavitt, and Neil Bartlett, among others, Woodhouse argues that gay fiction not only reflects but anticipates social changes. Woodhouse raises questions about sexual identity, desire, defiance, and wit in his analysis of twentieth-century American gay literature.

(6) Psychoanalytic Criticism

Armstrong, Raymond. Kafka and Pinter: Shadow-Boxing. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Armstrong explores the psychological interconnections inherent in the works of Kafka and Pinter. Armstrong devotes particular attention to the theme of fathers and sons in such works as Kafka's The Metamorphosis and Pinter's The Homecoming, among others.

Bjorkland, Diane. Interpreting the Self: Two Hundred Years of American Autobiography. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Bjorkland discusses the self as the textual manifestation of autobiography, with particular attention to the moral drama inherent in such writings. In addition to addressing more than 100 works of American autobiography, Bjorkland investigates the cultural differences in how people interpret the nature of the self. Bjorkland examines social constructions of the individual in terms of these various tales of psychological conflict.

Bullen, J. B. The Pre-Raphaelite Body: Fear and Desire in Painting, Poetry, and Criticism. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Bullen focuses upon the psychological construction of desire in works by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris, and Walter Pater, among others. Bullen devotes special attention to the representation of the body during the Pre-Raphaelite movement, especially in terms of the ways in which the eroticized body functioned as the principal focus of nineteenth-century anxiety. Bullen discusses the manner in which paintings by such figures as Edward Burne-Jones resulted from the sexual psychopathology of mid-nineteenth-century mental science.

Dever, Carolyn. Death and the Mother from Dickens to Freud: Victorian Fiction and the Anxiety of Origins. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Dever examines the ways in which the cultural ideal of motherhood in nineteenth-century Britain was undermined by Victorian novels, which frequently represented mothers as incapacitated, abandoning, or dead. Dever identifies the phenomenon of the dead or missing mother as central to the Victorian narrative construction of the good mother as a cultural ideal. Using insights from Freud and Winnicott, among others, Dever reveals maternal loss as the prerequisite for Victorian representations of domestic life in works by Dickens, Eliot, Darwin, and Woolf, among others.

Eby, Carl P. Hemingway's Fetishism: Psychoanalysis and the Mirror of Manhood. Albany: State U of New York P, 1999.

Eby underscores the interconnections between fetishism and gender identity in Hemingway's life and work. In addition to exploring Hemingway's erotic obsession with hair in his fictions, Eby investigates the fantasies, themes, and symbols that mark the psychological terrain of his work. Eby reads Hemingway's life and work using a psychoanalytic framework in his study of the novelist's fetishistic behaviors.

Furst, Lilian R. Just Talk: Narratives of Psychotherapy. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1999.

Furst explores various representations of psychotherapy in literary works by such figures as Philip Roth, David Lodge, and Sylvia Plath. Furst addresses the fictional treatment of mental and emotional disorders, with particular attention to such therapeutic tropes as "overtalkers," "undertalkers," and "duet voices." Furst also devotes attention to literary instances in which patients and therapists provide separate but parallel renderings of the same therapy.

Gilbert, Pamela K. Disease, Desire, and the Body in Victorian Women 's Popular Novels. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Gilbert explores nineteenth-century preconceptions about the ostensibly feminine and diseased nature of British popular fiction. In addition to interpreting works by such figures as M. E. Braddon, Rhoda Broughton, and Ouida, among others, Gilbert addresses the manner in which the act of reading was metaphorically allied with eating, contagion, and sex. Gilbert argues that within the texts themselves, references to contemporary medical works resist or exploit mid-Victorian conceptions of health, nationality, class, and the body.

Griffiths, Paul E. What Emotions Really Are: The Problem of Psychological Categories. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997.

Griffiths challenges contemporary philosophies of emotion for their inability to address recent work in neurobiology and cognitive science. Griffiths devotes particular attention to such methodologies as the psychoevolutionary approach to emotion, affect programs, and emotion modules. Griffiths also examines the social construction of emotion, especially in terms of psychology and biology.

Kincaid, James R. Erotic Innocence: The Culture of Child Molesting. Durham: Duke UP, 1998.

Kincaid examines the contemporary American preoccupation with stories about the sexual abuse of children. Arguing that our culture has failed to come to terms with the complex legacy of Victorian sexuality, Kincaid discusses the manner in which children and images of youth are idealized, fetishized, and eroticized in workaday cultural life. Kincaid draws upon the well-publicized scandals involving such figures as Michael Jackson and Woody Allen in his analysis of our culture's preoccupation with youthful images of sexuality.

Levy, Anita. Reproductive Urges: Popular Novel-Reading, Sexuality, and the English Nation. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1999.

Using insights from psychology and cultural studies, Levy focuses on reproduction as one of the most widely used and highly contested concepts in contemporary culture. Drawing upon works by such figures as Charles Dickens, Brain Stoker, and Oscar Wilde, among others, Levy contends that the notion of reproduction includes a diverse field of cultural and social practices. Levy identifies the cultural anxiety regarding reproduction and its place in the debates over the nature of the individual, the family, and sexuality.

Lilienfeld, Jane. Reading Alcoholisms: Theorizing Character and Narrative in Selected Novels of Thomas Hardy, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Lilienfeld offers an interdisciplinary study using the social, psychological, and scientific literature on alcoholism in works by such figures as Thomas Hardy, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf. In addition to demonstrating how each novelist suffered under the alcoholism of a family member or mentor, Lilienfeld reveals the ways in which the effects of alcoholism organized the construction of their texts. Lilienfeld devotes particular attention to assessing the human dimensions of alcoholism.

McCallum, Robyn. Ideologies of identity in Adolescent Fiction: The Dialogic Construction of Subjectivity. New York: Garland, 1999.

McCallum draws upon various psychological insights in this study of identity and subjectivity. In addition to providing readers with chapters on cognition, certainty, and the construction of the self, McCallum discusses the ideological dimensions of identity in various works of adolescent fiction. McCallum devotes attention to the manner in which identity evolves during late adolescence as the threads of adult conceptions of selfhood.

McSweeney, Kerry. The Language of Senses: Sensory-Perceptual Dynamics in Wordsworth, Coleridge, Thoreau, Whitman, and Dickinson. Montreal: McGillQueen's UP, 1998.

McSweeney examines the psychological terrain inherent in the sensory representations of various poetic works. McSweeney constructs a sensory profile for each author in an effort to understand the evolution of each writer's symbolic and poetic powers. McSweeney argues that the nature of this profile underscores their relationship to the external world of the senses.

Paxson, James J., and Cynthia A. Gravlee, eds. Desiring Discourse: The Literature of Love, Ovid through Chaucer. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include: Paxson's "The Medieval World of Desire, Discourse, Reception, and Writing: An Introduction"; Sarah Spence's "The Judgment of Aeneas, the Judgment of Paris, and the Roman d'Eneas"; Joan G. Haahr's "Justifying Love: The Classical Recusatio in Medieval Love Literature"; Warren Ginsburg's "Ovidius ethicus?: Ovid and the Medieval Commentary Tradition"; Anne Howland Schotter's "The Transformation of Ovid in the Twelfth-Century Pamphilus"; Simon Gaunt's "Discourse Desired: Desire, Subjectivity, and Mouvance in Can vei la lauzeta mover"; Charlotte Gross's "Loc Aizi/Anima Mundi: Being, Time, and Desire in the Troubadour Love Lyric"; Sandra Pierson Prior's "'Kar des dames est avenu/L'aventure': Displacing the Chivalric Hero in Marie de France's Eliduc"; Robert W. Hanning's "The Talking Wounded: Desire, Truth Telling, and Pain in the Lais of Marie de France"; Nancy M. Reale's "Reading the Language of Love: Boccaccio's Filostrato as Intermediary between the Commedia and Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde" ; Gravlee's "Presence, Absence, and Difference: Reception and Deception in The Franklin's Tale"; Robert M. Stein's "The Conquest of Femenye: Desire, Power, and Narrative in Chaucer's Knight's Tale"; and Paxson's "The Semiotics of Character, Trope, and Troilus: The Figural Construction of the Self and the Discourse of Desire in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde."

Rickard, John S. Joyce's Book of Memory: The Mnemotechnic of Ulysses. Durham: Duke UP, 1999.

Rickard draws upon Joyce's Ulysses in an analysis of personal memory and the construction of the self. In addition to addressing the past as a form of psychological obstruction, Rickard explores the nature of memory, destiny, and the limits of the self. Rickard devotes particular attention to the study of textual memory in Joyce's novel, especially the notion of intertextual memory.

Schapiro, Barbara Ann. D. H. Lawrence and the Paradoxes of Psychic Life. Albany: State U of New York P, 1999.

Schapiro examines the nature of D. H. Lawrence's relationship with and fictional portrayal of women. Drawing upon such works as Women in Love, Sons and Lovers, and The Rainbow, Schapiro explores the ways in which Lawrence impinges upon the dynamics of psychological life. Using the psychoanalytic theories of Jessica Benjamin, Schapiro assesses the novelist's approach to polarities of gender, as well as his fictional representation of domination and submission.

(7) Cultural and Historical Criticism

Aggeler, Geoffrey. Nobler in the Mind: The Stoic-Skeptic Dialectic in English Renaissance Tragedy. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Aggeler reviews two major intellectual movements--the Stoic and Skeptic revivals--which, along with the Protestant Reformation, significantly affected English Renaissance drama. In addition to discussing this dialectic in plays by Shakespeare's contemporaries, Aggeler considers the ways in which Renaissance sensibilities were shaped by Reformation moral theology. Aggeler devotes particular attention to conflicts between Stoicism and Skepticism in English Renaissance tragedy.

Amelang, James S. The Flight of Icarus: Artisan Autobiography in Early Modern Europe. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Amelang explores autobiographica] texts written by European urban craftsmen from the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Drawing upon memoirs, diaries, family chronicles, travel narratives, and other forms of personal writings, Amelang examines personal texts from Spain, France, Italy, Germany, and England. Amelang illuminates the changing role of the lower classes and other groups considered marginal in the history of literature and literacy.

Astington, John H. English Court Theatre, 1558-1642. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Astington provides an account of the ways in which Elizabethan- and Stuart-era playwrights wrote for open-air public theaters, as well as for the private, indoor theaters at the palaces where the Court resided. In addition to discussing the theatrical entertainments for Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I, Astington describes the physical and aesthetic conditions under which actors worked in palace playhouses. Astington considers the role of patronage in the growth of professional theater and offers a new definition of the function of theatrical occasions in establishing the cultural profile of the English Court.

Aughterson, Kate, ed. The English Renaissance: An Anthology of Sources and Documents. London: Routledge, 1998.

Aughterson collects primary texts and documents relevant to the literature, cultural, and intellectual life in England between 1550 and 1660. While providing readers with a combination of well-known and forgotten texts, Aughterson's volume offers an introduction to the controversies, ideas, and views of cultural interest in early modern England. Aughterson devotes particular attention to religion, politics, society, education, science, magic, gender, and trade, among other issues.

Bailey, Peter. Popular Culture and Performance in the Victorian City. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Bailey reconstructs the texture and meaning of popular pleasure in the Victorian entertainment industry. In addition to integrating theories of language and social action with close readings of contemporary sources, Bailey offers a study of such nuances of Victorian popular culture as the pub, music-hall, theater, and comic newspaper. Bailey challenges existing interpretations of respectability, sexuality, and the cultural politics of nineteenth-century class and gender.

Barnes, Rachel. The Pre-Raphaelites and Their World. London: Tate Gallery, 1998.

Barnes discusses the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, especially such figures as William Morris, Ford Madox Brown, and Edward Burne-Jones. Lavishly illustrated, Barnes's volume addresses the lives, work, and sources of inspiration shared by these friends and rivals. Barnes provides a survey of the social and artistic background from which these artists emerged.

Beal, Peter. In Praise of Scribes: Manuscripts and Their Makers in Seventeenth-Century England. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Beal addresses the field of manuscript cultural studies during the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Drawing upon works by such figures as Sir Philip Sidney, John Donne, and Katherine Philips, Beal argues for the significant role played by clerks and scribes in contemporary society and in the historical transmission of literary texts. Beal explores questions about the nature of print culture, as well as regarding the construction of authorship in an evolving society and developing readership.

Bevington, David, and Peter Holbrook, eds. The Politics of the Stuart Court Masque. Cambridge: Cambridge, 1998.

Selections include: Bevington and Holbrook's Introduction; Martin Butler's "Courtly Negotiations"; Paul E. J. Hammer's "Upstaging the Queen: The Early of Essex, Francis Bacon, and the Accession Day Celebrations of 1595"; Holbrook's "Jacobean Masques and the Jacobean Peace"; Tom Bishop's "The Gingerbread Host: Tradition and Novelty in the Jacobean Masque"; Leeds Barroll's "Inventing the Stuart Masque"; Stephen Orgel's "Marginal Jonson"; Hugh Craig's "Jonson, the Antimasque, and the 'Rules of Flattery"'; Nancy E. Wright's "'Rival Traditions': Civic and Courtly Ceremonies in Jacobean London"; Bevington's "The Tempest and the Jacobean Court Masque"; Barbara Ravelhofer's "'Virgin Wax' and 'Hairy Men-Monsters': Unstable Movement Codes in the Stuart Masque"; David Lindley's "The Politics of Music in the Masque"; Barbara Lewaiski's "Milton's Comus and the Politics of Masquing"; and Leah S. Marcus's "Valediction."

Biddick, Kathleen. The Shock of Medievalism. Durham: Duke UP, 1998.

Selections include: "Gorthic Ornament and Sartorial Peasants"; "English America: Worth Dying For?"; Bede's Blush: Postcards from Bali, Bombay, Palo Alto"; "The Devil's Anal Eye: Inquisitorial Optics and Ethnographic Authority"; "Genders, Bodies, Borders: Technologies of the Visible"; "Humanist History and the Haunting of Virtual Technologies: Problems of Memory and Rememoration"; and "Stranded Histories: Allegories of Artificial Life."

Bindman, David.. Hogarth and His Times: Serious Comedy. Berkeley: U of California P, 1997.

Bindman traces the work of Hogarth through analysis of the cultural, historical, and literary nuances of his era. In addition to addressing the role of children, society, and nature in Hogarth's work, Bindman examines the artist's role as the national painter of his day. Bindman's volume features an appendix on "Hogarthomania and the Collecting of Hogarth," composed by Sheila O'Connell.

Boitani, Piero, and Anna Torti, eds. Mediaevalitas: Reading the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Brewer, 1996.

Selections include: Lisa J. Kiser's "Alain de Lille, Jean de Meun, and Chaucer: Ecofeminism and Some Medieval Lady Natures"; Robert R. Edwards's "'The sclaundre of Walter': The Clerk's Tale and the Problem of Hermeneutics"; Julia Boffey's "Charles of Orleans Reading Chaucer's Dream Visions"; Sheila Delany's "The Friar as Critic: Bokenham Reads Chaucer"; Carol M. Meale's "Reading Women's Culture in Fifteenth-Century England: The Case of Alice Chaucer"; Thomas R. Roche's "Spenser's Virtue of Justice and the Four Daughters of God"; Stefania D'Agata D'Ottavi's "Blake's Chaucer: Scholasticism post litteram"; Angelo Righetti's "Browning's Medievalism"; Toshiyuki Takamiya's "Love and Transgression in Soseki's Story of the Maid of Ascolat"; and Joerg O. Fichte's "The End of Utopia: The Treatment of Arthur and His Court in Contemporary German Drama."

Brogan, Kathleen. Cultural Haunting: Ghosts and Ethnicity in Recent American Literature. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1998.

Brogan explores the haunted tales of heirs and ethnographers. Drawing upon the fictions of Toni Morrison and Louise Erdrich, among others, Brogan discusses such issues as cultural translation and the traumatic history of ritual reburial. Brogan examines the interconnections between ethnic memory and ethnic mourning.

Bryant, Marsha. Auden and Documentary in the 1930s. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1997.

Bryant assesses the interconnections between Auden's poetry and the emergence of the documentary genre during the 1930s. In addition to discussing the poet's personal experience with the British documentary film movement, Bryant examines the manner in which Auden interrogated the politics of documentary representation. Bryant devotes particular attention to such works as Auden's Letters from Iceland and Spain, among others.

Burnley, David. Courtliness and Literature in Medieval England. New York: Longman, 1998.

Burnley discusses the role of courtliness in medieval literature. In addition to examining the ways in which ideals of social behavior and personal refinement play an integral part in much of the literature and poetry of medieval England, Burnley traces the development of courtliness from its emergence in the twelfth century through its elevation as a mark of respectability in the fifteenth century. Burnley illustrates how the literature of the era reflected the framework of social and aesthetic ideals of medieval society.

Cheng, Vincent J., Kimberly J. Devlin, and Margot Norris, eds. Joycean Cultures/Culturing Joyce. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Selections include: Christine van Boheemen's "Joyce's Sublime Body: Trauma, Textuality, and Subjectivity"; Clara D. McLean's "Wasted Words: The Body Language of Joyce's 'Nausicaa"'; Harly Ramsey's "Mourning, Melancholia, and the Maternal Body: Cultural Constructions of Bereavement in Ulysses"; Bonnie Kime Scott's "'The Young Girl,' Jane Heap, and Trials of Gender in Ulysses"; Carol Loeb Shloss's "Finnegans Wake and the Daughter's Fate"; Susan Stanford Friedman's "Reading Joyce: Icon of Modernity? Champion of Alterity? Ventriloquist of Otherness?"; John Whittier-Ferguson's "Embattled Indifference: Politics on the Galleys of Herbert Gorman's James Joyce"; R. B. Kershner's "The Culture of Ulysses"; Catherine Whitley's "The Politics of Representation in Finnegans Wake's Ballad"; Erika Anne Flesher's "'I am getting on nicely in the dark': Picturing the Blind Spot in Illustrations for Ulysses"; Irene A. Martyniuk's "Illustrating Ulysses, Illustrating Joyce"; Cheryl Temple Herr's "The Silence of the Hares: Periphera lity in Ireland and in Joyce"; Benjamin Harder's "Stephen's Props: Aspects of the Ashplant in Portrait and Ulysses"; and Mark Osteen's "A High Grade Ha: The 'Politicomedy' of Headwear in Ulysses."

Clopper, Lawrence M. "Songs of Rechelesnesse": Langland and the Franciscans. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1997.

Clopper demonstrates the ways in which William Langland lived as a powerful disputant in an era marked by dissent and discontent. In addition to examining the political, religious, and moral crises of Langland's day, Clopper maintains that Piers Plowman functioned as a reformist agenda and illustrated the foundations of an internal Franciscan debate. Clopper argues that the notion of Franciscanism itself held Langland's poem together.

Codell, Julie F., and Dianne Sachko Macleod, eds. Orientalism Transposed: The impact of the Colonies on British Culture. London: Ashgate, 1998.

Selections include: Codell and Macleod's "Orientalism Transposed: The 'Easternization' of Britain and Interventions to Colonial Discourse"; Codell's "Resistance and Performance: Native Informant Discourse in the Biographies of Maharaja Sayaji Rao III of Baroda (1863-1939)"; Emily M. Weeks's "About Face: Sir David Wilkie's Portrait of Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt"; Macleod's "Cross-Cultural Cross-Dressing: Class, Gender, and Modernist Sexual Identity"; Romita Ray's "The Memsahib's Brush: Anglo-Indian Women and the Art of the Picturesque, 1830-1880"; Leonard Bell's "To See or Not to See: Conflicting Eyes in the Travel Art of Augustus Earle"; Kathryn S. Freeman's "'Beyond the Stretch of Labouring Thought Sublime': Romanticism, Postcolonial Theory, and the Transmission of Sanskrit Texts"; Jeff Rosen's "Cameron's Photographic Double Takes"; Barbara Groseclose's "Death, Glory, Empire: Art"; and Constance C. McPhee's "Tipu Sultan of Mysore and British Medievalism in the Paintings of Mather Brown."

Comensoli, Viviana, and Paul Stevens, eds. Discontinuities: New Essays on Renaissance Literature and Criticism. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1998.

Selections include: Comensoli and Stevens's Introduction; Sylvia Brown's "'Over Her Dead Body': Feminism, Poststructuralism, and the Mother's Legacy"; Katherine Osler Acheson's "The Modernity of the Early Modern: The Example of Anne Clifford"; Linda Woodbridge's "Dark Ladies: Women, Social History, and English Renaissance Literature"; Elizabeth Hanson's "Against a Synedochic Shakespeare"; Karen Newman's "Cultural Capital's Cold Standard: Shakespeare and the Critical Apostrophe in Renaissance Studies"; Tracey Sedinger's "Historicism and Renaissance Culture"; Nate Johnson's "Donne's Odious Comparison: Abjection, Text, and Canon"; Susan Zimmerman's "Marginal Man: The Representation of Horror in Renaissance Tragedy"; Barry Taylor's "Academic Exchange: Text, Politics, and the Construction of English and American Identities in Contemporary Renaissance Criticism"; Sharon O'Dair's "The Status of Class in Shakespeare: or, Why Critics Love to Hate Capitalism"; and Marta Straznicky's Afterword.

Crawford, Robert, ed. The Scottish Invention of English Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Crawford's Introduction; Neil Rhodes's "From Rhetoric to Criticism"; Ian Duncan's "Adam Smith, Samuel Johnson, and the Institutions of English"; Rajit S. Dosanjh's "The 'Eloquence of the Bar': Hugh Blair's Lectures, Professionalism, and Scottish Legal Education"; Fiona Stafford's "Hugh Blair's Ossian, Romanticism, and the Teaching of Literature"; Paul C. Bator's "The Entrance of the Novel into the Scottish Universities"; Martin Moonie's "William Greenfield: Gender and the Transmission of Literary Culture"; Joan H. Pittock's "An Evolutionary Microcosm: The Teaching of Literature and Aesthetics at Aberdeen"; Franklin E. Court's "The Early Impact of Scottish Literary Teaching in North America"; Andrew Hook's "Scottish Academia and the Invention of American Studies"; Linda Ferreira-Buckley's "Scottish Rhetoric and the Formation of Literary Studies in Nineteenth-Century England"; Chris Worth's "'A centre at the edge': Scotland and the Early Teaching of Literature in Australia and New Zealand"; and Crawford's "Scottish Literature and English Studies."

Cronin, Richard, ed. 1798: The Year of the Lyrical Ballads. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: Cronin's Introduction; Clifford Siskin's "The Year of the System"; Nicola Trott's "Sexing the Critic: Mary Wollstonecraft at the Turn of the Century"; Dorothy McMillan's "'Dr.' Baillie"; Marilyn Gaull's "Malthus on the Road to Excess"; Cronin's "Gebir and Jacobin Poetry"; Alice Jenkins's "Humphry Davy: Poetry, Science and the Love of Light"; Peter Jimack's "England and France in 1798: The Enlightenment, the Revolution and the Romantics"; Nicholas Roe's "'Atmospheric Air Itself': Medical Science, Politics and Poetry in Thelwall, Coleridge and Wordsworth"; Jane Stabler's "Guardians and Watchful Powers: Literary Satire and Lyrical Ballads"; and James A. W. Heffernan's "Wordsworth's 'Leveling' Muse in 1798."

Fisch, Harold. The Biblical Presence in Shakespeare, Milton, and Blake: A Comparative Study. Oxford: Clarendon, 1999.

Fisch explores the poetics of influence in works by Shakespeare, Milton, and Blake. In addition to examining religion as the central conflict in Western culture, Fisch defines metagon as the struggle for the control of a given play between Biblical and non-Biblical modes of imagination. Fisch argues that unresolved contradictions, aesthetic as well as theological, threatened the coherence and balance of works by Shakespeare, Milton, and Blake.

Fox, Alistair. The English Renaissance: Identity and Representation in Elizabethan England. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

Fox reasesses Renaissance English literature and its place in Elizabethan society. In addition to examining the role of Italianate literary imitation regarding various ethical and political issues in the sixteenth century, Fox demonstrates the importance of the Calvinist discourse of English Protestantism as a catalyst for literary creation. Fox reveals the ways in which the imitation of Italianate literary culture enjoyed a substantial influence upon the direction of the English Renaissance, as well as of the English Reformation itself.

Franklin, J. Jeffrey. Serious Play: The Cultural Form of the Nineteenth-Century Realist Novel. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1999.

Drawing upon works by George Eliot, Charles Kingsley, and Anthony Trollope, among others, Franklin assesses the pervasive role of play in Victorian society. Franklin examines the place of play in gambling, theatricality, and aesthetic theory via various works of nineteenth-century literature. Franklin demonstrates the manner in which play intersects with such activities as gambling, recreation, playing the stock market, the performance of gender roles, and the practice of the novel as a genre itself.

Frye, Susan, and Karen Robertson, eds. Maids and Mistresses, Cousins and Queens: Women's Alliances in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.

Selections include: Frye and Robertson's Introduction; Ann Rosalind Jones's "Maidservants of London: Sisterhoods of Kinship and Labor"; Mary Wack's "Women, Work, and Plays in an English Medieval Town"; Jodi Mikalachki's "Women's Networks and the Female Vagrant: A Hard Case"; Simon MorganRussell's "'No Good Thing Ever Comes Out of It': Male Expectation and Female Alliance in Dekker and Webster's Westward Ho"; Kathleen M. Brown's "'A P[ar]cell of Murdereing Bitches': Female Relationships in an Eighteenth-Century Slaveholding Household"; Helen Ostovich's "The Appropriation of Pleasure in The Magnetic Lady"; Jessica Tvordi's "Female Alliance and the Construction of Homoeroticism in As You Like It and Twelfth Night"; Elizabeth A. Brown's "'Companion Me with My Mistress': Cleopatra, Elizabeth I, and Their Waiting Women"; Robertson's "Tracing Women's Connections from a Letter by Elizabeth Ralegh"; Frye's "Sewing Connections: Elizabeth Tudor, Mary Stuart, Elizabeth Talbot, and Seventeenth-Century Anonymous Needlework ers"; Lisa Gim's "'Faire Eliza's Chaine': Two Female Writers' Literary Links to Queen Elizabeth I"; Lowell Gallagher's "Mary Ward's 'Jesuitresses' and the Construction of a Typological Community"; Valerie Wayne's "The Dearth of the Author: Anonymity's Allies and Swetnam the Woman-Hater"; Harriette Andreadis's "The Erotics of Female Friendship in Early Modern England"; Margo Hendricks's "Alliance and Exile: Aphra Behn's Racial Identity"; Barbara Bowen's "Aemilia Lanyer and the Invention of White Womanhood"; and Jean Howard's "Afterword: Producing New Knowledge."

Fulford, Tim, and Peter J. Kitson, eds. Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Fulford and Kitson's "Romanticism and Colonialism: Texts, Contexts, Issues"; Kitson's "Romanticism and Colonialism: Races, Places, Peoples, 1785-1800"; Fulford's "Romanticism and Colonialism: Races, Places, Peoples, 1800-1830"; Michael J. Franklin's "Accessing India: Orientalism, Anti-'Indianism,' and the Rhetoric of Jones and Burke"; Lauren Henry's "'Sunshine and Shady Groves': What Blake's 'Little Black Boy' Learned from African Writers"; Timothy Morton's "Blood Sugar"; James C. McKusick's "'Wisely Forgetful': Coleridge and the Politics of Pantisocracy"; Alan Richardson's "Darkness Visible?: Race and Representation in Bristol Abolitionist Poetry, 1770-1810"; Moira Ferguson's "Fictional Constructions of Liberated Africans: Mary Butt Sherwood"; Nigel Leask's "'Wandering through Eblis': Absorption and Containment in Romantic Exoticism"; D. L. Macdonald's "The Isle of Devils: The Jamaican Journal of M. G. Lewis"; John Whale's "Indian Jugglers: Hazlitt, Romantic Orientalism, and the Differenc e of View"; Caroline Franklin's "'Some Samples of the Finest Orientalism': Byronic Philhellenism and Proto-Zionism at the Time of the Congress of Vienna"; Malcolm Kelsall' s "'Once Did She Hold the Gorgeous East in Fee ...': Byron's Venice and Oriental Empire"; and Joseph W. Lew's "The Plague of Imperial Desire: Montesquieu, Gibbon, Brougham, and Mary Shelley's The Last Man."

Gardner, Stanley. The Tyger and the Lamb and the Terrible Desart: Songs of Innocence and of Experience in Their Times and Circumstances. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Gardner investigates the political, religious, and historical backgrounds of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Drawing upon the unique facsimile of two copies of Blake's poetry, Gardner traces the roots of Blake's work in terms of his drawings and engravings. Gardner devotes particular attention to Blake's interest in such issues as child exploitation and the working poor.

Gillies, John, and Virginia Mason Vaughan, eds. Playing the Globe: Genre and Geography in English Renaissance Drama. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include: Vaughan's "Preface: The Mental Maps of English Renaissance Drama"; Gillies's "Introduction: Elizabethan Drama and the Cartographizations of Space"; Bruce Avery's "Gelded Continents and Plenteous Rivers: Cartography as Rhetoric in Shakespeare"; Rhonda Lemke Sanford's "A Room Not One's Own: Feminine Geography in Cymbeline"; Linda McJannet's "Genre and Geography: The Eastern Mediterranean in Pericles and The Comedy of Errors"; Sara Hanna's "Shakespeare's Greek World: The Temptations of the Sea"; Richmond Barbour's "Britain and the Great Beyond: The Masque of Blackness at Whitehall"; John Michael Archer's "Slave-Born Muscovites: Racial Difference and the Geography of Servitude in Astrophil and Stella and Love's Labour's Lost"; Barbara Sebek's "'Strange Outlandish Wealth': Transglobal Commerce in The Merchant's Mappe of Commerce and The Fair Maid of the West, Parts land II"; Gillies's "Marlowe, the Timur Myth, and the Motives of Geography"; Glenn Clark's "The 'Strange' Geographies of Cymbeline" ; and Anthony Miller's "Domains of Victory: Staging and Contesting the Roman Triumph in Renaissance England."

Gilmartin, Sophie. Ancestry and Narrative in Nineteenth-Century British Literature: Blood Relations from Edgeworth to Hardy. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Gilmartin examines the question of why ideas of ancestry and kinship were so important in nineteenth-century society. Drawing upon a variety of Victorian novels, Gilmartin discusses the national and racial identity of nineteenth-century Britons. Gilmartin demonstrates the ways in which notions of ancestry and kinship shaped the construction of Victorian identity.

Goldie, David. A Critical Difference: T. S. Eliot and John Middleton Murry in English Literary Criticism, 1919-1928. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998.

Goldie offers a detailed study of the important critical dialogue during the 1920s between T. S. Eliot and John Middleton Murry. Goldie contextualizes their relationship in terms of a contentious postwar literary culture. Drawing upon several of Eliot's most well-known essays, Goldie traces the development of Eliot and Murry's criticism and the rivalries that came to exist between their scholarly journals.

Hammond, Paul. Dryden and the Traces of Classical Rome. Oxford: Clarendon, 1999.

Hammond examines the uses which Dryden makes of Latin in his poetry and his critical writings. In addition to discussing the writer's usage of quotation, allusion, and formal translation, Hammond remarks upon the role of classical Latin in Dryden's poetry. Hammond argues that Dryden conceptionalizes England's nationhood through references to ancient Rome.

Harrison, Antony H. Victorian Poets and the Politics of Culture: Discourse and Ideology. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1998.

Selections include: "Introduction: Discourse, Ideology, Poetry"; "Medievalist Discourse and the Ideologies of Victorian Poetry"; "Merlin and Tennyson: Poetry of Power and Victorian Self-Fashioning"; "Elizabeth Barrett in 1838: 'Weakness like Omnipotence"'; "Matthew Arnold's Gipsies: Ideology and the Discourse of the Other"; and "Christina Rossetti: Renunciation as Intervention."

Heale, Elizabeth. Wyatt, Surrey, and Early Tudor Poetry. New York: Longman, 1998.

Heale explores the work of two of the most successful courtier poets, Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Early of Surrey. In addition to offering extensive readings of each writer's verse, Heale contextualizes their poetry in terms of their careers at Court. Heale addresses each poet's work in relation to the writings of his contemporaries, as well as in context with the political and social conditions under which they lived.

Henke, Robert. Pastoral Transformations: Italian Tragecomedy and Shakespeare's Late Plays. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1997.

Henke explores the dramaturgy of Shakespeare's Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale, and The Tempest within the context of sixteenth-century Italian tragicomedy. In addition to examining Shakespeare's usage of tragic, comic, satirical, and pastoral modes in his plays, Henke discusses the theories and practices of such figures as Giraldi, Tasso, and Gurini, among others. Henke reveals the presence of independent yet parallel historical and dramaturgical developments in the Italian and Shakespearean theatrical worlds.

Hoagwood, Terence Allan, and Daniel P. Watkins, eds. British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include: Hoagwood's "Romantic Drama and Historical Hermeneutics"; Greg Kucich's "'A Haunted Ruin': Romantic Drama, Renaissance Tradition, and the Critical Establishment"; Jeffrey N. Cox's "Ideology and Genre in the British Antirevolutionary Drama of the 1790s"; Kenneth R. Johnston and Joseph Nicholes's "Transitory Actions, Men Betrayed: The French Revolution in the English Revolution in Romantic Drama"; Marjean D. Purinton's "The English Pamphlet War of the 1790s and Coleridge's Osoric"; Watkins's "Scott the Dramatish"; and Suzanne Ferriss's "Percy Bysshe Shelley's The Cenci and the 'Rhetoric of Tyranny.'"

Homans, Margaret. Royal Representations: Queen Victoria and British Culture, 1837-1876. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Homans discusses Queen Victoria's considerable impact upon the literature, culture, and society of her day. In addition to discussing the problems associated with her female monarchy, Homans examines Victoria's emergence as an international cultural icon. Homans devotes particular attention to Victoria's impact upon the domestic life of her nation, as well as upon England's artistic development.

Honigmann, E. A. J. Shakespeare: The Lost Years. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998.

This updated edition of Honigmann's classic volume addresses the life and times of the young William Shakespeare. In addition to speculating about the playwright's whereabouts before appearing upon the London theatrical scene, Honigmann assembles a variety of historical and documentary evidence in order to answer similar questions about Shakespeare's biographical life. Among other conclusions, Honigmann argues that Shakespeare was probably raised as a Roman Catholic.

Jasper, David. The Sacred and Secular Canon in Romanticism: Preserving the Sacred Truths. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Jasper focuses upon many of European Romanticism's most significant figures, including Coleridge, Wordsworth, Turner, and Goethe, among others. In addition to offering a discussion of the significance of Romanticism for our understanding of postmodernity, Jasper examines the important place of the Biblical canon as an influence upon the course and direction of Romantic literature. Jasper investigates the ways in which the power of traditional religious language fades and gives way to new perceptions of the sacred in poetry and other art forms.

Kaye, Peter. Dostoevsky and English Modernism, 1900-1930. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Kaye examines the implications of Constance Garnett's classic translations of Dostoevsky's novels and their impact upon English letters. Focusing upon such writers as Lawrence, Woolf, Bennett, Conrad, Forster, and Galsworthy, among others, Kaye discusses Dostoevsky's novels as a disruptive and liberating literary force among English novelists. Kaye demonstrates the manner in which such figures viewed Dostoevsky as a psychologist, mystic, prophet, and rival.

Kelsall, Malcolm. Jefferson and the iconography of Romanticism: Folk, Land, Culture, and the Romantic Tradition. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Kelsall provides readers with a full-length study of Jefferson's role in establishing an iconography for the newly emergent United States. In addition to discussing the ways in which Jefferson invented an idealized image of an ordinary American people, Kelsall explores Jefferson's impact upon the American citizenry's relation to their homeland and their sense of national being. Kelsall remarks upon the role of Jefferson's villa at Monticello as the definition of what it means to be American.

Kiernan, Pauline. Staging Shakespeare at the New Globe. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Kiernan offers an analytical account of the ways in which actors in the new Globe theater have responded to the historical constraints of attempting to adhere to the staging practices of Shakespeare's era. In addition to providing valuable insights into the dynamics of Elizabethan theater, Kiernan examines the impact of the physical conditions of the Globe's theatrical space upon contemporary notions of performance. Kiernan fashions a chronicle of the preparation and performance of Henry V, the first full-scale production at the new Globe theater that attempted to follow the authentic staging practices of Shakespeare's day.

Lagayette, Pierre, ed. Strategies of Difference in Modern Poetry: Case Studies in Poetic Composition. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include: Lagayette's Introduction; Charles Altieri's "Lyric Form and Lyric Force: Yeats and the Limits of the Expressivist Tradition"; Gudrun M. Grabher's "Epistemological Empathy: A. R. Ammons and Jorie Graham"; Alain Suberchicot's "Lyrical Variation of Tone in Stevens's Poetry"; Anne Luyat-Moore's "Wallace Stevens and Jean Wahl"; Axel Nesme's "(Dys)functionings of Difference: The Intertext at Work in Theodore Roethke's 'Four for Sir John Davies"'; Massimo Bacigalupo's "The Author as Explicator in Wallace Stevens and Ezra Pound"; Genevieve Cohen-Cheminet's "Charles Reznikoff: New World Poetics"; Veronique Rauline and Tato Laviera's "Tato Laviera's Nuyorican Poetry: The Choice of Bilingualism"; and Taffy Martin's "Thomas Kinsella and the Poetry of Irish Difference."

Lazarus, Neil. Nationalism and Cultural Practice in the Postcolonial World. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Lazarus investigates the subject of cultural practices in the modern world. In addition to providing analyses of such issues as modernity, globalization, nationalism, and decolonization, among others, Lazarus discusses the social movements, ideas, and cultural practices in the twentieth-century postcolonial world. Lazarus devotes particular attention to the works of such figures as Frantz Fanon, C. L. R. James, Edward Said, Raymond Williams, and Partha Chatterjee, among others.

Leckie, Barbara. Culture and Identity: The Novel, the Newspaper, and the Law, 1857-1914. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1999.

Leckie discusses the impact of adultery upon English culture during the Victorian age. Drawing upon Mary Elizabeth Braddon's The Doctor's for example, Leckie addresses the explicit representation of adultery in nineteenth-century sensation narratives. Leckie examines the implications of the 1857 Matrimonial Causes Act, as well as the place of adultery within the literary reviews and cultural debates of the era.

Leinwand, Theodore B. Theatre, Finance, and Society in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Leinwand surveys emotional responses to socio-economic pressures in a selection of early modern English plays, historical narratives, and biographical accounts. Drawing upon plays by Jonson, Shakespeare, and Massinger, Leinwand examines the ways in which literary characters coped with the exigencies of credit, debt, mortgaging, and capital ventures.

Levin, Jonathan. The Poetics of Transition: Emerson, Pragmatism, and American Literary Modernism. Durham: Duke UP, 1999.

Selections include: "Life, Transition, the Energizing Spirit"; "Divine Overflowings: Emerson's Pragmatic Idealism"; "William James and the Metaphorics of Transition"; "The Aesthetics of Pragmatism"; "Santayana, Dewey, and the Politics of Transition"; "Henry James and the Drama of Transition"; "Gertrude Stein and the Movement of Words"; and "Wallace Stevens and the Pragmatist Imagination."

Li, David Leiwei. Imagining the Nation: Asian American Literature and Cultural Consent. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999.

Li discusses the popularity and critical significance of Asian American literature during the previous three decades. Li attempts to identify the forces behind the cultural emergence of Asian American literature, as well as its unique capacity for understanding the notion of Americanness in the late twentieth century. Li examines the ways in which Asian American literary production has become a site for the creation of Asian American subjects and community.

Lim, Walter S. H. The Arts of Empire: The Poetics of Colonialism from Ralegh to Milton. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Lim examines the emergence of a colonialist consciousness in the writings and politics of the English Renaissance. Using works by such figures as Milton, Donne, Shakespeare, and Spenser, among others, Lim explores a variety of genres, including the love lyric, religious lyric, romance, epic, comedy, tragedy, homily, sermon, and travel narrative. Lim investigates the colonization of Ireland, as well as the relationship between culture, theology, and colonial expansion during the English Renaissance.

London, April. Women and Property in the Eighteenth-Century English Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.

London traces the critical importance of women to the eighteenth-century debate regarding property in the fictions of the era. Using works by such figures as Samuel Richardson, Henry Mackenzie, Clara Reeve, and Jane West, London contends that contemporary novels advanced several interpretations of the relationship between women and property. London creates a cultural context for understanding notions of self-possession and identity during the eighteenth century.

Longenbach, James. Modern Poetry after Modernism. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Selections include: "What Was Postmodern Poetry?"; "Elizabeth Bishop's Bramble Bushes"; "Elizabeth Bishop's Social Conscience"; "Randall Jarrell's Semifeminine Mind"; "Richard Wilbur's Small World"; "John Ashbery's Individual Talent"; "Amy Clampitt's United States"; "Richard Howard's Modern World"; Roberty Pinsky's Social Nature"; and "Jorie Graham's Big Hunger."

Louis, William Roger, ed. More Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics, and Culture in Britain. Austin: U of Texas P, 1998.

Selections include: Louis's Introduction; Linda Colley's "The Significance of the Frontier in British History"; Jack P. Greene's "The British Revolution in America"; Walter L. Arnstein's "Queen Victoria's Other Island"; Reba Soffer's "Was It Possible to Be a Good Catholic, a Good Englishman, and a Good Historian?"; R. W. B. Lewis's Henry James: The Victorian Scene"; Thomas Pinney's "In Praise of Kipling"; S. P. Rosenbaum's "Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press"; Mark Kinkead-Weekes's "Beyond Gossip: D. H. Lawrence's Writing Life"; Bernard Crick's "Orwell and the Business of Biography"; Peter Stansky's "Nineteenth Eighty-Four Ten Years Later"; Philip Ziegler's "Mountbatten Revisited"; John Grigg's "Myths about the Approach to Indian Independence"; Warren F. Kimball's "'A Victorian Tory': Churchill, the Americans, and Self-Determination"; John Ramsden's "'That Will Depend on Who Writes the History': Winston Churchill as His Own Historian"; Paul Addison's "British Historians and the Debate over the 'Postwar Consensus"'; Noel Annan's "Our Age Revisited"; Samuel H. Beer's "The Rise and Fall of Party Government in Britain and the United States, 1945-1996"; John W. Cell's "Who Ran the British Empire?"; Antony Hopkins's "From Africa to Empire"; Joanna Hitchcock's "British and North American University Presses"; and "British Studies at the University of Texas, 1975-1998."

Magennis, Hugh. Anglo-Saxon Appetites: Food and Drink and Their Consumption in Old English and Related Literature. Dublin: Four Courts, 1999.

Magennis examines the treatment of food and drink in Old English literary texts. In addition to exploring the notion of consumption in Anglo-Saxon culture, Magennis reads images of eating and drinking in works of Old English poetry, as well as in early Germanic languages and Latin.

Manion, Margaret M., and Bernard T Muir, eds. The Art of the Book: Its Place in Medieval Worship. Exeter: U of Exeter P, 1998.

Selections include: Manion's Introduction; Bernard J. Muir's "The Early Insular Prayer Book Tradition and the Development of the Book of Hours"; Manion's "Women, Art, and Devotion: Three French Fourteenth-Century Roman Prayer Books"; Joan Naughton's "Books for a Dominican Nuns' Choir: Illustrated Liturgical Manuscripts at Saint-Louis de Poissy, c. 1330-1350"; Bronwyn C. Stocks's "The Illustrated Office of the Passion in Italian Books of Hours"; Manion's "An Unusual Image of the Assumption in a Fourteenth-Century Dominican Choir-Book"; John Stinson's "The Dominican Liturgy of the Assumption: Texts and Music for the Divine Office"; Vera F. Vines's "A Center for Devotional and Liturgical Manuscript Illumination in Fifteenth-Century Besancon"; Hilary Maddocks's "The Master of Jacques de Besancon and a Fifteenth-Century Parisian Missal"; Kate Challis's "Marginalized Jewels: The Depiction of Jewellery in the Borders of Flemish Devotional Manuscripts"; and Dagmar Eichberger's "Devotional Objects in Book Format: Dipt ychs in the Collection of Margaret of Austria and Her Family."

Marler, Regina. Bloomsbury Pie: The Story of Bloomsbury Revival. London: Virago, 1997.

Marler documents the emergence and influence of the Bloomsbury Group, the literary and artistic coterie in twentieth-century Britain. In addition to tracing the lives and work of such figures as Virginia Woolf, E. M. Forster, Roger Fry, Duncan Grant, and Vanessa Bell, among others, Marler examines the group's lingering influence upon English arts and letters. Marler devotes particular attention to contemporary understandings of the Bloomsbury Group and its phenomenal literary and cultural impact upon the artistic imagination.

Marsh, Alec. Money and Modernity: Pound, Williams, and the Spirit of Jefferson. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1998.

Marsh argues that William Carlos Williams and Ezra Pound functioned as latter-day Jeffersonians because of the manner in which their poetry and politics found their origins in the Populism of the late nineteenth century. Drawing upon Williams's Paterson and Pound's Cantos, Marsh demonstrates each poet's awareness of the social contradictions inherent in modernism. Marsh reveals the ways in which each poet was committed to a highly politicized and often polemical poetry that critiqued capitalism and its institutions.

Marshall, W. Gerald, ed. The Restoration Mind. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Selections include: Marshall's "The Restoration Mind: Personal Identity and Culture, 1660-1700"; J. Douglas Stewart's "A Militant, Stoic Monument: The Wren-Gibber-Gibbons Charles I Mausoleum Project--Its Authors, Sources, Meaning, and Influence"; Robert G. Frank's "Viewing the Body: Refraining Man and Disease in Commonwealth and Restoration England"; Akihito Suzuki's "'A Duumvirate of Rulers within Us': Politics and Medical Pneumatology in Restoration England"; Douglas Chambers's "John Evelyn and the Construction of the Scientific Self'; J. Douglas Canfield's "Women's Wit: Subversive Women Tricksters in Restoration Comedy"; Robert W. McHenry, Jr.'s "Dryden and the 'Metropolis of Great Britain"'; Marshall's "The Interpenetrations of Time: Izaak Walton and the Transformation of Hagiography"; D. R. Woolf's "Narrative Historical Writing in Restoration England: A Preliminary Survey"; and Brian Corman's "Restoration Studies and the New Historicism: The Case of Aphra Behn."

McIntosh, Carey. The Evolution of English Prose, 1700-1800: Style, Politeness, and Print Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

McIntosh examines oral dimensions of written texts in the works of such figures as Swift, Defoe, and Astell, among others. In addition to discussing the large-scale "feminization" of literary and cultural values during the eighteenth century, McIntosh explores the ways in which prose became more dignified and self-consciously rhetorical after around 1760. McIntosh devotes attention to such issues as Scottish rhetoric, the "new politeness," and a growing precision in language.

McRea, Brian. Impotent Fathers: Patriarchy and Demographic Crisis in the Eighteenth-Century Novel. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

McRea demonstrates the ways in which eighteenth-century British writers recorded and helped define a major demographic crisis suffered by the landed elite from 1650 to 1740. Drawing upon works by Fielding, Burney, Smollett, and Defoe, McRea explores the eighteenth-century novel and its encounters with notions of patriarchy, property, and gender. McRea argues that the novel provided readers and writers with a forum for working through anxieties about family, property, and succession.

McSweeney, Kerry. Supreme Attachments: Studies in Victorian Love Poetry. London: Ashgate, 1998.

McSweeney explores the distinguishing features of Victorian love poetry. Using the works of such figures as Robert Browning, Christina Rossetti, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Emily Dickinson, among others, McSweeney argues that Victorian poetry underscores the ideology of its age as much as it does the poetry of love. McSweeney concludes his study with an analysis of the love poetry of D. H. Lawrence.

Mikalachki, Jodi. The Legacy of Boadicea: Gender and Nation in Early Modern England. London: Routledge, 1998.

Mikalachki investigates the construction of personal and national identities in early modern England. Drawing upon works by such figures as Shakespeare and Hobbes, Mikalachki offers new readings of the British past. Mikalachki articulates parallels between the eventual domestication of Britain's warrior queen Boadicea in Restoration drama and the social, political, and legal decline in the status of women.

Milfull, Inge B. The Hymns of the Anglo-Saxon Church: A Study and Edition of the Durham Hymnal. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Milful offers a study of the corpus of hymns sung by monks and canons in their services in England before the Norman Conquest. Milful devotes particular attention to an eleventh-century Latin manuscript known as the Durham Hymnal, which is reproduced as a critical edition alongside Milful's scholarly commentary.

Moretti, Franco. Atlas of the European Novel, 1800-1900. London: Verso, 1998.

Moretti discusses the interconnections between literature and space. Drawing upon works by Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Thomas Mann, among others, Moretti offers a new perspective on the relations between literature and geography. Moretti demonstrates the ways in which maps allow us to perceive literature in entirely new ways.

Muscatine, Charles. Medieval Literature, Style, and Culture. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999.

Selections include: "The Canterbury Tales: Style of the Man and Style of the Work"; "Chaucer's Religion and the Chaucer Religion"; "Chaucer in an Age of Criticism"; "'What Amounteth Al This Wit?': Chaucer and Scholarship"; "Locus of Action in Medieval Narrative"; "Poetry and Crisis in the Age of Chaucer"; "The Fabliaux"; "The Wife of Bath and Gautier's La Veuve"; "The Fabliaux, Courtly Culture, and the (Re)Invention of Vulgarity"; "The Emergence of Psychological Allegory in Old French Romance"; and "Erich Auerbach, Mimesis."

Myers, William. The Presence of Persons: Essays on Literature, Science, and Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century. London: Ashgate, 1998.

Selections include: "Where Are Nathaniel Hawthorne, Emily Dickinson, and Daniel C. Dennett?"; "Evolution and Progress: Herbert Spencer, Thomas Hardy, and Amartya Sen"; "Why John Stuart Mill Chose to Go to the Devil"; "Walter Pater and the Higher Decadence"; "Arnold and Newman: The Phenomenological Option"; "Autobiography and the Illative Sense"; "Celibate Men and Angelic Women in Oliver Twist"; "The Radicalism of Little Dorrit"; "The Feral Children of Haworth: Charlotte and Emily Brontie"; "Fragments of Consciousness: The Poems of Emily Bronte"; "The Rights of Celibacy"; "The Two Eternities: Race and Soul in Daniel Deronda"; and "Justice and Freedom: The Portrait of a Lady."

Nilsen, Don L. F. Humor in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century British Literature: A Reference Guide. Westport: Greenwood, 1998.

Nilsen offers a reference guide to humor in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British literature. Arranged chronologically by author, Nilsen's volume encounters such writers as Jane Austen, William Makepeace Thackeray, Charles Lamb, Charles Dicken, and Edward Lear, among a wide variety of others.

Pacheco, Anita, ed. Early Women Writers, 1600-1720. New York: Longman, 1998.

Selections include: Pacheco's Introduction; Jeff Masten's "'Shall I turne blabb?': Circulation, Gender, and Subjectivity in Mary Wroth's Sonnets"; Helen Hackett's "'Yet Tell Me Some Such Fiction': Lady Mary Wroth's Urania and the 'Femininity' of Romance"; Elaine Hobby's "Orinda and Female Intimacy"; Celia A. Easton's "Excusing the Breach of Nature's Laws: The Discourse of Denial and Disguise in Katherine Philips's Friendship Poetry"; Sidonie Smith's "'The Ragged Rout of Self: Margaret Cavendish's True Relation and the Heroics of Self-Disclosure"; Catherine Gallagher's "Embracing the Absolute: Margaret Cavendish and the Politics of the Female Subject in Seventeenth-Century England"; Nancy Copeland's "'Once a Whore and Ever'?: Whore and Virgin in The Rover and Its Antecedents"; Elm Diamond's "Gestus and Signature in Aphra Behn's The Rover"; Jane Spencer's "Aphra Behn's Oroonoko and Women's Literary Authority"; Laura Brown's "The Romance of Empire: Oroonoko and the Trade in Slaves"; Katharine Rogers's "Anne Finc h, Countess of Winchilsea: An Augustan Woman Poet"; and Ruth Salvaggio's "Anne Finch Placed and Displaced."

Palfrey, Simon. Late Shakespeare: A New World of Words. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

Palfrey draws upon post structuralist and historicist criticism in order to demonstrate the indeterminacy and materiality of Elizabethan language. In addition to reappraising the origins of authority, language, and decorum, Palfrey examines the ways in which Shakespeare dramatizes notions of popular desire in his later plays and poetry. Palfrey devotes particular attention to the manner in which the later plays show the consequences of hegemonic violence.

Peacock, D. Keith. Thatcher's Theatre: British Theatre and Drama in the Eighties. Westport: Greenwood, 1999.

Selections include: "The Matter of Discourse"; "Thatcherism"; "Arts and Money"; "The Response of the Left"; "Looking East"; "Carnivals of the Oppressed"; "Defusing a Refusenik"; "Women's Theater"; "So People Know We're Here: Black Theater in Britain"; "New Writing and Theater in the Eighties"; and "The Legacy of Thatcher's Theater."

Peck, John. War, the Army, and Victorian Literature. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Peck considers the manner in which literature both reflected and contributed to a double process of social change. Drawing upon works by such figures as Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy, among others, Peck focuses on four major disputes involving the British army in the Crimea, India, the Sudan, and South Africa. Peck discusses the impossibility of reconciling a policy of imperial aggression with liberal domestic values during the Victorian era.

Poovey, Mary. A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Selections include: "The Modern Fact, the Problem of Induction, and Questions of Method"; "Accommodating Merchants: Double-Entry Bookkeeping, Mercantile Expertise, and the Effect of Accuracy"; "The Political Anatomy of the Economy: English Science and Irish Land"; "Experimental Moral Philosophy and the Problems of Liberal Governmentality"; "From Conjectural History to Political Economy"; "Reconfiguring Facts and Theory: Vestiges of Providentialism in the New Science of Wealth"; and "Figures of Arithmetic, Figures of Speech: The Problem of Induction in the 1830s."

Price, David W. History Made, History Imagined: Contemporary Literature, Poiesis, and the Past. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1999.

Price examines the interconnections between history, fiction, and philosophy in various works of contemporary literature. Drawing upon works by Carols Fuentes, Salman Rushdie, Graham Swift, and Ishmael Reed, among others, Price discusses the ways in which writers imagine, experience, narrate, and critique the past. Price devotes particular attention to the manner in which contemporary writers contend with history in their fictions.

Prince, Michael. Philosophical Dialogue in the British Enlightenment: Theology, Aesthetics, and the Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Prince examines the intersections between philosophy and literature during the British Enlightenment. Drawing upon works by such figures as Fielding, Sterne, and Austen, among others, Prince attempts to understand the ways in which the writing of philosophical fictions relates to the emergence of the novel. Prince focuses upon the work of moral philosophers during the first half of the eighteenth century.

Ripley, John. Coriolanus on Stage in England and America, 1609-1994. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Ripley examines the ambivalent politics, linear plot, repellent characters, unmusical poetry, and downbeat finale inherent in Shakespeare's Coriolanus. Using promptbooks and other theatrical documents, Ripley traces the production history of Shakespeare's play. Ripley offers an account of the play's increasing popularity in recent decades because of its overtly ideological content.

Roberts, Hugh. Shelley and the Chaos of History: A New Politics of Poetry. University Park: Penn State UP, 1997.

Roberts explores the political nature of literary texts. In addition to historicizing "narratives of change," Roberts investigates the political spheres of skepticism and idealism. Roberts discusses the poetry of such figures as Wordsworth and Shelley within the political and historical contexts of post-Kantianism and Romantic irony.

Rosenbaum, S. P. Aspects of Bloomsbury: Studies in Modern English Literary and Intellectual History. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include: "The Philosophical Realism of Virginia Woolf"; "Bertrand Russell: The Logic of a Literary Symbol"; "Bloomsbury Letters"; "Keynes, Lawrence, and Cambridge Revisited"; "E. M. Forster's Aspects of the Novel and Literary History"; "Towards the Literary History of A Room of One's Own"; "Leonard and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press"; and "Wittgenstein in Bloomsbury."

Ross, Trevor Thornton. The Making of the English Literary Canon: From the Middle Ages to the Late Eighteenth Century. Montreal: McGill-Queen's UP, 1998.

Ross discusses the possibility of a pre-eighteenth-century emergence of canon formation. In addition to challenging widely held beliefs about education and early critical approaches to literary study, Ross examines the institutionalization of English literature from the Middle Ages through the eighteenth century. Ross traces the evolution of cultural attitudes towards literature in English society, with particular emphasis upon the diverse interests and assumptions that defined and shaped the literary canon.

Roulston, Christine. Virtue, Gender, and the Authentic Self in Eighteenth- Century Fiction: Richardson, Rousseau, and Laclos. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1998.

Roulston explores the interconnections between confession and bourgeois writing in eighteenth-century fiction. Drawing from works by Richardson, Rousseau, and Laclos, Roulston discusses the notion of authenticity and the sentimental form. Roulston devotes particular attention to sentimental writing and the construction of gender difference.

Sanborn, Geoffrey. The Sign of the Cannibal: Melville and the Making of a Postcolonial Reader. Durham: Duke UP, 1998.

Sanborn discusses the post-Enlightenment discourse on cannibalism. Drawing upon such Melville works as "Benito Cereno," Typee, and Moby-Dick, among others, Sanborn examines the spectacle of savagery in Melville's fictions. Sanborn investigates various postcolonial aspects of Melville's novels and stories.

Schirmer, Gregory A. Out of What Began: A History of Irish Poetry in English. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1998.

Schirmer traces the development of the Irish tradition in poetry across three centuries. Drawing upon the works of poets ranging from Jonathan Swift to Seamus Heaney, Schirmer considers the evolving political and social environments in which they lived and wrote. Schirmer emphasizes the significance of political poetry in a nation that continues to be torn by violence and social strife.

Schoch, Richard W. Shakespeare's Victorian Stage: Performing History in the Theatre of Charles Kean. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Schoch investigates the revivals of Shakespeare's history plays as staged by Charles Kean, the renowned Victorian actor-manager. In addition to analyzing a range of Victorian Shakespearean productions, Schoch affords attention to such issues as sets, costumes, staging, properties, and audience. Drawing upon promptbooks, scenic designs, costume sketches, and contemporary reviews, Schoch places Kean's productions within the context of the Victorian theatrical scene.

Shulman, James L. The Pale Cast of Thought: Hesitation and Decision in the Renaissance Epic. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Shulman focuses upon specific moments of decision-making in the epic poems of Ariosto, Tasso, Spenser, and Milton. In addition to assessing the nature of heroic decisions in these works, Shulman demonstrates the ways in which such epic poems feature reflective heroes who resist the impulses of traditional heroism. Shulman argues that such reflective, hesitant moments reveal the evolutionary transition of the epic into the novel.

Shweder, Richard A., ed. Welcome to Middle Age!: And Other Cultural Fictions. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Selections include: Shweder's "Introduction: Welcome to Middle Age!"; Margaret Morganroth Gullette's "Midlife Discourses in the Twentieth-Century United States: An Essay on the Sexuality, Ideology, and Politics of 'Middle-Ageism"'; Margaret Lock's "Deconstructing the Change: Female Maturation in Japan and North America"; Sudhir Kakar's "The Search for Middle Age in India"; Bradd Shore's "Status Reversal: The Coming of Aging in Samoa"; Usha Menon and Shweder's "The Return of the 'White Man's Burden': The Moral Discourse of Anthropology and the Domestic Life of Hindu Women"; Robert A. LeVine and Sarah LeVine's "Fertility and Maturity in Africa: Gusii Parents in Middle Adulthood"; Thomas S. Weisner and Lucinda P. Bernheimer's "Children of the 1960s at Midlife: Generational Identity and the Family Adaptive Project"; and Katherine Newman's "Place and Race: Midlife Experience in Harlem."

Silkin, Jon. Out of Battle: The Poetry of the Great War. 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Silkin provides a close reading of the poetry of the First World War and assesses its essential contributions to twentieth-century verse. Drawing upon works by such figures as Siegfried Sassoon, Herbert Read, Richard Aldington, Wilfred Owen, Isaac Rosenberg, and David Jones, Silkin argues that the war poetry of World War I finds its roots in nineteenth-century Romanticism. Silkin also devotes attention to Thomas Hardy's trilogy, The Dynasts.

Silver, Carole G. Strange Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.

Silver examines the hidden web of connections between the Victorian fascination with fairies and the dominant preoccupations of Victorian culture. Using works by such writers and artists as Thomas Carlyle, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Charlotte Mew, and Aubrey Beardsley, among others, Silver assesses the anthropological, folkloric, legal, historical, and medical aspects of the place of fairies in the Victorian consciousness. Silver identifies a pervasive eroticism and a sense of sexual anxiety in the Victorian social, literary, and cultural approach to the world of fairies and folklore.

Skinner, Gillian. Sensibility and Economics in the Novel, 1740-1800. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.

Skinner contends that the sentimental novel participated in contemporary economic and political debates during the eighteenth century. Using a variety of economic texts by such figures as Adam Smith, James Steuart, Bernard Mandeville, and David Hume, among others, Skinner links sentimentalism with the developing discourses in economics during that era. Skinner examines the ways in which the economic pressures of the post-Revolutionary 1790s affected the rise and fall of the sentimental novel.

Smith, Vanessa. Literary Culture and the pacific: Nineteenth-Century Textual Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Smith discusses a range of nineteenth-century European accounts from the Pacific. In addition to discussing textual depictions of Polynesian responses to imported metropolitan culture, Smith examines the manner in which such texts offered self-affirming images of "native" wonderment at European culture. Smith devotes particular attention to the works of Robert Louis Stevenson, especially his late Pacific writings.

Snell, K. D. M., ed. The Regional Novel in Britain and Ireland, 1800-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: Snell's "The Regional Novel: Themes for Interdisciplinary Research"; Liz Bellamy's "Regionalism and Nationalism: Walter Scott and the Definition of Britishness"; Harriet Guest's "The Deep Romance of Manchester: Gaskell's Mary Barton"; John Barrell's "Geographies of Hardy's Wessex"; Philip Dodd's "Gender and Cornwall: Charles Kingsley to Daphne du Maurier"; Declan Kiberd's "James Joyce and Mythic Realism"; Robert Coles's "Cookson, Chaplin, and Common: Three Northern Writers in 1951"; M. Wynn Thomas's "Emyr Humphries: Regional Novelist?"; Cairns Craig's "Regionalism and the Scottish Novel"; and Stephen Daniels and Simon Rycroft's "Mapping the Modern City: Alan Sillitoe's Nottingham Novels."

Sohmer, Steve. Shakespeare's Mystery Play: The Opening of the Globe Theatre, 1599. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1999.

Sohmer argues that Shakespeare's Julius Caesar was the first play to be performed at the new Globe Theater on 12 June 1599. Using a variety of astrological, astronomical, calendrical, historical, and hydrological data, Sohmer sheds new light on the opening of the Globe theater, as well as the production history of Julius Caesar.

Spence, Sarah. Texts and the Self in the Twelfth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Spence explores a series of twelfth-century Latin and vernacular texts that articulate a subjective autobiographical stance. In addition to discussing the relation of subject to object in such texts, Spence examines such issues as the self, the body, and the textual nature of language. Spence argues that the self forged in medieval literature found its origins in the twelfth-century shift from a visual to a spatial orientation.

Squillace, Robert. Modernism, Modernity, and Arnold Bennett. Lewisburg: Bucknell UP, 1997.

Squillace traces the unique role of Arnold Bennett in the transformation of the British novel from the aesthetic, psychological, and sociopolitical assumptions of modernity to the tenets of early modernism. Squillace discusses Bennett's contention that the rejection of inherited literary traditions would result in new forms of personal autonomy. Using such works as The Old Wives' Tale and the Clayhanger trilogy, Squillace examines Bennett's depiction of the relationship between human irrationality and desires for human improvement.

Summers, Claude J., and Ted-Larry Pebworth, eds. The English Civil Wars in the Literary Imagination. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1999.

Selections include: Summers and Pebworth's Introduction; Graham Roebuck's "Cavalier"; Tom Cain's "'A Sad Intestine War': Mildmay Fane and the Poetry of Civil Strife"; M. Thomas Hester's "Herricks Masque of Death"; Daniel Jaeckle's "From Witty History to Typology: John Cleveland's 'The King's Disguise"'; Erna Kelly's "'Small Types of Great Ones': Richard Lovelace's Separate Peace"; Alan Rudrum's "Resistance, Collaboration, and Silence: Henry Vaughan and Breconshire Royalism"; Jay Russell Curlin's "'Is There No Temperate Region... ?': Coopers Hill and the Call for Moderation"; Elizabeth Clarke's "The Garrisoned Muse: Women's Use of the Religious Lyric in the Civil War Period"; Hugh Jenkins's "Two Letters to Lord Fairfax: Winstanley Marvell"; Andrew Shifflett's "'A Most Humane Foe': Colonel Robert Overton's War with the Muses"; Robert C. Evans's "Paradox in Poetry and Politics: Katherine Philips in the Interregnum"; Jonathan Rogers's '"We Saw a New Created Day': Restoration Revisions of Civil War Apocalypse"; M. L. Donnelly's "'Ostentation Vain of Fleshly Arm': Milton's Revaluation of the Heroic Celebration of Military Virtue"; Diane Purkiss's "Dismembering and Remembering: The English Civil War and Male Identity"; and Catherine Gimelli Martin's "The Phoenix and the Crocodile: Milton's Natural Law Debate with Hobbes Retried in the Tragic Forum of Samson Agonistes."

Thurin, Susan Schoenbauer. Victorian Travelers and the Opening of China, 1842-1907. Athens: Ohio UP, 1999.

Thurin explores the roles of Victorian travelers in framing Western impressions of China from 1842 to 1907. Using the works of such writers as Robert Fortune, Archibald Little, and Isabella Bird Bishop, among others, Thurin addresses the biases and cultural perspectives inherent in their diaries, novels, journals, and travel records. Thurin discusses the manner in which Victorians expressed contradictory hopes for both Westernizing China and preserving its uniqueness.

Vance, Norman. The Victorians and Ancient Rome. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

Vance offers a full-length study of the impact on Victorian England of the history and literature of ancient Rome. Demonstrating the effects of Roman life and literature upon a wide variety of Victorian scholars, poets, scientists, and politicians, among others, Vance reveals the ways in which Victorians gained inspiration from the writing, theory, and practice of their Roman precursors. Vance also examines the influence of developments in archeology both at Rome and Pompeii and at Romano-British sites during that era.

Vickers, Ilse. Defoe and the New Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Vickers traces the place of Baconian science in the intellectual and literary development of Daniel Defoe's fictions. In addition to outlining the principles of Baconian scientific theory, Vickers explores the effect of Baconian science upon Defoe's thinking and writing practices. Vickers devotes particular attention to Defoe's familiarity with the ideals of experimental philosophy.

Walker, Greg. The Politics of Performance in Early Renaissance Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Walker offers an account of the relationship between politics and drama during the period from the accession of Henry VIII to the reign of Elizabeth I. Drawing upon the works of a variety of Elizabethan literary figures, Walker examines the political drama taking place in England and Scotland. Walker provides readers with a detailed analysis of the dramatic form of the interlude or great hall play.

Warner, William B. Licensing Entertainment: The Elevation of Novel Reading in Britain, 1684-1750. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998.

Warner discusses novels as a respectable component of English culture and traces their emergence from 1684 through 1750. Drawing upon the works of such figures as Behn, Manley, Richardson, and Fielding, among others, Warner examines the ways in which critics sought to redefine the novel as a morally respectable medium. Warner traces the literary history of the English novel in order to elucidate the boundaries of a more inclusive English cultural history.

Watt, James. Contesting the Gothic: Fiction, Genre, and Cultural Conflict,1764-1832. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Watt offers an historically grounded account of Gothic fiction. In addition to taking issue with the genre's critical status as a stable and continuous tradition, Watt describes the various kinds of classification of Gothic fiction expressed by writers and readers between 1764 and 1832. Watt features close readings of such works as Walpole's The Castle of Otranto and Scott's Waverley novels, among others.

Whalen, Terence. Edgar Allan Poe and the Masses: The Political Economy of Literature in Antebellum America. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1999.

Whalen demonstrates the ways in which Edgar Allan Poe was in many ways America's most representative commercial writer. In addition to exploring the antebellum literary environment in which Poe lived and worked, Whalen discusses the effects of economic conflict, political strife, and the emergence of the American literary marketplace upon Poe's writing practices. Whalen devotes attention to the manner in which Poe attempted to escape financial hardship by experimenting with new literary forms and genres.

White, Martin. Renaissance Drama in Action: An Introduction to Aspects of Theatre Practice and Performance. London: Routledge, 1998.

White addresses Renaissance theatrical practices and staging techniques. In addition to exploring the lives and work of such modern theater practitioners as Stephen Jeffreys, Harriet Walter, Adrian Noble, and Matthew Warchus, White relates the characteristics of Renaissance theater to the issues involved in staging plays today. White provides an introduction to Elizabethan and Jacobean drama with particular emphasis upon its relationship to contemporary theater and staging.

Wilson-Tagoe, Nana. Historical Thought and Literary Representation in West Indian Literature. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1998.

Wilson assesses the scope and limits of West Indian historiography. In addition to providing readers with a critical context for defining the subject and form of West Indian literature, Wilson explores the aesthetics of the West Indian novel in terms of its debt to the historical and mythic imagination. Wilson offers close readings of works by such figures as Edgar Mittelholzer, V. S. Reid, V. S. Naipaul, Derek Walcott, and Edward Brathwaite, among others.

Winter, James. Secure from Rash Assault: Sustaining the Victorian Environment. Berkeley: U of California P, 1999.

Winter discusses the effect upon the Victorian countryside of unprecedented innovation and population growth during the nineteenth century. Winter argues that--despite revolutionary changes that might have resulted in long-term ecological damage--the British environment was spared such a disastrous fate. Winter examines the impact of technology and land use on Victorian economics, society, politics, and culture.

Witemeyer, Hugh, ed. The Future of Modernism. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1997.

Woodard, Helena. African-British Writings in the Eighteenth Century: The Politics of Race and Reason. Westport: Greenwood, 1999.

Selections include: Witemeyer's "Introduction: Modernism Resartus"; Sanford Schwartz's "The Postmodernity of Modernism"; Jeffrey M. Perl's "Passing the Time: Modernism versus New Criticism"; Ronald Bush's "James Joyce, Eleanor Marx, and the Future of Modernism"; Holly Laird's "Laughter and Nonsense in the Making and (Postmodern) Remaking of Modernism"; Vicki Mahaffey's "Heirs of Yeats: Eire as Female Poets Revise Her"; Christopher MacGowan's '"Caresses-- Withheld': William Carlos Williams's Dialogue with the Future"; James Longenbach's "Modern Poetry after Modernism: The Example of Richard Wilbur"; George Bornstein's "The Once and Future Texts of Modernist Poetry"; Michael Groden's "Wandering in the Avant-texte: Joyce's 'Cyclops' Copybook Revisited"; Robert Spoo's "H. D. Prosed: The Future of an Imagist Poet"; and Mary FitzGerald's "The Electronic Future of Modernist Studies."

Woodard explores issues of race and reason in eighteenth-century African-British writings. Drawing upon works by such figures as Alexander Pope, Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, Ignatius Sancho, and Laurence Sterne, among others, Woodard traces the emergence of an Enlightenment humanism. Woodard addresses the politics of race and gender in various works of colonial and theological discourse.

Wussow, Helen. The Nightmare of History: The Fictions of Virginia Woolf and D. H. Lawrence. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Wussow investigates the influence of the First World War on the literary and cultural attitudes of Virginia Woolf and D. H. Lawrence. In addition to examining the interconnections between Woolf and Lawrence's conceptions about the dislocations and horrors of war, Wussow discusses each writer's perspective regarding the probability of postwar cultural resurrection. Wussow traces Woolf and Lawrence's use of language through their respective approaches to personal relationships and public or cultural history.

Zaczek, Barbara Maria. Censored Sentiments: Letters and Censorship in Epistolary Novels and Conduct Material. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1997.

Zaczek addresses women as letter writers during the era in which epistolary fiction emerged as a popular form. Using works by such figures as Aphra Behn, Mary Hearne, and Eliza Haywood, Zaczek examines the role of epistolary fiction in English, French, Italian, and American society. Zaczek discusses the manner in which letter writers attempted to please their correspondents, as well as to satisfy the whims of censors and to achieve a perfect specimen of female epistolary writing.

Zwicker, Steven N., ed. The Cambridge Companion to English Literature, 1650-1740. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include: John Spurr' s "England, 1649-1750: Differences Contained?"; Michael Seidel's "Satire, Lampoon, Libel, Slander"; Margaret A. Doody's "Gender, Literature, and Gendering Literature in the Restoration"; Jessica Munns's "Theatrical Culture I: Politics and Theater"; "James A. Winn's

"Theatrical Culture II: Theater and Music"; Joshua Scodel's "Lyric Forms"; Paul Hammond's "Classical Texts: Translations and Transformations"; Cedric C. Brown's "'This Islands Watchful Centinel': Anti-Catholicism and ProtoWhiggery"; Zwicker's "John Dryden"; Ros Ballaster's "John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester"; Margaret Ferguson's "The Authorial Ciphers of Aphra Behn"; John Mullan's "Swift, Defoe, and Narrative Forms"; Patricia Springborg's "Mary Astell and John Locke"; and Donna Landry's "Alexander Pope, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, and the Literature of Social Comment."

William Baker (wbaker@niu.edu), MLS, is Professor, Department of English and University Libraries, at Northern Illinois University. He is the Editor of George Eliot-George Henry Lewes Studies and his two-volume edition of The Letters of Wilkie Collins was recently published by Macmillan Press. He recently completed a third volume of George Henry Lewes's correspondence, which includes previously unpublished George Eliot letters.

Kenneth Womack (kawl6@psu.edu) is Assistant Professor of English at Penn State Altoona. In addition to co-authoring Recent Work in Critical Theory, 1989-1995: An Annotated Bibliography and co-editing the Dictionary of Literary Biography's three-volume British Book-Collectors and Bibliographers series, he has published numerous articles on twentieth-century British and American literature, as well as on bibliography and textual criticism. He is the Editor of Interdisciplinary Literary Studies: A Journal of Criticism and Theory.

(*.) Thanks must go to colleagues without whom this bibliography could not have been compiled, especially to Andrea E. Womack. James Millhorn, head of the Acquisitions and Serials department, Northern Illinois University, and his staff.

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