Recent work in critical theory

William Baker

This alphabetically arranged bibliography annotates recently published books and is based primarily on materials coming into the Northern Illinois University libraries between August 1997 and August 1998. Inclusion does not mean exclusion in a subsequent Style bibliography or review. Our remarks will simply convey the basic content of each item as objectively as possible. The publication dates for most of the items are 1997 and 1998, although some monographs have earlier imprints.

As noted in previous surveys of "Recent Work in Critical Theory," it has been difficult to arrange systematically in subject categories the wealth of recent material in the field of critical theory; some placement is ineluctably arbitrary. While only too aware of the limitations of categories, we have adopted the following rubrics: 1. General; 2. Semiotics, Narratology, Rhetoric, and Language Systems; 3. Postmodernism and Deconstruction; 4. Reader-Response and Phenomenological Criticism; 5. Feminist and Gender Studies; 6. Psychoanalytic Criticism; 7. Cultural and Historical Criticism.

(1) General

Adey, Lionel. C. S. Lewis, Writer, Dreamer, and Mentor. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Adey surveys the development of C. S. Lewis as a maker and reader of books. Adey demonstrates the ways in which the two sides of Lewis's personality - the "Dreamer" and the "Mentor" - affected his writing in its various modes: literary history and criticism, fiction for adults and for children, poetry, essays and addresses, and letters. Additionally, Adey explores the formative biographical events in Lewis's life and offers an estimate of Lewis's achievement and legacy as a writer.

Allen, Michael, ed. Seamus Heaney: Contemporary Critical Essays. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Selections include Allen's introduction; Christopher Ricks's "Growing Up: Review of Death of a Naturalist"; Conor Cruise O'Brien's "A Slow North-east Wind: Review of North"; Edna Longley's "'Inner Emigre' or 'Artful Voyeur'?: Seamus Heaney's North"; Seamus Deane's "Seamus Heaney: The Timorous and the Bold"; Eamonn Hughes's "Representations in Modern Irish Poetry"; Ricks's "The Mouth, the Meal, and the Book: Review of Field Work"; Terry Eagleton's "Review of Field Work"; Neil Corcoran's "Writing a Bare Wire: Station Island"; Heaney's "The Government of the Tongue"; Thomas Docherty's "The Sign of the Cross: Review of The Government of the Tongue"; David Lloyd's "'Pap for the Dispossessed': Seamus Heaney and the Poetics of Identity"; Patricia Coughlan's "'Bog Queens': The Representation of Women in the Poetry of John Montague and Seamus Heaney"; Docherty's "Ana-; or Postmodernism, Landscape"; Stan Smith's "The Distance Between: Seamus Heaney"; and Richard Kirkland's "Paradigms of Possibility: Seamus Heaney."

Allen, Richard, and Murray Smith, eds. Film Theory and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Selections include Allen and Smith's "Introduction: Film Theory and Philosophy"; Gregory Currie's "The Film Theory That Never Was: A Nervous Manifesto"; Kendall L. Walton's "On Pictures and Photographs: Objections Answered"; Allen's "Looking at Motion Pictures"; Edward Branigan's "Sound, Epistemology, Film"; Paisley Livingston's "Cinematic Authorship"; Berys Gaut's "Film Authorship and Collaboration"; Noel Carroll's "Fiction, Non-Fiction, and the Film of Presumptive Assertion: A Conceptual Analysis"; Trevor Ponech's "What is Non-Fiction Cinema?"; George Wilson's "On Film Narrative and Narrative Meaning"; Jennifer Hammett's "The Ideological Impediment: Epistemology, Feminism, and Film Theory"; Hector Rodriguez's "Ideology and Film Culture"; Tommy L. Lott's "Aesthetics and Politics in Contemporary Black Film Theory"; Peter Kivy's "Music in the Movies: A Philosophical Enquiry"; Flo Leibowitz's "Personal Agency Theories of Expressiveness and the Movies"; Deborah Knight's "Aristotelians on Speed: Paradoxes of Genre in the Context of Cinema"; Carl Plantinga's "Notes on Spectator Emotion and Ideological Film Criticism"; Dirk Eitzen's "Comedy and Classicism"; Smith's "Imagining From the Inside"; and Malcolm Turvey's "Seeing Theory: On Perception and Emotional Response in Current Film Theory."

Allen, Vivien. Hall Caine: Portrait of a Victorian Romancer. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1997.

Lavishly illustrated, Allen's study of Caine's life addresses the writer's impact upon the literary world. In addition to discussing the novelist's significant relationship with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Allen explores Caine's association with such figures as Bram Stoker, Christina Rossetti, and George Bernard Shaw, among others. Using previously unpublished archives and correspondence, Allen concludes her volume with a selection of useful appendices, including "The Letters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Hall Caine"; "Hall Caine (1853-1931): A Select Bibliography"; and a "Caine Family Tree."

Arnold, Bruce. Jack Yeats: A Biography. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.

Arnold offers a new biography devoted to the life and work of Jack Yeats, the twentieth-century Irish artist. In addition to discussing Yeats's relationships with such luminaries as John Masefield, John Millington Synge, and Samuel Beckett, among others, Arnold examines Yeats's complex association with older brother, poet William Butler Yeats. Arnold affords special attention to the analysis of Yeats's various attempts at crafting drawings, illustrations, comic cartoons, novels, and plays.

Balakian, Nona. The Worm of William Saroyan. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Balakian interprets the works of William Saroyan within the context of the author's life as an immigrant and his identification with the American character of the 1930s. Balakian devotes particular attention to Saroyan's contributions to a diversity of genres, including theatre, short story writing, the novella, and autobiography. Balakian also affords attention to the post-World War II climate that fostered Saroyan's inability to cope with the future and all that it entailed.

Barker, Juliet. The Brontes: A Life in Letters. Woodstock: Overlook, 1998.

Barker employs the correspondence of Charlotte, Emily, Anne, Branwell, and their father Patrick Bronte in an expansive new biographical study of the nineteenth century's most famous literary family. In addition to exploring the four siblings' dramatic childhood, Barker addresses the development of each Bronte's authorial voice. Barker's reproductions of the Brontes' letters allow each family member to tell his or her own story, from the remarkable successes of their fictions through the loneliness, ill health, and grief that marked their later years.

Bate, Jonathan. The Genius of Shakespeare. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Bate offers a biographical study of Shakespeare's talent and reputation extending beyond his own lifetime. In addition to exploring the origins and development of his works, Bate addresses the effects of Shakespeare's sonnets and plays on successive generations. Bate devotes particular attention to the manner in which Shakespeare influenced future writers and artists such as Berlioz, Verdi, Fuseli, and Freud, among others.

Beasley, Jerry C. Tobias Smollett: Novelist. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1998.

Beasley investigates Smollett's literary forays into the novel, drama, poetry, journalism, history, travel writing, criticism, and translation. Beasley affords particular attention to Smollett's longer fictional works, including Roderick Random, Peregrine Pickle, Sir Launcelot Greaves, and Humphry Clinker, among others. Beasley argues that Smollett's fiction is marked by the writer's intensely visual imagination, a talent that allowed him to reveal the inherently visual qualities of the private, interior life.

Beckson, Karl. The Oscar Wilde Encyclopedia. New York: AMS, 1998.

Beckson's expansive encyclopedia devoted to the life and work of Oscar Wilde provides a wealth of useful material. Beckson addresses each of Wilde's published works in detail, including plot summaries, character histories, and publication information. In addition to featuring entries on Wilde's 1882 lecture tour of America, Beckson's volume offers selections that explore nearly every aspect of Wilde's biographical and literary life, as well as his cultural and literary impact on twentieth-century letters.

Bloch, Ernst. Literary Essays. Trans. Andrew Joron, et al. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

"In Itself"; "Depending on Which"; "Saving Face"; "Good Advice"; "Letter and Book"; "Mummy and Fine Wine"; "Dearly Bought Armoires"; "Poor Vantage"; "Ever Onward"; "As If in Print": "No Fuss"; "A Whole Page of Glad Tidings"; "The Usual, Quite Instructive, Survey of Books"; "Still in Luxurious Binding"; "Lehar-Mozart"; "The Full Beard as Harp"; "Steiner's Uralinda Chronicle"; "Lenard's German Physics"; "Cultural Bolshevism Unpacked"; "The Familiar Weir"; "A Different Position"; "Two Inscriptions"; "From Torture to the Court of No Appeal"; "The Pious Prohibition of German Art Criticism"; "Nobel Prize and Expatriation"; "Spengler and Russia"; "Consciousness as Doom"; "The Faithful Child's Holy Christ"; "Significant Change in Cinematic Fables"; "Elsewhere, Things Happen"; "The Inn in the Spessart"; "Pontoppidan's Novel Lucky Hans"; "Ulrik Brendel's Talent (in Rosmersholm)"; "The Art of Speaking Schiller"; "Schiller in Weimar: High Point and Turning Point"; "Poetry in Hollow Space"; "Marxism and Poetry"; "On the Present in Literature"; "A Scarcity of Themes for Opera"; "Taking Mercantile Latin Seriously"; "Further Asides"; "The Homeland's Bitter Art"; "Afterword to Hebel's Schatzkastlein"; "On Music in the Cinema"; "The Musical Stratum in Cinema, Revisited"; "On an Anthology of Figurative Art from Africa and the South Pacific"; "The Fairy Tale Moves On Its Own in Time"; "Tricot and State Uniform"; "Tichtenberg and the Like, from Above and Below"; "On the Text of Beckmesser's Prize Song"; "Arrival and Overtures"; "A Drawing by Kubin"; "Hans Sachs's Address to the Elder-Blossoms"; "The Awakening"; "The Unbearable Moment"; "Sledding at Eye Level"; "Self-Portrait Without Mirror"; "Great Moments That Pass Unnoticed"; "Images of Deja Vu"; "A Philosophical View of the Detective Novel"; "A Philosophical View of the Novel of the Artist"; "Alienation, Estrangement"; "On The Tales of Hoffman"; "The Magic Flute and Contemporary Symbols"; "Paradoxes and Pastorale in Wagner"; "Magic Rattle and Human Harp"; "Destruction and Salvation of Myth Through Light"; "The Anxiety of the Engineer"; "Technology and Ghostly Apparitions"; "Hebel, Gotthelf, and the Rustic Tao"; "Can Hope Be Disappointed?"; "The Song of Pirate Jenny in The Threepenny Opera"; "Ponce de Leon, Bimini, and the Fountain"; "Short Way"; "Silent Land"; "Salons in the Dust"; "Wasteland and Small Town"; "A Pleasant Recollection of Mannheim"; "Berlin, as Viewed from the Landscape"; "St. Paul's Worms"; "The Three Fratellini, or the Ramps of Arcadia"; "Astonishment at the Rhine Falls"; "Excavation of the Brocken"; "Autumn, Marsh, Heath, and Secession"; "On Images of Nature Since the End of the Nineteenth Century"; "The Rock Dove, the Neanderthal, and the True Human"; "Loch Ness, the Sea Monster, and Dacque's Legend of the Primeval World"; "Trader Horn in Africa"; "At the Strasbourg Cathedral"; "The Alps without Photography"; "The Maloja-Chiavenna Drift"; "The Italian Night of Venice"; "Italy and Porosity"; "The Empire of Syagrius"; "Burial Ground and Commemoration of Utopias, Geographically Considered: Prairie and Steppe"; "Goethe's Drawing The Ideal Landscape"; "Landscape Around New Year's Eve and New Year's Day"; "Decelerated Time, Accelerated Time, and Space"; "False Freshness"; "The So-Called Jewish Question"; "Greetings to Klemperer as 'Conductor' of the Masters"; "Must Books Have Fates?"; "Spoken and Written Syntax: Anacoluthon"; "On Fine Arts in the Machine Age"; "Architecture and the Stone Age"; "Antigone and Beethoven's Leonore"; and "On a Metaphor in Keller."

Bloom, Clive. Cult Fiction: Popular Reading and Pulp Theory. New York, St. Martin's, 1996.

Bloom offers an introductory study of pulp literature and cult fiction, genres in which contemporary popular culture narrates its themes of violence, sensationalism, and eroticism. Bloom explores the publishing and reading practices of pulp literature in England and the United States, as well as the genre's commercial problems. Bloom also examines such issues as pulp literature's canon, its encounters with censorship, and its place in the ongoing debate regarding the discrepancies between high and low culture.

Bloom, James D. The Literary Bent: In Search of High Art in Contemporary Fiction. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1997.

Bloom identifies traditional notions of literary greatness in the works of such contemporary writers as Robert Stone, Jane Smiley, Salman Rushdie, Toni Morrison, Adrienne Rich, and Robert Pinsky, among others. Bloom argues that each writer displays the necessary critical awareness of their literary forebears while arousing curiosity among their contemporary readership. Bloom also explores the manner in which these writers enhance their contemporary reputations, communicating with the various nonliterary media that dominate the popular culture of our age.

Booth, Martin. The Doctor, the Detective, and Arthur Conan Doyle: A Biography of Arthur Conan Doyle. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1997.

Booth offers a new study of the biographical and literary lives of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Booth devotes particular attention to Conan Doyle's formative years in which he suffered a poverty-stricken childhood at the hands of an alcoholic father. After abandoning his medical training, Conan Doyle finally pursued the literary career which earned him great wealth and fame. Booth also discusses the qualities that ensured Conan Doyle's success, including his enormous self-confidence and stubbornness, as well as his refusal to pass up any opportunity for adventure.

Botting, Fred. Gothic. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Botting traces the origins, sources, and developments of the Gothic as a transgressive genre that has persisted for more than two centuries. In addition to addressing the genre's history from the eighteenth century through its modernist and postmodernist representations, Botting examines Gothicism's themes, images, and literary effects. Botting discusses a variety of prevalent Gothic forms, including ghosts, monsters, vampires, and doubles.

Brand, Peter, and Lino Pertile, eds. The Cambridge History of Italian Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include Jonathan Usher's "Origins and Duecento"; Pertile's "Dante"; Pamela D. Stewart's "Boccaccio"; John Took's "Petrarch"; Steven Botterill's "Minor Writers"; Brian Richardson's "Prose"; Peter Marinelli's "Narrative Poetry"; Anthony Oldcorn's "Lyric Poetry"; Richard Andrews's "Theatre"; Paolo Cherchi's "The Seicento: Poetry, Philosophy, and Science"; David Kimbell's "Opera"; Franco Fido's "The Settecento"; Kimbell's "Opera since 1800"; Robert Dombroski's "Writer and Society in the New Italy"; Felicity Firth's "Pirandello"; Dombroski's "The Rise and Fall of Fascism (1910-45)"; John Gatt-Rutter's "The Aftermath of the Second World War (1945-56)" and Michael Caesar's "Contemporary Italy (Since 1956)."

Breeze, Andrew. Medieval Welsh Literature. Dublin: Four Courts, 1997.

Breeze offers an historical introduction to the literature of medieval Wales, surveying the development of this national literature over more than a thousand years. Breeze devotes attention to the heroic poems of Aneirin and Taliesin, the tales of magic and romance in The Mabinogion, and the comic exploits of fourteenth-century writer Dafydd ap Gwilym. Breeze affords special attention to an analysis of the authorship of The Four Branches of the Mabinogi, which he ascribes to Gwenllian, the wife of a medieval prince.

Brewer, Gay. Charles Bukowski. New York: Twayne, 1997. Brewer surveys the life and work of Charles Bukowski. In addition to tracing the origins and development of the writer's novels, poems, and short fiction, Brewer addresses the themes of desolation and ennui that mark Bukowski's aesthetic. Brewer concludes the volume with useful primary and secondary bibliographies of works by and about Bukowski.

Brink, Andre. The Novel: Language and Narrative from Cervantes to Calvino. New York: New York UP, 1998.

Brink explores the postmodern novel's extremely narcissistic involvement with language through an expansive, 500-year survey of the genre from the age of Cervantes through recent works by Italo Calvino and A. S. Byatt. Brink contends that this self-consciousness has been a defining characteristic of the novel since the origins of the genre. Using recent postmodernist insights in the novel and narrative theory, Brink argues that postmodernist texts often ironically remain more firmly rooted in convention than their modernist precursors.

Burke, Frank G. Research and the Manuscript Tradition. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1997.

Burke offers an expansive study of the nuances and evolution of academic research and manuscript study. Burke provides discussion on the various uses of manuscripts for research and advice on administering manuscript and archival collections and institutions. Burke concludes his volume with a valuable bibliography that lists sources on archival records, manuscript collections, and other secondary materials regarding archival research and manuscript study.

Caygill, Howard. Walter Benjamin: The Colour of Experience. London: Routledge, 1998.

Caygill provides an introduction to the often controversial arguments of Weimar philosopher and critic Walter Benjamin. Caygill argues that Benjamin's work finds its origins in the Kantian concept of experience, which Benjamin subsequently applies to such diverse topics as urban experience, visual art, literature, and philosophy. Caygill investigates Benjamin's concept of experience in his early writings, contending that the critic's Kantian perspective develops from an engagement with visual experience, particularly in terms of color.

Chisholm, Kate. Fanny Burney: Her Life, 1752-1840. London: Chatto and Windus, 1998.

Chisholm offers a new biography of the life and work of Fanny Burney. In addition to including close readings of such works as Evelina; or The History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the Worm and Cecilia; or Memoirs of an Heiress, Chisholm traces the influence of Burney's work upon the writers of her day and beyond. Chisholm concludes her study with useful listings of published and unpublished Burney family papers, as well as a bibliography of works by and about Burney.

Cline, Sally. Radclyffe Hall: A Woman Called John. London: John Murray, 1997.

Cline traces the controversial life and work of Radclyffe Hall. Cline devotes special attention to the composition, publication, and subsequent obscenity trial of The Well of Loneliness, Hall's most notorious novel. Cline also addresses Hall's associations with such figures as Djuna Barnes, Mabel Batten, Una Troubridge, and Evguenia Souline, among others.

Cobbs, John L. Understanding John le Carre. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1998.

Cobbs offers a valuable introductory study to the life and work of John le Carre. In addition to tracing the origins and development of the writer's literary career, Cobbs assesses le Carre's substantial canon of mystery and espionage novels. Cobbs explores a variety of themes in le Carre's fiction, including his interest in examining the nature of conflicting loyalties, personal betrayal, and misguided idealism, among other subjects.

Cole, Phyllis. Mary Moody Emerson and the Origins of Transcendentalism: A Family History. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Cole offers a new biography of Mary Moody Emerson. Using a wealth of unpublished materials and the subject's long lost diary, Cole explores the extent of Mary's influence upon her nephew Ralph Waldo Emerson. Cole also discusses Mary's own historical standing as writer, thinker, spiritual seeker, and self-reliant and self-creating woman.

Conner, Lester I. A Yeats Dictionary: Persons and Places in the Poetry of William Butler Yeats. Syracuse: Syracuse UP, 1998.

Conner provides a unique reference guide for the study of Yeats's poetry. In addition to offering insight into the host of names and places that mark Yeats's verse, Conner explains the historical, mythological, and literary nuances of his work. Conner also features etymological guides to the accepted spelling of Irish proper names and place names employed by Yeats. The volume concludes with a useful chapter on "Genealogical Information."

Cook, Judith. Priestley. London: Bloomsbury, 1997.

Cook traces the life and work of J. B. Priestley, the prolific English essayist, playwright, screenwriter, biographer, and critic. Cook devotes particular attention to such works as Priestley's English Journey, his journal of his travels around the country in the Depression-era 1930s. Cook also discusses Priestley's influential relationships with such luminaries as H. G. Wells, Clement Atlee, Harold Wilson, Charlie Chaplin, Groucho Marx, and Gracie Fields, among others.

Cooper, Robert M. The Literary Guide and Companion to Southern England. Athens: Ohio UP, 1998.

Cooper offers a literary tour through the English countryside, with particular attention to the literary haunts that mark Southern England. In addition to often entertaining asides about the exploits of such figures as Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, William Blake, and John Fowles, among a host of others, Cooper provides readers with an introductory guide to England's cultural landscape.

Coursen, Herbert R. Macbeth: A Guide to the Play. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Coursen's reference guide for the study of Macbeth features chapters on the play's textual history, its contexts and sources, and dramatic structure. Coursen offers a series of critical approaches to the play, as well as attention to its themes and the nuances of its performance. Coursen devotes particular attention to the application of recent theoretical paradigms - psychoanalysis, feminist and postmodernist criticism, for example - to our contemporary understanding of Macbeth.

_____. Teaching Shakespeare with Film and Television: A Guide. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Coursen's volume provides students and teachers alike with a valuable introductory guide to the study of Shakespeare in television and film productions of his work. In addition to making distinctions about the various visual media in which Shakespearean productions have become available, Coursen offers chapters on researching and writing about this field of Shakespearean study. Coursen also devotes attention to the narrative boundaries of the script and the various ways in which actors and directors interpret a given screenplay's contents.

Crane, Ralph, and Jennifer Livett. Troubled Pleasures: The Fiction of J. G. Farrell. Dublin: Four Courts, 1997.

Crane and Livett trace the life and work of J. G. Farrell, the author of such works as Troubles, The Siege of Krishnapur, and The Singapore Grip, among others. Crane and Livett explore Farrell's various efforts at literary experimentation during the 1960s, as well as the author's attempts at composing postmodern historiographic metafiction. They conclude their study with a valuable primary and secondary bibliography of works by and about Farrell.

Cunningham, James. Shakespeare's Tragedies and Modern Critical Theory. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Cunningham offers new readings of Shakespeare's tragedies using a multiplicity of critical paradigms, including Marxist, poststructuralist, and feminist interpretive methodologies. Cunningham juxtaposes these readings with an intriguing humanist analysis of Shakespeare's work. Cunningham provides additional close readings of the tragedies using such interpretive modes as new historicism and cultural materialism.

Day, Gary, ed. Literature and Culture in Modern Britain: Volume Two, 19301955. New York: Longman, 1997.

Selections include Day's introduction; Jessica Maynard's "'Not The Sweet Home That It Looks': British Poetry, 1930-1955"; Maggie Clune, Day, and Chris Maguire's "Decline and Fall?: The Course of the Novel"; Michael Hayes's "Popular Fiction, 1930-1955"; Michael Woolf's "In Minor Key: Theatre, 1930-1955"; Nicholas Rance's "British Newspapers, 1930-1955"; Robert Giddings's "Radio in Peace and War"; Lez Cooke's "British Cinema: Class, Culture and Consensus, 1930-1955"; David Masters's "Going Modern and Being British: Art in Britain, 1930-1955"; Robert Bleil, Peter Driver, and Benedict Samaker's "Popular Music in Britain, 1930-1955"; and John Morris's "Technology, 1930-1955."

Dillingham, William B. Melville and His Circle: The Last Years. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1996. Dillingham offers what he calls a revisionist biography of the life and work of Herman Melville. Dillingham devotes particular attention to Melville's "quiet years" - the period in which the author's creative powers were ostensibly on the wane. Dillingham argues instead that Melville, although suffering during this era from ill health and poverty, was in fact entering one of his most creative phases.

Dyer, Daniel. Jack London: A Biography. New York: Scholastic, 1997.

Dyer traces the life and work of Jack London in this reassessment of the American author's literary achievements. In addition to providing new evidence about the writer's various adventures and literary successes, Dyer describes the composition and publication of such works as The Call of the Wild and The Sea Wolf, among a host of others. Dyer concludes his study with an extensive bibliography of works and about London.

Findley, Timothy. The Trials of Ezra Pound. Buffalo: Blizzard, 1995.

Findley concentrates on the intensely public and fractious final years in the life of Ezra Pound. based upon the preliminary hearings of the poet's trials held in Washington, DC, in late 1945 and early 1946, Findley attempts to capture Pound's personal response to the legal events that resulted in his self-destruction. Findley moves beyond the trial's transcripts in order to describe Pound's emotional reactions to his predicament.

Fletcher, Loraine. Charlotte Smith: A Critical Biography. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Fletcher analyzes the life and work of Charlotte Smith, the late eighteenth-century author of such works as the Elegiac Sonnets. In addition to tracing Smith's early life in the West Indies and her harsh experiences at the hands of the English class system, Fletcher examines the writer's various commentaries on the nature of Empire, legalized prostitution, and arranged marriages. Fletcher argues that Smith's legal dilemmas formed the famous legal plot of Dickens's Bleak House, while also demonstrating the manner in which Jane Austen borrowed Smith's satirical fictions in her various novels of manners.

Foldy, Michael S. The Trials of Oscar Wilde: Deviance, Morality, and Late-Victorian Society. New Haven: Yale UP, 1997.

Foldy provides close readings of Wilde's three trials and speculates about the government's possible role in predetermining the writer's legal fate. In addition to analyzing such classic texts as H. Montgomery Hyde's Trials of Oscar Wilde, Foldy discusses the manner in which some government officials during Wilde's era may have attempted to protect Lord Rosebery from a potential scandal involving Wilde. Foldy devotes particular attention to addressing the cultural climate that marked the trials.

Green, Keith, and Jill LeBihan. Critical Theory and Practice: A Coursebook. London: Routledge, 1996.

Green and LeBihan offers a useful new introduction to literary theory. In addition to featuring chapters that explore the central issues and debates of contemporary critical theory, Green and LeBihan provide useful examples and analyses of the field's principal terminology. The volume includes forays into a variety of critical arenas, including linguistics, feminist studies, historical criticism, deconstruction, postcolonialism, and cultural criticism, among other subjects.

Greetham, D.C. Textual Transgressions: Essays Toward the Construction of a Biobibliography. New York: Garland, 1998.

Selections include "A Note on the Texts"; "Text as Transgression, or, How I Came to Live on the Borders"; "Textual Criticism in Graduate Education: A Polemic"; "The Concept of Nature in Bartholomaeus Anglicus"; "Models for Textual Transmission of Translation"; "Normalization: Challenges in Editing Hoccleve"; "A Suspicion of Texts"; "Bowers in Medieval Editing"; "Textual and Literary Theory: Redrawing the Matrix"; "Hoccleve's Persona as a Literary Device"; "Politics and Ideology in Anglo-American Textual Criticism"; "Slips and Errors in Textual Criticism"; "[Textual] Criticism and Deconstruction"; "Manifestation and Accommodation of Textual Theory"; and "Materiality: Book as Meaning."

Hadda, Janet. Isaac Bashevis Singer: A Life. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Hadda offers a new biography of the life and work of Nobel Prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer. Drawing on extensive interviews with Singer's wife, his translators, and other writers, Hadda explores the psychological eccentricities of Singer's fictions. Hadda discusses the childhood isolation that Singer later employed in the compassionate literature that made his name.

Head, Dominic. J. M. Coetzee: Cambridge Studies in African and Caribbean Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Head investigates J. M. Coetzee's role in the mapping the direction of twentieth-century fiction. Head addresses the manner in which Coetzee's work impinges upon such issues as the relationship between postmodernism and postcolonialism, as well as the role of history in the novel. Head assesses the novelist's experiences as a white South African writer engaged with the legacy of colonialism.

Hutner, Gordon, ed. American Literature, American Culture. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999.

Selections include St. Jean de Crevecoeur's "What Is an American?"; Charles Brockden Brown's "To the Public"; an excerpt from William Tudor's North American Review; James Kirk Paulding's "National Literature"; Edgar Allan Poe's "Marginalia"; William Gilmore Simms's "Americanism in Literature"; Margaret Fuller's "American Literature"; Ralph Waldo Emerson's "The American Scholar"; Cornelius Mathews's "Nationality in Literature"; Theodore Parker's "The American Scholar"; Nathaniel Hawthorne's Prefaces to The House of the Seven Gables, Blithedale Romance, and The Marble Faun"; Herman Melville's "Hawthorne and His Mosses"; Frederick Douglass's "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro"; Mary E. Bryan's "How Should Women Write?"; Walt Whitman's "Democratic Vistas"; an excerpt from Henry James's "Hawthorne"; an excerpt from William Dean Howells's Criticism and Fiction; Mark Twain's "Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offences"; William De Forest's "The Great American Novel"; Thomas S. Perry's "American Novels"; Robert Herrick's "The American Novel"; Edith Wharton's "The Great American Novel"; W. E. B. Du Bois's "The Sorrow Songs"; Gertrude Atherton's "Why Is American Literature Bourgeois?"; George Santayana's "The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy"; Van Wyck Brooks's "On Creating a Usable Past"; Irving Babbitt's "The Critic and American Life"; H. L. Mencken's "The American Novel"; Alain Locke's "The New Negro"; Mike Gold's "Proletarian Realism"; John Crowe Ransom's "Reconstructed but Unregenerate"; an excerpt from Constance Rourke's American Humor; Zora Neale Hurston's "Characteristics of Negro Expression"; Kenneth Burke's "Literature as Equipment for Living"; J. Saunders Redding's "The Forerunners"; Philip Rahv's "The Cult of Experience in American Writing"; R. P. Blackmur's "The Economy of the American Writer"; F. O. Matthiessen's "The Responsibilities of the Critic"; Leslie Fiedler's "Come Back to the Raft Ag'in, Huck Honey!"; Lionel Trilling's "Reality in America"; Ralph Ellison's "Richard Wright's Blues"; James Baldwin's "Everbody's Protest Novel"; T. S. Eliot's "American Literature and the American Language"; Henry Nash Smith's "The Myth of the Garden and Turner's Frontier Hypothesis"; Perry Miller's "Errand into the Wilderness"; Americo Paredes's "The Hero's Progress"; Edmund Wilson's "Harriet Beecher Stowe"; Dwight MacDonald's "Masscult and Midcult"; Alfred Kazin's "The Jew as Modern American Writer"; Adrienne Rich's "Vesuvius at Home: The Power of Emily Dickinson"; Nina Baym's "Melodramas of Beset Manhood: How Theories of American Fiction Exclude Women Authors"; William Boelhower's "A Modest Ethnic Proposal"; Jane Tompkins's "'But Is it Any Good?': The Institutionalization of Literary Value"; Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'s "Writing, 'Race', and the Difference It Makes"; Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's "The Beast in the Closet: James and the Writing of Homosexual Panic"; Hortense J. Spillers's "Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe: An American Grammar Book"; Sacvan Bercovitch's "Hawthorne's A-Morality of Compromise"; Toni Morrison's "Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro-American Presence in American Literature"; Walter Benn Michaels's "The Vanishing American"; Fredric Jameson's "The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism"; Gloria Anzaldua's "How to Tame a Wild Tongue"; and Lawrence Buell's "American Literary Emergence as a Postcolonial Phenomenon."

Jackson, John Wyse, and Peter Costello. John Stanislaus Joyce: The Voluminous Life and Genius of James Joyce's Father. London: Fourth Estate, 1997.

Jackson and Costello discuss the substantial role of Joyce's father, John Stanislaus Joyce, in the author's biographical and literary lives. Jackson and Costello narrate the lives of both the father and the son, arguing that John Stanislaus Joyce was a "prodigal" father - prodigal with his money, his repartee, his love of music, gossip, and controversy. Jackson and Costello devote particular attention to John Stanislaus Joyce's remarkable influence upon his son's work, especially in his plots and characters.

Johnson, Greg. Invisible Writer: A Biography of Joyce Carol Oates. New York: Dutton, 1998.

Johnson examines the prolific and influential career of Joyce Carol Oates. Drawing upon hundreds of extensive interviews with the writer's family, friends, colleagues, and Oates herself, Johnson investigates the mysteries and myths surrounding Oates's career. Johnson also provides close readings of Oates's numerous novels and stories, identifying the conflict between intellect and imagination that marks her greatest fictions.

Jones, John. Shakespeare at Work. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995.

Jones addresses Shakespeare's life and work in terms of the playwright's activities as writer and reviser. Jones examines the implications of Shakespeare's revisions for the reader and spectator alike, arguing that such alterations depict the writer attempting to come to terms with the problems of characterization. Jones offers close readings in this regard of such plays as Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Troilus and Cressida, among others.

Kelley, Joseph. Our Joyce: From Outcast to Icon. Austin: U of Texas P, 1998.

Kelley traces the life and work of Joyce, with particular attention to the manner in which the writer's critical reputation has undergone various shifts since his death in 1941. Kelley isolates five defining moments in Joyce's emergence as a literary icon, including such events as the obscenity trial of Ulysses and the publication of Richard Ellmann's landmark biography of Joyce in the 1950s. Kelly also affords attention to the ways in which Joyce has become an intellectual industry in the academic arena.

Klein, Julie Thompson. Crossing Boundaries: Knowledge, Disciplinarities, and Interdisciplinarities. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1996.

Klein explores the contemporary nature of critical theory as an institutionalized project. Klein devotes particular attention to the current trends in interdisciplinarity that mark the academic world and examines the interconnections between such fields as cultural criticism, feminist studies, and postmodernism, among other critical pursuits. Klein also discusses the "texts" and "contexts" of interdisciplinary studies, arguing that boundaries between various fields of inquiry have become diffuse.

Klinkowitz, Jerome. Vonnegut in Fact: The Public Spokesmanship of Personal Fiction. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1998.

Klinkowitz offers an assessment of Vonnegut's artistry and his contemporary presence as a recognizable public spokesperson. Klinkowitz traces the emergence of Vonnegut's nonfiction since the 1960s, while also providing close readings of the writer's journalistic and critical forays. Klinkowitz argues that an understanding of Vonnegut's nonfictional canon allows us to comprehend the role of his public spokesmanship in the development of his artistic expression.

Kopley, Richard, ed. Prospects for the Study of American Literature: A Guide for Scholars and Students. New York: New York UP, 1997.

Selections include Kopley's introduction; Joel Myerson's "Ralph Waldo Emerson"; Elizabeth Hall Witherell's "Henry David Thoreau"; Kent P. Ljungquist's "Edgar Allan Poe"; John Bryant's "Herman Melville"; Wilson J. Moses's "Frederick Douglass"; Joan D. Hedrick's "Harriet Beecher Stowe"; Ed Folsom's "Walt Whitman"; David E. E. Sloane and Michael J. Kiskis's "Mark Twain"; Daniel Mark Fogel's "Henry James"; Linda Wagner-Martin's "Edith Wharton"; Susan J. Rosowski's "Willa Cather"; Sanford Schwartz's "T. S. Eliot"; Michael S. Reynolds's "Ernest Hemingway"; Michael Awkward and Michelle Johnson's "Zora Neale Hurston"; Thomas L. McHaney's "William Faulkner"; and Keneth Kinnamon's "Richard Wright."

Landow, George P. Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.

Landow's volume attempts to unite the world of literary theory with computer technology. Landow addresses the potentially exciting as well as dangerous possibilities of giving readers easy and nearly instant access to a virtual library of sources. Landow offers chapters on such subjects as "Intermedia," "Microcosm," "Storyspace," and the World Wide Web.

Lawlor, William. The Beat Generation. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1998.

Lawlor provides students and scholars alike with a thorough and expansive introduction to the Beat Generation. In addition to chapters that address various approaches to teaching the lives and literature of the Beat Generation, Lawlor offers a host of secondary sources of interest to students of the Beats. Lawlor also features biographical and critical entries on a range of Beat personalities, including William Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and Paul Bowles, among others.

Leff, Leonard J. Hemingway and His Conspirators: Hollywood, Scribners, and the Making of American Celebrity Culture. Oxford: Roman and Littlefield, 1997.

Left explores the intensely public life of Ernest Hemingway and his role in the emergence of the twentieth-century American literary marketplace. Left offers close analysis of the manner in which Hemingway's works were packaged, marketed, and sold during the early years of his career. In addition to discussing the important role of Max Perkins in Hemingway's success, Leff investigates the ways in which Hemingway's novels were carefully distributed so as to maximize his growing audience in the 1920s and the 1930s.

Levine, Robert S., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Levine's introduction; Samuel Otter's "'Race' in Typee and White-Jacket"; Sterling Stuckey's "The Tambourine in Glory: African Culture and Melville's Art"; John Bryant's "Moby-Dick as Revolution"; Wyn Kelley's "Pierre's Domestic Ambiguities"; Elizabeth Renker's "'A - !': Unreadability in The Confidence-Man"; Lawrence Buell's "Melville the Poet"; Jenny Franchot's "Melville's Traveling God"; Robert K. Martin's "Melville and Sexuality"; Cindy Weinstein's "Melville, Labor, and the Discourses of Reception"; Paul Giles's "'Bewildering Intertanglement': Melville's Engagement with British Culture"; Robert Milder's "Melville and the Avenging Dream"; and Andrew Delbanco's Afterword."

Machann, Clinton. Matthew Arnold: A Literary Life. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Machann explores the literary achievements of Matthew Arnold in this expansive new study of the writer's life and work. Machann affords particular attention to assessing Arnold's place in the canon of Victorian literature, as well as in the larger canon of literary history. Machann investigates Arnold's friendship with Arthur Hugh Clough, his relationship with the mysterious "Marguerite" of the "Switzerland" poems, and his inability to write more introspective poetry.

Miller, Edwin Haviland. Salem Is My Dwelling Place: A Life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1991,

Miller examines the life and work of Nathaniel Hawthorne in regard to the novelist's well-known disavowal of autobiography. Miller contextualizes Hawthorne's fictions in terms of his family and his New England upbringing. Drawing upon unpublished manuscripts, Miller offers new readings of Hawthorne's novels and stories.

Morley, Sheridan. Oscar Wilde. London: Pavilion, 1997.

Morley attempts to document Wilde's life as the greatest of his theatrical productions, contextualizing his achievements and his life within his era. Morley devotes particular attention to Wilde's experiences in the commercial theatre and publishing worlds of London during the 1880s. Morley argues that Wilde approached his life and work with a journalist's sense of occasion and contends that the writer was a shrewd self-publicist with an eye for headlines.

Murfin, Ross, and Supryia M. Ray. The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms. Boston: Bedford, 1997.

Murfin and Ray offer a comprehensive glossary of more than 700 traditional and avant-garde literary terms. Extensively cross referenced and alphabetically arranged, Murfin and Ray's glossary employs hundreds of examples in the illustration of their entries. Valuable for students and teachers alike, Murfin and Ray's text attempts to deal with a variety of recent shifts in literary study and critical theory.

Natarajan, Nalini, ed. Handbook of Twentieth-Century Literatures of India. Westport: Greenwood, 1996.

Selections include Natarajan's "Introduction: Regional Literatures of India - Paradigms and Contexts"; Mahasveta Barua's "Twentieth-Century Assamese Literature"; Sudipto Chatterjee and Hasan Ferdous's "Twentieth-Century Bengali Literature"; Alpana Sharma Knippling's "Twentieth-Century Indian Literature in English"; Sarala Jag Mohan's "Twentieth-Century Gujarati Literature"; Nandi Bhatia's "Twentieth-Century Hindi Literature"; Ramachandra Deva's "Twentieth-Century Kannada Literature"; Thomas Palakeel's "Twentieth-Century Malayalam Literature"; Shripad D. Deo's "Twentieth-Century Marathi Literature"; Atamjit Singh's "Twentieth-Century Panjabi Literature"; P. S. Sri's "Twentieth-Century Tamil Literature"; G. K. Subbarayudu and C. Vijayasree's "Twentieth-Century Telugu Literature"; Omar Qureshi's "Twentieth-Century Urdu Literature"; Veena Deo's "Dalit Literature in Marathi"; C. Vijayasree's "Parsi Literature in English"; Arasu Balan's "Sanskrit Poetics"; and Mitali Pati and Suranjan Ganguly's "Perspectives on Bengali Film and Literature."

Nelson, Robin. TV Drama in Transition: Forms, Values and Cultural Change. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Nelson investigates television drama within the context of cultural and critical change. In addition to challenging a number of media orthodoxies, Nelson discusses contemporary television in terms of such issues as postmodern and critical realism. Nelson offers close readings of a variety of productions, including NYPD Blue, The X-Files, and recent television adaptations of such works as George Eliot's Middlemarch.

Neville-Sington, Pamela. Fanny Trollope: The Life and Adventures of a Clever Woman. New York: Viking, 1998. Neville-Sington offers an expansive new biography of the life, work, and adventures of Fanny Trollope. In addition to providing close readings of the writer's novels and travelogues, Neville-Sington assesses Trollope's career within the context of the early nineteenth century. Neville-Sington also examines Trollope's relationship with her famous literary son, Anthony Trollope.

Ous, Ian. The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993.

Published with a foreword by Doris Lessing, Ous's volume offers a variety of detailed biographies of figures ranging from Saul Bellow and R. K. Narayan to J. M. Coetzee and Dr. Seuss. Ous also assembles entries that examine a wide range of critical schools, genres, poetic forms, rhetorical terms and literary concepts. Ous provides sections on such popular genres as science fiction, detective novels, and children's literature, among others.

Parker, Michael, and Roger Starkey, eds. Postcolonial Literatures: Achebe, Ngugi, Desai, Walcott. London: Macmillan, 1995.

Selections include Parker and Starkey's introduction; Neil Ten Kortenaar's "How the Centre Is Made to Hold in Things Fall Apart"; Philip Rogers's "No Longer at Ease: Chinua Achebe's 'Heart of Whiteness'"; Robin Ikegami's "Knowledge and Power, the Story of the Storyteller: Achebe's Anthills of the Savannah"; Chidi Okonkwo's "Chinua Achebe: The Wrestler and the Challenge of Chaos"; Stewart Crehan's "The Politics of the Signifier: Ngugi wa Thing'o's Petals of Blood"; F. Odun Balogun's "Ngugi's Devil on the Cross: The Novel as Hagiography of a Marxist"; Elleke Boehmer's "The Master's Dance to the Master's Voice: Revolutionary Nationalism and the Representation of Women in the Writing of Ngugi wa Thiong'o"; Harveen Sachdeeva Mann's "'Going in the Opposite Direction': Feminine Recusancy in Anita Desai's Voices in the City"; Bettina L. Knapp's "Fire in the Mountain: A Rite of Exit"; Judie Newman's "History and Letters: Anita Desai's Baumgartner's Bombay"; Clement H. Wyke's "'Divided to the Vein': Patterns of Tormented Ambivalence in Walcott's The Fortunate Traveller"; Daizal R. Samad's "Cultural Imperatives in Derek Walcott's Dream on the Monkey Mountain"; Elaine Savory's "Value Judgements on Art and the Question of Macho Attitudes: The Case of Derek Walcott"; and Sidney Burris's "An Empire of Poetry."

Peach, Linden. Angela Carter. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Peach addresses the life and work of Angela Carter. In addition to providing close readings of Carter's novels, Peach argues that the writer often begins her fictions with "conclusions" about popular preconceptions and conventions. Peach also investigates Carter's indebtedness to Euro-American Gothic, as well as her concern with the carnivalesque and theatre as sites of illegitimate power.

Pool, Daniel. Dickens' Fur Coat and Charlotte's Unanswered Letters: The Rows and Romances of England's Great Victorian Novelists. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.

The author of the entertaining What Jane Austen Ate and What Charles Dickens Knew, Pool examines the private side of many of Victorian England's greatest writers. Pool discusses a variety of figures, including Dickens, George Eliot, and William Makepeace Thackeray. In addition to contextualizing their works in terms of the Victorian landscape in which they lived, Pool examines the lives and narratives of the writers in his study in regard to the nineteenth-century literary marketplace.

Read, Mike. Forever England: The Life of Rupert Brooke. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 1997.

Read traces the life and work of Rupert Brooke, from his early days at Rug and his time at King's College, Cambridge, through his experiences in the First World War and the composition of his verse. An inspiration for such figures as Walter de la Mare, D. H. Lawrence, John Masefield, and Siegfried Sassoon, Brooke became a focal point for England's lost youth in the Great War. Read assesses Brooke's posthumous reputation, while also revealing such previously unknown details as Brooke's South Seas love affair that produced an unrecorded daughter.

Reynolds, Michael. Hemingway: The 1930s. New York: Norton, 1997.

Reynolds explores the crucial years in Hemingway's life between the publication of A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls. In addition to examining Hemingway's maturation as a writer, Reynolds discusses the writer's experimental forays into fiction and nonfiction. Additionally, Reynolds addresses Hemingway's experiences in Key West, various Cuban revolutions, and the Spanish Civil War.

Robertson-Lorant, Laurie. Melville: A Biography. New York: Clarkson Potter, 1996.

Robertson-Lorant examines Melville's place in the canon of nineteenth-century American literature in this expansive new biography. Robertson-Lorant traces Melville's life and work from his earliest years and his three-year experience on a Pacific whaling voyage to his marriage to Elizabeth Shaw and the composition of such novels as Moby-Dick and Omoo, among others. Robertson-Lorant devotes particular attention to Melville's anxiety over his inability to capture a popular American audience during his lifetime.

Rooks, Rikky. A. C. Swinburne: A Poet's Life. Hampshire: Scolar, 1997.

Rooks discusses Swinburne's role as one of the literary sensations of the Victorian era. Rooks investigates Swinburne's relationship with members of the Pre-Raphaelite circle of writers and artists, including D. G. Rossetti, Elizabeth Siddal, and Simeon Solomon, among others. Rooks argues that Swinburne's poetry finds its origins in the writer's early pessimism and later, recovered joy.

Roulston, Robert, and Helen H. Roulston. The Winding Road to West Egg: The Artistic Development of F. Scott Fitzgerald. London: Bucknell UP, 1995.

The Roulstons reassess the life and career of F. Scott Fitzgerald through close readings of his five novels and numerous short stories. The Roulstons argue that Fitzgerald's earliest stories reveal both a growing mastery of his craft and an evolution of the themes and techniques that mark his later works. The Roulstons demonstrate the influences of such figures as Joseph Conrad, Willa Cather, Oswald Spengler, and T. S. Eliot upon such Fitzgerald works as The Great Gatsby and Tender Is the Night.

Salomone, Robert E., and James E. Davis, eds. Teaching Shakespeare Into The Twenty-First Century. Athens: Ohio UP, 1997.

Selections include J. L. Styan's "The Writing Assignment: The Basic Question"; William T. Liston's "Paraphrasing Shakespeare"; Mary T. Christel and Christine Heckel-Oliver's "Role-Playing: Julius Caesar"; James R. Andreas's "Writing Down, Speaking Up, Acting Out, and Clowning Around in the Shakespeare Classroom"; Mary Z. Maher's "Shakespeare in Production"; Robert B. Pierce's "Teaching the Sonnets with Performance Techniques"; Frances L. Helphinestine's "Using Playgrounding to Teach Hamlet"; Michael Flachmann's "Professional Theater People and English Teachers: Working Together to Teach Shakespeare"; Margo A. Figgins's "Mirrors, Sculptures, Machines, and Masks: Theater Improvisation Games"; Paul Skrebels's "Transhistoricizing Much Ado About Nothing: Finding a Place for Shakespeare's Work in the Postmodern World"; Charles H. Frey's "Making Sense of Shakespeare: A Reader-based Response"; C. W. Griffin's "Textual Studies and Teaching Shakespeare"; Kathy M. Howlett's "Team-Teaching Shakespeare in an Interdisciplinary Context"; Marie A. Plasse's "An Inquiry-based Approach"; John Wilson Swope's "A Whole-Language Approach to A Midsummer Night's Dream"; Michael W. Shurgot's "'So Quick Bright Things Come to Confusion': Shakespeare in the Heterogeneous Classroom"; Christine D. Warner's "Building Shakespearean Worlds in the Everyday Classroom"; Larry R. Johannessen's "Enhancing Response to Romeo and Juliet"; Michael J. Collins's "Teaching King Lear"; Loreen L. Giese's "Images of Hamlet in the Undergraduate Classroom"; Robert Carl Johnson's "What Happens in the Mousetrap: Versions of Hamlet"; Leila Christenbury's "Problems with Othello in the High School Classroom"; H. R. Coursen's "Uses of Media in Teaching Shakespeare"; Linda Kissler's "Teaching Shakespeare Through Film"; Martha Tuck Rozett's "When Images Replace Words: Shakespeare, Russian Animation, and the Culture of Television"; Harry Brent's "Different Daggers: Versions of Macbeth"; Samuel Crowl's "'Our Lofty Scene': Teaching Modern Film Versions of Julius Caesar"; Eva B. McManus' "Shakespeare Festivals: Materials for the Classroom"; Sharon A. Beehler's "Making Media Matter in the Shakespeare Classroom"; William J. Gathergood's "Computers in the Secondary Classroom"; Roy Flannagan's "Beyond the Gee Whiz Stage: Computer Technology, the World Wide Web, and Shakespeare"; and James P. Saeger's "The High-Tech Classroom: Shakespeare in the Age of Multimedia, Computer Networks, and Virtual Space."

Scholes, Robert. The Rise and Fall of English: Reconstructing English as a Discipline. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.

In addition to criticizing the manner in which literary theory occupies center stage in the teaching of university English, Scholes adopts what he describes as "a militant middle position on many of the questions that currently vex English studies." In addition to arguing that contemporary English professors refuse to teach the "truth," Scholes offers an historical overview of English studies as a discipline. Several chapters explore the evolution of English as a discipline and challenge the validity of the theoretical project's contemporary hegemony.

Sinaiko, Herman L. Reclaiming the Canon: Essays on Philosophy, Poetry, and History. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.

Selections include "Socrates and Freud: Talk and Truth"; "Plato's Latches: Psychotherapy and the Search for Wisdom"; "Reading Homer's Iliad"; Homer's Odyssey: The Adolescence of Telemachus"; "History, Poetry, and Philosophy in Tolstoy's War and Peace"; Tolstoy's Anna Karenina"; "Them, Structure, and Meaning in Herodotus' History"; "Yeats's 'Among School Children': Analyzing a Lyric Poem"; "Conrad's Heart of Darkness: Art and the Artist"; "Shelley's Frankenstein: Reflections on the Monster"; "The Analects: Confucius' Claim to Philosophical Greatness"; "Chinese and English Lyric Poetry: Art and the Comparison of Cultures"; "Tragedy and Psychoanalysis: Tragedy in Poetry and in Life"; "Hume's 'Of the Standard of Taste': How Is the Canon Determined?"; "Plato's Protagoras: Who Will Teach the Teachers?"; "Energizing the Classroom: The Structure of Teaching"; "The Value of Failure: Structure and Argument in Republic, Book I"; "Knowing, Being, and the Community: The Divided Line and the Cave in Republic, Books VI and VII"; "The Ancient Quarrel: Socrates' Critique of Poetry in Republic, Book X"; and "Dialogue and Dialectic: The Limitations on Human Wisdom."

Skinner, John. The Stepmother Tongue: An Introduction to New Anglophone Fiction. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Skinner explores the interconnections between readers and writers of the English language and their kinship with the "stepmother tongue." Skinner offers insight into the diversity and rewards of contemporary Anglophone fiction. In addition to providing close readings of more than 80 texts, Skinner provides a comprehensive introductory guide to Anglophone fiction as a literary and critical genre.

Sofield, David, and Herbert F. Tucker, eds. Under Criticism: Essays for William H. Pritchard. Athens: Ohio UP, 1998.

Selections include Tucker's "Introduction: Counter-Love, Original Response"; William J. Pritchard's "Hearing Voices"; Roger Sale's "On Not Teaching at Amherst College"; William Youngren's "Pritchard, English 1, and Me"; Fred Pfeil's "The Passing of the Ice Ball; or, Appreciating Bill"; Rand Richards Cooper's "Living in the Gap"; Helen Deutsch's "'Since Our Knowledge Is Historical': Homage to William H. Pritchard"; Howell Chickering's "Chaucer by Heart"; Joseph Epstein's "Is God Dead, Frosty? Reflections on Teaching"; Helen Vendler's "Harvard Graduate School, 1956-60"; Frank Lentricchia's "Last Will and Testament of an Ex-Literary Critic"; Alan Lelchuk's "The End of the Art of Reading? A Modest Polemic"; W. E. Kennick's "Who Needs Literary Theory?"; Patricia Meyer Spacks's "Reading Dr. Johnson: A Confession"; Paul Alpers's "Leavis Today"; David Ferry's "Notes on 'Translating' the Gilgamesh Epic"; Peter R. Pouncey's "Plutarch on the Sign of Socrates"; Neil Hertz's "Voices of Two or Three Different Natures"; Francis Murphy's "Poor Strether"; Anne Ferry's "Frost's 'Land of The Golden Treasury'"; Christopher Benfey's "'The Wife of Eli Whitney': Jarrell and Dickinson"; Christopher Ricks's "The Lesson"; and Sofield's "Richard Wilbur's 'Lying.'"

Soule, George. Four British Women Novelists: Anita Brookner, Margaret Drabble, Iris Murdoch, Barbara Pym: An Annotated and Critical Bibliography. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1998.

Soule's bibliography annotates writings by and about Anita Brookner, Margaret Drabble, Iris Murdoch, and Barbara Pym. Each entry in Soule's volume lists the books and articles that deal significantly with more than one novel by each author. Soule's entries summarize the author's general ideas and are followed by an annotated bibliographical summary.

Stringer, Jenny, ed. The Oxford Companion to Twentieth Century Literature in English. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

Published with an introduction by John Sutherland, Stringer's collection provides an introduction to the rich and diverse literature of the twentieth century. In addition to including entries on such figures as Edith Wharton, T. S. Eliot, Derek Walcott, Bob Dylan, Don DeLillo, and a range and variety of others, Stringer features commentary regarding more than 400 individual works and some 2,400 authors. Stringer also offers introductory essays to several schools of thought and literary movements, including modernism, postmodernism, realism, and postcolonialism, among others.

Tate, Mary Jo. F. Scott Fitzgerald A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Work. New York: Facts on File, 1998.

Tate's volume traces the life and work of Fitzgerald through a range of entries on such topics as the writer's novels, stories, plays, essays, book reviews, poems, correspondence, and movie projects. Tate provides entries on the fictional characters in Fitzgerald's narratives, as well as on the settings for his texts. Tate also addresses the people associated with Fitzgerald, including his relatives, friends, associates, writers, illustrators, and principal critics.

Thody, Philip. Twentieth-Century Literature: Critical Issues and Themes. London: Macmillan, 1996.

Thody studies the nature of disbelief, the treatment of childhood, and the presentation of moral and political problems in twentieth-century literature. Thody explores the modern taste for experimentation and the greater liberty available for the description of sexuality and sexual experiences. Thody's introductory study of twentieth-century literature also distinguishes the literature of the current century from that of the periods that preceded it.

Tolley, A. T. Larkin at Work: A Study of Larkin's Mode of Composition As Seen in His Workbooks. Hull: U of Hull P, 1997.

Tolley reproduces the workbooks in which Larkin composed his poetry. Now housed in the Larkin Archive at the University of Hull, these workbooks provide scholars with a record of Larkin's composition practices and the evolution of his poems. Drawing upon these records, Tolley analyzes various thematic aspects of Larkin's poetry and examines the manner in which he composed various drafts of his verse.

Travers, Martin. An Introduction to Modern European Literature: From Romanticism to Postmodernism. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Travers's volume provides an introductory reference guide to modern European literature. In addition to emphasizing the major figures and their principal texts, Travers assesses their relevance to their larger canon of world literature. Travers devotes special attention to the examination of the variety of literary movements that have marked modern European literature, including Romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism, and postmodernism.

Trela, D. J., and Rodger L. Tarr, eds. The Critical Response to Thomas Carlyle's Major Works. Westport: Greenwood, 1997. Trela and Tart assemble a variety of contemporary documents and reviews regarding the publication of the works of Thomas Carlyle. Trela and Tarr's volume summarizes the critical response to Carlyle's writings from their initial appearance to the present day. In addition to their inclusion of a useful introductory essay, Trela and Tarr conclude their volume with a bibliography of additional materials by and about Carlyle.

Turner, Paul. The Life of Thomas Hardy: A Critical Biography. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

Turner traces the life and work of Thomas Hardy from his early years as the son of a village stonemason and his education through his marital problems and the composition of his greatest novels. Turner addresses Hardy's classical background and its substantial background in his compositional practices. Additionally, Turner examines the influences of Shakespeare, Milton, and various Victorian poets upon Hardy's literary aesthetic.

Villanueva, Dario. Theories of Literary Realism. Trans. Mihai I. Spariosu and Santiago Garcia Castanon. New York: State U of New York P, 1997.

Villanueva discusses the ways in which realism has shaped significant schools and periods in literary history. In addition to exploring its influence upon contemporary literary theory, Villanueva argues that realism's aims must be to define its concepts clearly and neutralize any imprecision, polysemy, or ambiguity that might affect its effective application. Villanueva concentrates on literary study as a verbal construction and as a personal response to the poststructuralist crisis in literary theory.

Wallace, Jeff, Rod Jones, and Sophie Nield, eds. Raymond Williams Now: Knowledge, Limits and the Future. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Selections include Wallace, Jones, and Nield's "Introduction: 'Somebody is trying to think . . .'"; Christopher Norris's "Keywords, Ideology and Critical Theory"; Derek Robbins's "Ways of Knowing Cultures: Williams and Bourdieu"; Jim McGuigan's "'A Slow Reach Again for Control': Raymond Williams and the Vicissitudes of Cultural Policy"; Lizzie Eldridge's "Drama in a Dramaturgical Society"; Nick Stevenson's "Rethinking Human Nature and Human Needs: Raymond Williams and Mass Communications"; Stuart Allan's "Raymond Williams and the Culture of Televisual Flow"; Kevin Kavanagh's "Against the New Conformists: Williams, Jameson and the Challenge of Postmodernity"; and Steven Connor's "Raymond Williams's Time."

West III, James L. W. William Styron: A Life. New York: Random House, 1998.

West provides an expansive new biography of Styron, the author of such works as Set This House on Fire and Sophie's Choice, among others. West investigates Styron's intersections with such subjects as slavery, the Holocaust, and mental illness. Additionally, West analyzes Styron's political life, from his presence at the 1968 Democratic national convention to his enduring opposition to the death penalty.

West, W. J. The Quest for Graham Greene. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

West traces the life and work of Greene as prolific novelist, essayist, and playwright. West discusses Greene's interest in personal, religious, financial, and international affairs, and addresses their place in his fictions. Drawing upon a variety of unpublished source materials, West exposes new information about Greene's involvement in a tax fraud operation run by a British financier and the Hollywood Mafia.

Wiedemann, Barbara. Josephine Herbst's Short Fiction: A Window to Her Life and Times. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Wiedemann examines the life and work of American short-story writer Josephine Herbst. In addition to tracing the writer's early life in Iowa and her lengthy residency in Pennsylvania, Wiedemann offers close readings of such works by Herbst as Pity Is Not Enough and New Green World, among others. Wiedemann demonstrates the ways in which Herbst's fictions investigate the nature of women's oppression by the dominant world culture.

Wilson, John Howard. Evelyn Waugh: A Literary Biography, 1903-1924. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1996.

Wilson explores the life and work of Waugh, from his education during the early years of this century through the early 1920s. Wilson investigates a variety of instances during Waugh's formative years, including an early appendectomy, his reaction to the First World War, and his brief religious enthusiasm. Wilson discusses Waugh's first writing experiences in depth, particularly his series of diaries and an assortment of plays, poems, and stories.

Winterowd, W. Ross. The English Department: A Personal and Institutional History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1998.

Winterowd provides readers with an expansive study of English departments and the interconnections between literary studies, composition and rhetoric, and textbooks. Winterowd traces the ambiguous nature of English departments and "English" in general, while also exploring the role of textbooks in shaping English. Winterowd devotes particular attention to the important role of composition and rhetoric as the "economic superstructure" of most English departments.

Wu, Duncan. Six Contemporary Dramatists: Bennett, Potter, Gray, Brenton, Hare, Ayckbourn. New York: St. Martin's, 1995.

Wu examines the central concerns of six of the most important dramatists of contemporary theatre. Wu argues that the work of Alan Bennett, Dennis Potter, Simon Gray, Howard Brenton, David Hare, and Alan Ayckbourn is essentially moral in nature, relating to their interconnections to the Romantic tradition of the nineteenth century. Wu demonstrates how each writer has responded to the various changes in personal and public ethics that took place in the 1980s.

Yannella, Philip R. The Other Carl Sandburg: A Portrait of the Radical Sandburg Before His Glory Days in the Pantheon of Popular Writers. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1996.

Yannella offers a new reading of the life and work of Carl Sandburg, emphasizing in particular the writer's experiences with left-wing politics and Bolshevism. In addition to discussing the writer's scurrilous journalistic forays from 1915 to 1920, Yannella examines his devastating critique of American class differences during the early part of this century. Drawing upon unpublished manuscripts and government surveillance archives, Yannella revises our understanding of Sandburg from passionate poet to prescient political commentator.

(2) Semiotics, Narratology, Rhetoric, and Language Systems

Adorno, Theodor W. Critical Models: Interventions and Catchwords. Trans. Henry W. Pickford. New York: Columbia UP, 1998.

Selections include "Why Still Philosophy"; "Philosophy and Teachers"; "Note on Human Science and Culture"; "Those Twenties"; "Prologue to Television"; "Television as Ideology"; "Sexual Taboos and Law Today"; "The Meaning of Working Through the Past"; "Opinion Delusion Society"; "Notes on Philosophical Thinking"; "Reason and Revelation"; "Progress"; "Gloss on Personality"; "Free Time"; "Taboos on the Teaching Vocation"; "Education After Auschwitz"; "On the Question: 'What is German?'"; "Scientific Experiences of a European Scholar in America"; "Dialectical Epilegomena: On Subject and Object"; and "Dialectical Epilegomena: Marginalia to Theory and Praxis."

Balutansky, Kathleen, and Marie-Agnes Sourieau, eds. Caribbean Creolization: Reflections on the Cultural Dynamics of Language, Literature, and Identity. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1998.

Selections include Wilson Harris's "Creoleness: The Crossroads of a Civilization?"; Guillermo Wilson's "The Caribbean: Marvelous Cradle-Hammock and Painful Cornucopia"; Astrid H. Roemer's "Who's Afraid of the Winti Spirit!?"; Antonio Benitez-Rojo's "Three Words toward Creolization"; Sherezada (Chiqui) Vicioso's "Dominicanyorkness: A Metropolitan Discovery of the Triangle"; Erna Brodber's "Where Are All the Others?"; Lourdes Vazquez's "A Brief History of My Country"; Merle Collins's "Writing and Creole Language Politics: Voice and Story"; Ernest Pepin and Raphael Confiant's "The Stakes of Creolite"; Maryse Conde's "Creolite without Creole Language?"; Frank Martinus Arion's "The Victory of the Concubines and the Nannies"; Jean Metellus's "The Process of Creolization in Haiti and the Pitfalls of the Graphic Form"; M. Nourbese Philip's "Race, Space, and the Poetics of Moving"; and Yanick Lahens's Afterword.

Bhattacharya, Nandini. Reading the Splendid Body: Gender and Consumerism in Eighteenth-Century British Writing on India. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Bhattacharya surveys the underlying discourse on female and oriental consumerism during nearly four centuries of British colonialist narratives on India. In addition to exploring many of the ethnographic constructions of the subaltern and female body, Bhattacharya examines British masculinist discourses in the seventeenth century. Bhattacharya provides readers with a useful genealogy of colonialist spectatorship, with particular attention to the nature of its discourse within both public and private colonial spheres.

Bialostosky, Don H., and Lawrence D. Needham, eds. Rhetorical Traditions and British Romantic Literature. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1995.

Selections include Jerome Christensen's "The Method of The Friend"; Susan J. Wolfson's "'Comparing Power': Coleridge and Simile"; Needham's "De Quincey's Rhetoric of Display and Confessions of an English Opium-Eater"; John R. Nabholtz's "Romantic Prose and Classical Rhetoric"; Richard W. Clancey's "Wordsworth's Cintra Tract: Politics, the Classics, and the Duty of the Poet"; Bruce E. Graver's "The Oratorical Pedlar"; David Ginsberg's "Wordsworth's Poems, in Two Volumes (1807) and the Epideictic Tradition"; Theresa M. Kelley's "The Case for William Wordsworth: Romantic Invention versus Romantic Genius"; Bialostosky's "The Invention/Disposition of The Prelude, Book I"; J. Douglas Kneale's "Romantic Aversions: Apostrophe Reconsidered"; Stephen C. Behrendt's "Shelley and the Ciceronian Orator"; Leslie Tannenbaum's "Prophetic Form: The 'Still Better Order' of Blake's Rhetoric"; Scott Harshbarger's "Robert Lowth's Sacred Hebrew Poetry and the Oral Dimension of Romantic Rhetoric"; James Engell's "The New Rhetoric and Romantic Poetics"; Nancy S. Struever's "The Conversable World: Eighteenth-Century Transformations of the Relation of Rhetoric and Truth"; Marie Secor's "Jeanie Deans and the Nature of True Eloquence"; and Klaus Dockhorn's "Wordsworth and the Rhetorical Tradition in England (1944)."

Biester, James. Lyric Wonder: Rhetoric and Wit in Renaissance English Poetry. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1997.

Biester investigates the shift during the Renaissance in England toward a witty, rough, and obscure lyric style, arguing that this change came in response to an era of heightened cultural prestige and wonder. Biester contends that poets of the Elizabethan court, embracing the genres of satire and epigram, their opportunities for political advancement by functioning as mere malcontents or jesters. Drawing upon a close reading of the poetry of John Donne, Biester demonstrates the ways in which the poet adopted a more "admirable" style in his work, particularly in the First and Fourth Satyres.

Blaeser, Kimberly M. Gerald Vizenor: Writing in the Oral Tradition. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1996.

Blaeser examines Native American author Gerald Vizenor's concept of Native American oral culture and his incorporation of oral tradition in the written word. Blaeser devotes particular attention to explicating Vizenor's method of linking the traditional oral aesthetic with a form of static reading. Blaeser features individual chapters that analyze the place of Vizenor's work within the larger context of contemporary tribal literature, Native American scholarship, and critical theory.

Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate. Reading Myth: Classical Mythology and Its Interpretations in Medieval French Literature. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Blumenfeld-Kosinski discusses the appropriation and transformation of classical mythology by French culture from the mid-twelfth century to the 1430s. In addition to examining the purposes of transforming classical myth, Blumenfeld-Kosinski explores the techniques used by medieval French poets to integrate classical subjects into their verse. Blumenfeld-Kosinski reveals the ways in which Latin epic texts were reoriented for political purposes in the twelfth-century Norman world, arguing that the addition of Ovidian elements provided the poets of this era with a greater sense of depth.

Brothers, Thomas. Chromatic Beauty in the Late Medieval Chanson: An Interpretation of Manuscript Accidentals. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. Brothers investigates the manner in which late medieval chansons employed chromaticism in original and intriguing ways. In addition to discussing the ways in which accidentals function as expressive tools, Brothers offers an expansive survey of accidentals from the era of the trouveres through the fifteenth century. Brothers applies recent advances in the analysis of late medieval music to the textual problems inherent in the musica ficta.

Brown, Michelle P. The British Library Guide to Writing and Scripts: History and Techniques. London: The British Library, 1998.

Brown provides readers with a useful introduction to the history of writing and scripts. Brown surveys the many forms in which writing has evolved in the East and West, the tools and materials used, and the ways in which they have influenced the development of scripts and writing technology. Additionally, Brown discusses the processes involved in the production of the medieval book in the West and assesses its impact upon the future of communication.

Carter, Ronald, and John McRae. The Routledge History of Literature in English: Britain and Ireland. London: Routledge, 1997.

Carter and McRae offer a valuable new reference guide to the literary and linguistic history of English in Britain and Ireland. Ranging from 600 AD to the present, Carter and McRae's volume surveys the growth of literary writing, changing characteristics and conventions in the English language, and geographical and cultural shifts in English through the centuries. Carter and McRae feature extensive quotations from poetry, prose, and drama, as well as a timeline of important historical, political, and cultural events.

Crockett, Bryan. The Play of Paradox: Stage and Sermon in Renaissance England. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1995.

Crockett investigates the role of paradox as a linguistic turn in the sermons and stages of Renaissance England. Crockett devotes particular attention to the violent denunciations in Elizabethan preachers' attacks on theatre, while also discussing the often highly "theatrical" sermons employed by these same clergymen. In addition to examining the contradictions inherent in these two kinds of performance, Crockett offers a survey of Tudor/Stuart drama, Reformation sermons, and the interconnections between these two spheres of public discourse.

Davis, Philip, ed. Real Voices: On Reading. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Selections include Davis's "Introduction: Not on the Run"; George Steiner's "'Critic'/'Reader'"; George Craig's "So Little Do We Know of What Goes On When We Read"; Joseph Brodsky's "Two Essays at Human Assemblies"; Les Murray's "Trances"; Douglas Oliver's "Poetry's Subject"; Hester Jones's "Triumphant Obstination: Reading Adrienne Rich and Elizabeth Bowen"; John Bayley's "Reading about Things: or Hannibal Goes for the Mail"; Davis's "Micro and Macro"; Gabriel Josipovici's "Thirty-three Variations on a Theme of Graham Greene"; Raymond Tallis's "Theorrhoea Contra Realism"; Michael Irwin's "Readings of Realism"; Josie Billington's "Watching a Writer Write: Manuscript Revisions in Mrs. Gaskell's Wives and Daughters and Why They Matter"; and Doris Lessing's "'Green Glass Beads.'"

Dent, R. W. Colloquial Language in Ulysses: A Reference Tool. London: U of Delaware P, 1994.

Dent explores the wide range of vocabularies and styles in Joyce's Ulysses, particularly in terms of the writer's use of colloquial language. In addition to offering a valuable supplement to Don Gifford's popular Ulysses Annotated, Dent provides a selection of useful data of interest to Joycean critics and students alike. Dent features a number of corrections to Gifford's occasionally inadequate or questionable rendering of Joyce's use of colloquial language.

Dyer, Gary. British Satire and the Politics of Style, 1789-1832. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Dyer investigates hundreds of satirical poems published in Britain during the Romantic era. Dyer argues that - despite satire's existence as a significant genre with a substantial readership - scholars often refuse to explore its import because of their satisfaction that it disappeared during the late eighteenth century. Dyer offers close readings of works by Byron, John Wolcott, and Jane Taylor, among others, arguing that contemporary political and social conflicts gave new meaning to conventions of satire inherited from classical Rome and eighteenth-century England.

Elmer, Jonathan. Reading at the Social Limit: Affect, Mass Culture, and Edgar Allan Poe. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1995.

Elmer explores Edgar Allan Poe's writing in relation to the formation of modern mass subjectivity during his era and beyond. In addition to discussing Poe's mobility with respect to an apparently exclusive set of mass cultural values, Elmer investigates Poe's position, in many critics' eyes, as the pioneer of several durable cultural genres, including detective fiction, science fiction, and Gothic horror fiction. Elmer argues that Poe's literary practice demonstrates the substantial power of ideology in a democratic society.

Farr, Carol. The Book of Kells: Its Function and Audience. London: The British Library, 1997.

Farr examines The Book of Kells as a liturgical document. In addition to focusing on the "Temptation" and the "Arrest," Farr investigates the legacy of Biblical and early Christian literature available during the era of the book's initial appearance. Farr argues that the complex web of allusion inherent in the manuscript served as a means for integrating the book's contemporary audience into the historical and supernatural continuum of the church.

French, Patrick, and Roland-Francois Lack, eds. The Tel Quel Reader. London: Routledge, 1998.

Selections include ffrench and Lack's introduction; Tel Quel's "Division of the Assembly"; Julia Kristeva's 'Towards a Semiology of Paragrams"; Jean-Joseph Goux's "Marx and the Inscription of Labour"; Jean-Louis Baudry's "Freud and 'Literary Creation'"; Michel Foucault's "Distance, Aspect, Origin"; Marcelin Pleynet's "The Readability of Sade"; Philippe Sollers's "The Bataille Act"; Kristeva's "The Subject in Process"; Marc Devade's "Chromatic Painting: Theorem Written Through Painting"; Pleynet's "Heavenly Glory"; Guy Scarpetta's "The American Body: Notes on the New Experimental Theatre"; Sollers's "Paradis"; French and Lack's "Dissemination"; and Roland Barthes's "Responses: Interview with Tel Quel."

Foucault, Michel. Michel Foucault: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology. Vol. 2. Ed. James D. Faubion. Trans. Robert Hurley, et al. New York: New, 1998.

Selections include Faubion's introduction; "The Father's 'No'"; "Speaking and Seeing in Raymond Roussel"; "Introduction to Rousseau's Dialogues"; "So Cruel a Knowledge"; "A Preface to Transgression"; "Language to Infinity"; "Afterword to The Temptation of Saint Anthony"; "The Prose of Actaeon"; "Behind the Fable"; "The Thought of the Outside"; "A Swimmer Between Two Words"; "Different Spaces"; "This Is Not a Pipe"; "What Is an Author?"; "Sade, Sergeant of Sex"; "The Gray Mornings of Tolerance"; "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and the Everyday Worms"; "The Imagination of the Nineteenth Century"; "Pierre Boulez, Passing Through the Screen"; "Philosophy and Psychology"; "The Order of Things"; "Nietzsche, Freud, Marx"; "On the Ways of Writing History"; "On the Archaeology of the Sciences: Response to the Epistemology Circle"; "Madness and Society"; "Theatrum Philosophicum"; "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History"; "My Body, This Paper, This Fire"; "Return to History"; "Structuralism and Poststructuralism"; "Foucault"; and "Life: Experience and Science."

Hale, John K. Milton's Languages: The Impact of Multilingualism on Style. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Hale examines the role of Milton's multilingualism in the construction of his poetry. In addition to analyzing the poet's knowledge of ten languages, Hale explores Milton's language-related arts in verse-composition, translations, annotations of Greek poets, and Latin prose and polemical writing. Hale contends that an understanding of Milton's language choices assists us in our comprehension of his poetic corpus.

Hardison, O. B., Jr. Poetics and Praxis, Understanding and Imagination: The Collected Essays of O. B. Hardison Jr. Ed. Arthur F. Kinney. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1997.

Selections include "In Praise of the Essay"; "Aristotle and Averroes"; "The Orator and the Poet: The Dilemma of Humanist Literature"; "Blank Verse before Milton"; "The Two Voices of Sidney's Apology for Poetry"; "Three Types of Renaissance Catharsis"; "Tudor Humanism and Surrey's Translation of the Aeneid"; "Perspective and Form in Petrarch"; "Amoretti and the Dolce Stil Novo"; "Logic Versus the Slovenly World in Shakespearean Comedy"; "The Dramatic Triad in Hamlet"; "Myth and History in King Lear"; "Speaking the Speech: Shakespearean Dialogue"; "Shakespeare on Film: The Developing Canon"; "Milton's 'On Time' and Its Scholastic Background"; "In Medias Res in Paradise Lost"; "'Hee for God Only, Shee for God in Him': Gender in Paradise Lost"; "Politics and Beauty"; "Dada, the Poetry of Nothing, and the Modern World"; "Great Walls and Running Fences"; "At the Top of the Masthead"; "Taking Off'; "A Tree, a Streamlined Fish, and a Self-squared Dragon: Science as a Form of Culture"; and "The Disappearance of Man."

Herrick, James A. The Radical Rhetoric of the English Deists: The Discourse of Skepticism, 1680-1750. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1997.

Herrick discusses the major battlefields of a rhetorical war waged for the religious mind of Britain and eventually of Europe and the colonies. In addition to focusing on the works of such highly influential Deists as Charles Blount, John Toland, Thomas Chubb, Thomas Woolston, Jacob Ilive, and Peter Annet, Herrick investigates the long polemic between the English Deists and the Church of England that marked the years between 1680 and 1750. Herrick argues that this sweeping critique of traditional Christian thought owes its lasting impact to the rhetorical skill, textual resources, and iconoclastic motivation of skilled controversialists who sought the destruction of Christianity.

Hillman, Richard. Self. Speaking in Medieval and Early Modern English Drama: Subjectivity, Discourse and the Stage. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Hillman examines the shifting representation of subjectivity in medieval and early modern English drama. Hillman affords specific attention to intertextuality and discourses of "self-speaking," including the nature of the soliloquy. Using texts by such figures as Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Marie de Gournay, Hillman investigates pre-modern and poststructuralist models of language and subject formation in medieval and early English drama.

Hollingworth, Brian. Maria Edgeworth's Irish Writing: Language, History, Politics. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Hollingworth explores Maria Edgeworth's attitudes toward language and regionalism in the context of her writings about Ireland. In addition to discussing Edgeworth's role as a pioneer in the development of the regional novel as a literary genre, Hollingworth examines the writer's usage of vernacular language in her correspondence and various works of nonfiction. Hollingworth also provides commentary on Edgeworth's intellectual "lunar" background and her various uses of form and language in her writing.

Huhn, Tom, and Lambert Zuidervaart, eds. The Semblance of Subjectivity: Essays in Adorno's Aesthetic Theory. Cambridge: MIT P, 1997.

Selections include Zuidervaart's introduction; Martin Jay's "Mimesis and Mimetology: Adorno and Lacoue-Labarthe"; Sherry Weber Nicholsen's "Aesthetic Theory's Mimesis of Walter Benjamin"; Richard Wolin's "Benjamin, Adorno, Surrealism"; Rolf Tiedemann's "Concept, Image, Name: On Adorno's Utopia of Knowledge"; Rudiger Bubner's "Concerning the Central Idea of Adorno's Philosophy"; J. M. Bernstein's "Why Rescue Semblance?: Metaphysical Experience and the Possibility of Ethics"; Heinz Paetzold's "Adorno's Notion of Natural Beauty: A Reconsideration"; Huhn's "Kant, Adorno, and the Social Opacity of the Aesthetic"; Gregg M. Horowitz's "Art History and Autonomy"; Sabine Wilke and Heidi Schlipphacke's "Construction of a Gendered Subject: A Feminist Reading of Adorno's Aesthetic Theory"; and Robert Hullot-Kentor's "The Philosophy of Dissonance: Adorno and Schoenberg."

Jacobus, Lee A. Substance, Style, and Strategy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Jacobus provides students and advanced readers alike with a comprehensive guide to developing effective writing skills. Jacobus affords attention to such basic skills as issues of subject, audience, style, and the writing process. Jacobus also offers chapters on strategies for writing effective personal, biographical, argumentative, familiar, and critical essays.

Kamensky, Jane. Governing the Tongue: The Politics of Speech in Early New England. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Kamensky examines the role of the spoken word in colonial New England. In addition to discussing such famous historical moments as the Salem witch trials and the banishment of Anne Hutchinson, Kamensky explores the manner in which early New Englanders despised some forms of speech while cherishing others. Kamensky develops intriguing new ideas about the relationship between language and power, as well as between time and place.

Katz, Steven B. The Epistemic Music of Rhetoric: Toward the Temporal Dimension of Affect in Reader Response and Writing. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1996.

Katz discusses the correlation between Reader Response Criticism and the philosophy of science engendered the Copenhagen School of New Physics. Additionally, Katz assesses the scientific empiricism that controls the parameters of reading and writing theory in an effort to address the possibility of teaching reading and writing as "rhetorical music." Katz also provides a new interpretation of Cicero's rhetorical theory within the context of recent revisionist scholarship.

Keen, Suzanne. Victorian Renovations of the Novel: Narrative Annexes and the Boundaries of Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Keen discusses the role of narrative technique in a selection of Victorian novels by such writers as Dickens, Disraeli, Hardy, and Trollope, among others. Keen argues that such works are marked by "narrative annexes" in which unexpected characters, impermissible subjects, and plot-changing events are introduced within fictional worlds that otherwise exclude them. Keen contends that these works also explore fears of disease, working men, and Popery in their analyses of the boundaries of representation.

Kelley, Donald R., and David Harris Sacks, eds. The Historical Imagination in Early Modern Britain: History, Rhetoric, and Fiction, 1500-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include Kelley and Sacks's introduction; J. H. M. Salmon's "Precept, Example, and Truth: Degory Wheare and the Ars Historica"; Patrick Collinson's "Truth, Lies, and Fiction in the Sixteenth-Century Protestant Historiography"; Joseph M. Levine's "Thomas More and the English Renaissance: History and Fiction in Utopia"; D. R. Woolf's "Little Cros and the Horizons of Early Modern Historical Culture"; Richard Helgerson's "Murder in Faversham: Holinshed's Impertinent History"; Annabel Patterson's "Foul, His Wife, the Mayor, and Foul's Mare: The Power of Anecdote in Tudor Historiography"; Rebecca Bushnell's "Experience, Truth, and Natural History in Early English Gardening Books"; David Wootton's "Thomas Hobbes's Machiavellian Moments"; Fritz Levy's "The Background of Hobbes's Behemoth"; Patricia Springborg's "Leviathan, Mythic History, and National Historiography"; J. Paul Hunter's "Protesting Fiction, Constructing History"; Mark Salber Phillips's "Adam Smith and the History of Private Life: Social and Sentimental Narratives in Eighteenth-Century Historiography"; and Patricia Craddock's "Contemplative Heroes and Gibbon's Historical Imagination."

Kelley, Theresa M. Reinventing Allegory. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. Kelley examines the reasons why allegory has survived as a literary mode from the late Renaissance through the postmodern era and the present. Kelley provides a range of chapters on a diversity of figures, including J. M. W. Turner, Spenser, and Milton, among others. Drawing upon a series of significant historical moments that define the nature of modern allegory, Kelley proffers a new framework for addressing allegory's role in contemporary literary culture.

Kennedy, George A. Comparative Rhetoric: An Historical and Cross-Cultural Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Kennedy's volume offers a useful introduction to comparative rhetoric and features sections on "Rhetoric in Societies without Writing" and "Rhetoric in Ancient Literate Societies." Kennedy provides discussion of such subjects as North American Indian rhetoric, rhetoric in Aboriginal Australian culture, formal speech in nonliterate cultures, and rhetoric among social animals. Additionally, Kennedy includes analyses of rhetoric in such locales as ancient China, ancient India, and Greece and Rome.

Kiefer, Frederick. Writing on the Renaissance Stage: Written Words, Printed Pages, Metaphoric Books. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1996.

Kiefer examines the role of the written and printed word during the Renaissance. In addition to contextualizing writing and printing in Elizabethan culture, Kiefer focuses on the work of Erasmus and Luther. Kiefer argues that the works of the latter two writers encouraged the growth of literacy, functioned as a catalyst for the founding of schools, and altered the status of the written and printed word forever.

Knight, Christopher J. The Patient Particulars: American Modernism and the Technique of Originality. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1995.

Knight argues that modernist writers ambitiously attempt to create works of vast discovery and to collapse representation into presentation, perhaps even revelation. Knight offers close readings of Gertrude Stein's Tender Time, William Carlos Williams's Spring and All, Ernest Hemingway's In Our Time, and Marianne Moore's Observations. Knight contends that these writers pursued their experimental, modernist works with a self-conscious consideration of the formal and political consequences of their literary aspirations.

Knowles, Ronald. Gulliver's Travels: The Politics of Satire. New York: Twayne, 1996.

Knowles discusses the politics of satire in Swift's Gulliver's Travels. In addition to affording special attention to the literary and historical context in which the ironic travelogue was written, Knowles examines the contemporary significance and critical reception of Gulliver's Travels. Knowles features a close reading of Swift's satirical frame for Gulliver's Travels, as well as his establishment of a cultural and historical dialectic in his narrative.

Lee, Benjamin. Talking Heads: Language, Metalanguage, and the Semiotics of Subjectivity. Durham: Duke UP, 1997.

Lee discusses the views of a range of influential modern theorists, including Austin, Searle, Derrida, Jakobson, Bakhtin, Wittgenstein, Peirce, Frege, Kripke, Donnellan, Putnam, Saussure, and Whorf, among others. Lee explores the questions about subjectivity and language raised by these theorists, arguing that subjectivity relates not just to grammatical patterns but also to the specific social institutions within which these patterns develop and are sustained. Additionally, Lee addresses such issues as the concept of public opinion and the emergence of Western nation-states.

McCarren, Vincent, and Douglas Moffat, eds. A Guide to Editing Middle English. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.

Selections include Nicolas Jacobs's "Kindly Light or Foxfire? The Authorial Text Reconsidered"; Jennifer Fellows's "Author, Author, Author . . .: An Apology for Parallel Texts"; Moffat and McCarren's "A Bibliographical Essay on Editing Methods and Authorial and Scribal Intention"; N. F. Blake's "Reflections on the Editing of Middle English Texts"; Helen Cooper's "Averting Chaucer's Prophecies: Miswriting, Mismetering, and Misunderstanding"; A. S. G. Edwards's "Editing and the Teaching of Alliterative Verse"; George R. Keiser's "Editing Scientific and Practical Writings"; Linne Mooney's "Editing Astrological and Prognostic Texts"; Constance B. Hieatt's "Editing Middle English Culinary Manuscripts"; McCarren's Editing Glossographical Texts: To Marrow and to Marrow and to Marrow"; Edwards's "Manuscript and Text"; Peter J. Lucas's "The Treatment of Language"; Maldwyn Mills's "Using the Linguistics Atlas of Late Mediaeval English"; Mary Hamel's "The Use of Sources in Editing Middle English Texts"; Edwards and Moffat's "Annotation"; Moffat's "Making a Glossary"; Peter M. W. Robinson's "The Computer and the Making of Editions"; Peter S. Baker's "The Reader, the Editor, and the Electronic Critical Edition"; and David Greetham's "'Glosynge Is a Glorious Thyng, Certayn.'"

Miller, Susan. Assuming the Positions: Cultural Pedagogy and the Politics of Commonplace Writing. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 1997.

Drawing upon more than 300 eighteenth- and nineteenth-century commonplace books in the Virginia Historical Society, Miller discusses the cultural productivity of ordinary writing. In addition to challenging basic premises about culture and its production through various writing practices, Miller examines the assumption that divides high and low texts, as well as their notions of authorship. Miller argues that most writing acts necessarily stabilize cultural signature and ally the nature of textuality with immediate experience.

Mills, Sara. Discourse. London: Routledge, 1997.

Mills explores the meaning of discourse and its import beyond the worlds of literary and cultural theory. Using a variety of literary and nonliterary texts, Mills illustrates the term's historical usage. Mills also examines the ways in which feminist, colonial, and postcolonial discourses have appropriated the term in various theoretical and cultural contexts.

Mishkin, Tracy. The Harlem and Irish Renaissances: Language, Identity, and Representation. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1998.

Mishkin explores the interconnections between literary movements on two different continents and from two different periods. In addition to isolating significant parallels and interrelations between the Harlem and Irish Renaissances, Mishkin establishes intriguing comparisons between each literary movement in terms of social justice. Additionally, Mishkin examines the linguistic links between the Irish Renaissance that began in the 1880s and the African-American movement of the 1920s.

Nelles, William. Frameworks: Narrative Levels and Embedded Narrative. New York: Peter Lang, 1997.

Nelles examines the structural device of the "story within a story" - variously labeled as "frame," "Chinese box," "Russian doll," or "embedded" narrative - so widely found in the literature of all cultures and periods. In addition to revealing the manner in which embedded narrative remains a form largely unmapped by literary theory, Nelles surveys and synthesizes the work done to date on this significant artistic technique and breaks new ground by providing a comprehensive model for the description and analysis of the many types and functions of embedded narrative.

Nichols, Ashton. The Revolutionary "I": Wordsworth and the Politics of Self-Presentation. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Nichols discusses the compositional "politics of self-presentation" inherent in Wordsworth's lyrical fragments produced during the winter of 1798-1799 in the German town of Goslar. In addition to focusing on the fragments' ultimate emergence as the source texts for The Prelude, Nichols argues that these fragments function as a revolutionary new version of the autobiographical "I." Nichols further contends that Wordsworth's constant revision of the poem helps explain his complex usage of the first person in his often autobiographical narrative.

Paulson, Ronald. Don Quixote in England: The Aesthetics of Laughter. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998.

Paulson traces the cultural and literary impact of the English translation of Cervantes's Don Quixote in 1612. Paulson devotes particular attention to the ways in which this comic novel inspired drawings, plays, sermons, and other translations, making the name of the Knight of la Mancha as familiar as any folk character in English lore. Paulson explores the qualities of the novel that most attracted English imitators, arguing that the English Don Quixote was not the same knight who meandered through Cervantes's novel. Rather, the English Don Quixote found employment in all sorts of specifically English ways, according to Paulson, not excluding the political uses to which a Spanish fool could be used in the English literary marketplace of the early seventeenth century.

Popkewitz, Thomas S., and Marie Brennan, eds. Foucault's Challenge: Discourse, Knowledge, and Power in Education. New York: Teachers College P, 1998.

Selections include Popkewitz and Brennan's "Restructuring of Social and Political Theory in Education: Foucault and a Social Epistemology of School Practices"; Lynn Fendler's "What Is It Impossible to Think? A Genealogy of the Educated Subject"; Hannu Simola, Sakari Heikkinen, and Jussi Silvonen's "A Catalog of Possibilities: Foucaultian History of Truth and Education Research"; Kenneth Hultqvist's "A History of the Present on Children's Welfare in Sweden: From Frobel to Present-Day Decentralization Projects"; and Bernadette Baker's "'Childhood' in the Emergence and Spread of U.S. Public Schools."

Potkay, Adam. The Fate of Eloquence in the Age of Hume. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1994.

Potkay examines the fate of eloquence during an era in which it exemplified oratorical art and functioned as a touchstone in political thought. In addition to exploring the role of Hume's philosophy in the literature of the mid-eighteenth century, Potkay discusses the role of eloquence in works Sterne, Pope, and Gray, among others. Additionally, Potkay investigates the abiding sense of urgency that the notion of eloquence evoked among eighteenth-century British readers.

Pryce, Huw, ed. Literacy in Medieval Celtic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Pryce's introduction; Patrick Sims-Williams's "The Uses of Writing in Early Medieval Wales"; Katherine Forsyth's "Literacy in Pictland"; T. M. Charles-Edwards's "The Context and Uses of Literacy in Early Christian Ireland"; David E. Thornton's "Orality, Literacy and Genealogy in Early Medieval Ireland and Wales"; Wendy Davies's "Charter-Writing and Its Uses in Early Medieval Celtic Societies"; Marie Therese Flanagan's "The Context and Uses of the Latin Charter in Twelfth-Century Ireland"; Sioned Davies's "Written Text as Performance: The Implications for Middle Welsh Prose Narratives"; Ceridwen Lloyd-Morgan's "More Written About Than Writing? Welsh Women and the Written Word"; Noel-Yves Tonnerre's "Celtic Literary Tradition and the Development of a Feudal Principality in Brittany"; Dauvit Broun's "Gaelic Literacy in Eastern Scotland Between 1124 and 1249"; Llinos Beverley Smith's "Inkhorn and Spectacles: The Impact of Literacy in Late Medieval Wales"; A. D. Carr's "'This My Act and Deed': The Writing of Private Deeds in Late Medieval North Wales"; and Katherine Simms's "Literacy and the Irish Bards."

Rowland, Jon Thomas. "Swords in Myrtle Dress'd": Toward a Rhetoric of Sodom: Gay Readings of Homosexual Politics and Poetics in the Eighteenth Century. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Rowland explores the manner in which a series of eighteenth-century texts helped to establish a rhetoric of homosexual expression. Drawing upon works such figures as Charles Churchell, Smollett, and Wilkes, Rowland argues that discourse on homosexuality is not unidirectional but "polyvalent" - in short, as one reads through them one learns to read increasingly from a homosexual perspective. In addition to surveying a variety of early homophobic tracts, Rowland offers readings of homoeroticism in Akenside's The Pleasures of Imagination and Odes.

Saenger, Paul. Space Between Words: The Origins of Silent Reading. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.

Saenger discusses the ways in which a change in writing - the introduction of word separation - led to the development of silent reading during the period from late antiquity to the fifteenth century. In addition to describing in detail how the new format of word separation, in conjunction with silent reading, spread from the British Isles and took gradual hold in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, Saenger examines word separation's origins in manuscripts copied by seventh- and eighth-century Irish scribes. Saenger argues that word separation appears concomitantly with the notion that a larger portion of the population was comprised of autonomous and self-motivated readers.

Selber, Stuart A., ed. Computers and Technical Communication: Pedagogical and Programmatic Perspectives. Greenwich: Ablex, 1997.

Selections include Selber's introduction; Selber's "Hypertext Spheres of Influence in Technical Communication Instructional Contexts"; James E. Porter's "Legal Realities and Ethical Hyperrealities: A Critical Approach Toward Cyberwriting"; Lee Brasseur's "Visual Literacy in the Computer Age: A Complex Perceptual Landscape"; Johndan Johnson-Eilola's "Wild Technologies: Computer Use and Social Possibility"; Billie J. Wahlstrom's "Teaching and Learning Communities: Locating Literacy, Agency, and Authority in a Digital Domain"; Ann Hill Duin and Ray Archee's "Distance Learning Via the World Wide Web: Information, Engagement, and Community"; Rebecca Burnett and David Clark's "Shaping Technologies: The Complexity of Electronic Collaborative Interaction"; Nancy Allen and Gregory A. Wickliff's "Learning Up Close and at a Distance"; Brad Mehlenbacher's "Technologies and Tensions: Designing Online Environments for Teaching Technical Communication"; Richard J. Selfe and Cynthia L. Selfe's Forces of Conservatism and Change in Computer-Supported Communication Facilities: Programmatic and Institutional Responses to Change"; James Kalmbach's "Computer-Supported Classrooms and Curricular Change in Technical Communication Programs"; Bill Karis's "Building Relationships to Garner Technological Resources and Support in Technical Communication Programs"; Tharon Howard's "Designing Computer Classrooms for Technical Communication Programs"; Mark Werner and David Kaufer's "Guiding Technical Communication Programs Through Rapid Change: The Cycle Between Technological and Curricular Change"; Stephen A. Bernhardt and Carolyn S. Vickrey's "Supporting Faculty Development in Computers and Technical Communication"; Henrietta Nickels Shirk's "New Roles for Technical Communicators in the Computer Age"; and Pamela S. Ecker and Katherine Staples's "Collaborative Conflict and the Future: Academic/Industrial Alliances and Adaptations."

Sisk, David W. Transformations of Language in Modern Dystopias. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Sisk examines the manner in which twentieth-century dystopian fiction in English concerns itself with social control and the manipulation of language. Sisk discusses utopian fiction's exploration of the perfectibility of human society through hypothetical advancements in technology, philosophy, and existing social structures. Sisk argues that individual freedom inevitably becomes ruthlessly suppressed by the powers of discourse and language in dystopian narratives.

Siskin, Clifford. The Work of Writing: Literature and Social Change in Britain, 1700-1830. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998.

Siskin argues that in Britain in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries new technologies of writing changed forever our ways of knowing and thinking. Siskin identifies the ways in which writing spurred on the advent of modern disciplinarity and professionalism between 1700 and 1830. Siskin contends that such changes resulted from the work of writing, which engendered literary study as a discipline during this era.

Stein, Gabriele. John Palsgrave as Renaissance Linguist. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997. Stein traces the 1530 publication of John Palsgrave's massive Lesclarcissement de la langue francoyse. Stein explores the ways in which Palsgrave treats language in terms of social relations, dialectal variation, and colloquial idiom. Additionally, Stein analyzes Palsgrave's syntactic analyses, pragmatic specifications, and semantic differentiations of words that anticipate the emergence of modern linguistics by more than four centuries.

Turner, Kathleen J., ed. Doing Rhetorical History: Concepts and Cases. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1998.

Selections include Turner's "Introduction: Rhetorical History as Social Construction"; David Zarefsky's "Four Senses of Rhetorical History"; E. Culpepper Clark and Raymie E. McKerrow's "The Rhetorical Construction of History"; Bruce E. Gronbeck's "The Rhetorics of the Past: History, Argument, and Collective Memory"; Moya Ann Ball's "Theoretical Implications of Doing Rhetorical History: Groupthink, Foreign Policy Making, and Vietnam"; James Jasinski's "A Constructive Framework for Rhetorical Historiography: Toward an Understanding of the Discursive (Re)constitution of 'Constitution' in The Federalist Papers"; James R. Andrews's "Oaths Registered in Heaven: Rhetorical and Historical Legitimacy in the Inaugural Addresses of Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln"; Timothy C. Jenkins's "Borderland Denouement: Missourians and the Rhetorical Inauguration of the 'Unholy Crusade,' Spring 1861"; Steven R. Goldzwig's "Civil Rights and the Cold War: A Rhetorical History of the Truman Administration's Desegregation of the United States Army"; Gregory Allen Olson's "'The Deciding Factor': The Rhetorical Construction of Mansfield's Credibility and the Eisenhower Administration's Policy on Diem"; Carol J. Jablonski's "Declining Honors: Dorothy Day's Rhetorical Resistance to the Culture of Heroic Ascent"; John C. Hammerback and Richard J. Jensen's "History and Culture as Rhetorical Constraints: Cesar Chavez's Letter from Delano"; and Ronald H. Carpenter's "Postscript: A Disciplinary History of Rhetorical History: Retrospect and Prospect."

Weeks, Dennis L., and Jane Hoogestraat, eds. Time, Memory, and the Verbal Arts: Essays on the Thought of Walter Ong. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP, 1998.

Selections include Weeks and Hoogestraat's introduction; Julie Stone Peters's "Orality, Literacy, and Print Revisited"; Hoogestraat's "'Discoverers of Something New': Ong, Derrida, and Postcolonial Theory"; Vincent Casaregola's "Orality, Literacy, and Dialogue"; John Miles Foley's "The Bard's Audience Is Always More Than a Fiction"; Werner H. Kelber's "Incantations, Remembrances, and Transformations of the Word"; James R. Andreas's "'Lewedly To a Lewed Man Speke': Chaucer's Defense of the Vulgar Tongue"; Alvin Kernan's "What the King Saw, What the Poet Wrote: Shakespeare Plays Before King James"; Patrick Colm Hogan's "The Beautiful and the Merely Pleasing: Love, Art, and 'The Jinnee in the Well Wrought Urn'"; Sr. Anne Denise Brennan, SC's "Breaking the Ice: Some Highlights of the History of Humor and Sense of Humor"; Thomas J. Farrell's "Faulkner and Male Agonism"; and George P. Weick's "The Crucial Antithesis: Orality/Literacy Interaction in the Poetry of Dylan Thomas."

Werner, Marta L. Emily Dickinson's Open Folios: Scenes of Reading, Surfaces of Writing. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1995.

Werner's detailed textual analysis of Emily Dickinson's Open Folios offers both a scholarly edition and an aesthetic exploration of a group of 40 late drafts and fragments hitherto known as the "Lord letters." Werner contends that a redefinition of the editorial enterprise is needed to approach the revelations of these writings - including the details that have been all but erased by editorial interventions and print conventions in the twentieth century. Paradoxically, Werner argues, "unediting" them provides readers with a better understanding of the relationship between medium and messages.

Williams, George Walton, ed. Shakespeare's Speech-Headings. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Selections include R. B. McKerrow's "A Suggestion Regarding Shakespeare's Manuscripts"; Paul Werstine's "McKerrow's 'Suggestion' and W. W. Greg"; Sidney Thomas's "McKerrow's Thesis Re-Examined"; William B. Long's "Perspective on Provenance: The Context of Varying Speech-heads"; A. R. Braunmuller's "Who Is Hubert? Speech-headings in King John, Act II"; Thomas Clayton's "Today We Have Parting of Names: Editorial Speech-(Be)Headings in Coriolanus"; Steven Urkowitz's "'All Things is Hansome Now': Murderers Nominated by Numbers in 2 Henry VI and Richard III"; Richard Proudfoot's "Speech Prefixes, Compositors and Copy in Plays from the Shakespeare Apocrypha"; and Randall McLeod's "What's the Bastard's Name?"

Wood, Rufus. Metaphor and Belief in The Faerie Queene. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Wood discusses Spenser's The Faerie Queene in terms of its author's skillful use of metaphor and belief in his long poem. In addition to revealing the ways in which Elizabethan writers narrated notions of commitment in their works, Wood examines the manner in which Spenser employs the concept of metaphoric principle of structure as a means of constructing his Elizabethan poetics. Wood also addresses the enduring debate concerning the abuse of metaphor in allegorical poetry.

Youngs, Tim, ed. Writing and Race. London: Longman, 1997.

Selections include Youngs's "Introduction: Context and Motif'; Michael K. Green's "Philosophers Among the Savages"; Gesa Mackenthun's "A Monstrous Race for Possession: Discourses of Monstrosity in The Tempest and early British America"; David Murray's "Racial Identity and Self-Invention in North America: the Red and the Black"; Liam Kennedy's "Once Upon a Time in America: Race, Ethnicity and Narrative Remembrance"; Sam Haigh's "Appropriating a Tradition: History and Identify in the work of Maryse Conde"; Simon Gikandi's "Race and the Modernist Aesthetic"; Youngs's "White Apes at the Fin de Siecle"; Chris White's "Hunting the Pederast: Richard Burton's Exotic Erotology"; Lynnette Turner's "Alfred W. Howitt and Lorimer Fison: 'Victorian' Ethnography and the Gendered 'Primitive'"; Christopher Gair's "The Disappearing Other: Exoticism and Destruction in Jack London's South Sea Writings"; and Richard H. King's "Modernity and Racism."

(3) Postmodernism and Deconstruction

Anderson, Perry. The Origins of Postmodernity. London: Verso, 1998.

Drawing upon the theoretical insights of Fredric Jameson, Anderson offers an historical account of postmodernity and its spatial, political, and intellectual settings. Anderson explores the conditions that accounted for the origins of postmodernism, both as a cultural and literary phenomenon, as well as a mode of literary critique. Using Jameson's work as a model, Anderson argues that postmodernism's fortunes seem to be directly related to the confidence and success of Left-wing politics.

Bretzius, Stephen. Shakespeare in Theory: The Postmodern Academy and the Early Modern Theater. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1997.

Drawing upon a diversity of artists from Shakespeare to the Beatles, Bretzius discusses the interconnections between theater and theory across a wide spectrum of contemporary critical movements. Bretzius features chapters that explore various postwar critical schools and Shakespearean dramas, including the New Historicism and Hamlet, feminism and The Taming of the Shrew, and pragmatism and Henry V. Additionally, Bretzius employs psychoanalysis, multiculturalism, deconstruction, and nuclear criticism in interpretations of, respectively, Love's Labour's Lost, Julius Caesar, and Othello.

Coles, Romand. Rethinking Generosity: Critical Theory and Politics of Caritas. Ithaca: Cornell, 1997.

Coles investigates the notion of gift-giving and generosity through her expansive analysis of the theoretical positions of such thinkers as Kant, Adorno, and Habermas. In addition to providing a close reading of Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Coles discusses Kant's efforts to formulate the ideology of giving within his concept of sovereign subjectivity. Using the theoretical insights of Adorno and Habermas, Coles attempts to establish a communicative ethics of generosity and of gift-giving.

Colilli, Paul. The Idea of a Living Spirit: Poetic Logic as a Contemporary Theory. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1997.

Colilli examines the enduring debate between rationalists and empiricists by demonstrating that ratio-logical thinking is based on - as opposed to being separate from - poetico-logical thinking. Drawing upon a range of thinkers and writers that includes Paolo Valesio, Franco Rella, Giorgio Agamben, Martin Heidegger, Carl Jung, Giambattista Vico, and Giordano Bruno, Colilli postulates his theory of poetic logic. Colilli provides a counter-argument to the mechanistic and materialistic perspectives of postmodern science and philosophy, arguing in favor of a unity that once existed between poetry and philosophy, between the lyric and the rational.

Corbin, Carol, ed. Rhetoric in Postmodern America: Conversations with Michael Calvin McGee. New York: Guilford, 1998.

Selections include "McGee Unplugged"; "Formal Discursive Theories"; "The Postmodern Condition"; "American Liberalism"; "The People"; and "Materialism." Corbin also features a generation selection of McGee's previously unpublished work, including "Fragments of Winter: Racial Discontents in America." The volume concludes with John Louis Lucaites's "Bibliography of Michael Calvin McGee's Work."

Couser, G. Thomas, and Joseph Fichtelberg, eds. True Relations: Essays on Autobiography and the Postmodern. Westport: Greenwood, 1998.

Selections include Fichtelberg's introduction; Timothy Dow Adam's "Photography and Ventriloguy in Paul Auster's The Invention of Solitude"; Marie Lovrod's "Art/i/fact: Re-reading Culture and Subjectivity Through Sexual Abuse Survivor Narratives"; Richard K. Sanderson's "Relational Deaths: Narratives of Suicide Survivorship"; George Newton's "From St. Augustine to Paul Monette: Sex and Salvation in the Age of AIDS"; Paul John Eakin's "Relational Selves, Relational Lives: The Story of the Story"; Joseph Hogan and Rebecca Hogan's "Autobiography in the Contact Zone: Cross-Cultural Identity in Jane Tapsubei Creider's Two Lives"; Larry Sisson's "The Art and Illusion of Spiritual Autobiography"; Katharina Gerstenberger's "Multiple Crossings: Cross-Dressing, Cross-Gender Identification, and the Passion of Collecting in Charlotte von Mahlsdorf's Autobiography I Am My Own Woman: A Life"; Judith Lutge Coullie's "Crazed New World: Reflections on Godfrey Moloi's My Life: Volume One"; and Gerald Silk's "All by Myself: Piero Manzoni's Autobiographical Use of His Body, Its Parts, and Its Products."

Deibert, Ronald J. Parchment, Printing, and Hypermedia: Communication in World Order Transformation. New York: Columbia UP, 1997.

Deibert argues that the landscape of world politics is undergoing rapid and fundamental transformations related to the advent of digital-electronic telecommunications. Deibert describes this phenomenon as the hypermedia environment. Deibert contends that the postmodern world order is a place inhabited by de-territorialized communities, fragmented identities, and transnational corporations.

Derrida, Jacques. Politics of Friendship. Trans. George Collins. London: Verso, 1997.

Selections include "Oligarchies: Naming, Enumerating, Counting"; "Loving in Friendship: Perhaps - the Noun and the Adverb"; "The Mad 'Truth': The Just Name of Friendship"; "The Phantom Friend Returning (in the Name of 'Democracy')"; "On Absolute Hostility: The Cause of Philosophy and the Spectre of the Political"; "Oath, Conjuration, Fraternization or the 'Armed' Question"; "He Who Accompanies Me"; "Recoils"; "'In human language, fraternity . . .'"; and "'For the First Time in the History of Humanity.'"

-----, and Gianni Vattimo, eds. Religion: Cultural Memory in the Present. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Selections include Vattimo's "Circumstances"; Derrida's "Faith and Knowledge: The Two Sources of 'Religion' at the Limits of Reason Alone"; Vattimo's "The Trace of the Trace"; Eugenio Trias's "Thinking Religion: the Symbol and the Sacred"; Aldo Gargani's "Religious Experience as Event and Interpretation"; Vincenzo Vitiello's "Desert, Ethos, Abandonment: Towards a Topology of the Religious"; Maurizio Ferraris's "The Meaning of Being as a Determinate Ontic Trace"; and Hans-Georg Gadamer's "Dialogues in Capri."

Durix, Jean-Pierre. Mimesis, Genres and Post-Colonial Discourse: Deconstructing Magic Realism. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Durix argues that reality cannot be taken for granted by postcolonial authors - writers who often have more than one system of reference at their disposal. In addition to discussing such terms as "realism," "fantasy," and "magic," Durix contends that their Western perceptions refuse to fit into any easy discursive categories. Drawing upon recent insights in postmodern and deconstructionist criticism, Durix suggests that postcolonial literature forces readers to reconsider the hierarchy of genres and subgenres inherent in the politics of language and narrative study.

Francese, Joseph. Narrating Postmodern Time and Space. New York: State U of New York P, 1997.

Using works by John Barth, E. L. Doctorow, Toni Morrison, and Antonio Tabucchi, Francese defines postmodernism and attempts to distinguish it from modernist prose. Francese argues that recent changes in narrative styles function in response to changes in real living conditions, particularly regarding recent advances in information technology. Francese contends that the postmodernist writers in his study propose a collective recovery of the past into a more future-oriented present.

Frow, John. Time and Commodity Culture: Essays in Cultural Theory and Postmodernity. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Frow explores the various cultural systems inherent in modernity. Selections include Frow's introduction; "What Was Postmodernism?"; "Tourism and the Semiotics of Nostalgia"; "Gift and Commodity"; and "Toute la memoire du monde: Repetition and Forgetting."

Grady, Hugh. Shakespeare's Universal Wolf: Studies in Early Modern Reification. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

Grady contends that Shakespeare's social criticism frequently parallels the positions postulated by critics of modernity in our own postmodernist era. Using the insights of such figures as Marx, Horkheimer, Adorno, and Foucault, Grady argues that recent arguments regarding modernity can usefully illuminate our understanding of the appetite, power, and will associated with Shakespeare's own development as an artist. Drawing upon readings of a variety of Shakespearean works, Grady explores the notion of reification - a term that refers to social systems created human societies but which confront those societies as mechanisms that operate beyond human control.

Hobson, Marian. Jacques Derrida: Opening Lines. London: Routledge, 1998.

Hobson offers an expansive account of Derrida's critical and philosophical legacy. In addition to exploring the ways in which Derrida has succeeded in innovating the terminology of the critical project, Hobson examines the philosopher-critic's capacity for skillfully manipulating language, themes, and arguments. Hobson also provides insightful speculation about the larger impact of Derrida's critical aesthetic upon the worlds of literary theory and philosophy.

Holmes, Frederick M. The Historical Imagination: Postmodernism and the Treatment of the Past in Contemporary British Fiction. Victoria, BC: English Literary Studies, 1997.

Holmes explores the ways in which works have the propensity to comment self-consciously upon the historical material that they have chosen to dramatize. Holmes identifies a paradox inherent in the manner in which literary works create a vivid illusion of the unfolding of historical events, only to dispel that myth by their very textuality. Drawing upon a variety of contemporary British novels, Holmes examines their writers' attempt to narrate portions of the historical past despite the thin veil of fictional illusion.

Jenkins, Keith, ed. The Postmodern History Reader. London: Routledge, 1997.

Selections include Jenkins's "Introduction: On Being Open About Our Closures"; Jean-Francois Lyotard's "The Postmodern Condition"; Jean Baudrillard's "The Illusion of the End"; Elizabeth Ermarth's "Sequel to History"; Diane Elam's "Romancing the Postmodern" [and] "Feminism and Deconstruction"; Robert Young's "White Mythologies: Writing History and the West"; Iain Chambers's "Migrancy, Culture, Identity"; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese's "Literary Criticism and the Politics of the New Historicism"; Christopher Norris's "Postmodernizing History: Right-wing Revisionism and the Uses of Theory"; Bryan Palmer's "Critical Theory, Historical Materialism, and the Ostensible End of Marxism: The Poverty of Theory Revisited"; Roland Barthes's "The Discourse of History"; Michel Foucault's "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History"; Hans Keller's "Language and Historical Representation"; Robert Berkhofer's "The Challenge of Poetics to (Normal) Historical Practice"; Gertrude Himmelfarb's "Telling It As You Like It: Postmodernist History and the Flight From Fact"; Geoffrey Elton's "Return to Essentials"; Gabrielle Spiegel's "History, Historicism, and the Social Logic of the Text in the Middle Ages"; Joyce Apple, Lynn Hunt and Margaret Jacob's "Telling the Truth About History"; Tony Bennett's "Outside Literature" [and] "Texts in History"; Susan Stanford Friedman's "Making History: Reflections on Feminism, Narrative, and Desire"; Lawrence Stone's "History and Postmodernism"; Patrick Joyce's "History and Postmodernism"; Lawrence Stone's "History and Postmodernism"; Gabrielle Spiegel's "History and Postmodernism"; F. R. Ankersmit's "Historiography and Postmodernism"; P. Zagorin's "Historiography and Postmodernism: Reconsiderations"; Neville Kirk's "History, Language, Ideas and Postmodernism: A Materialist View"; Patrick Joyce's "The End of Social History?"; Geoffrey Eley and Keith Nield's "Starting Over: The Present, the Postmodern and the Moment of Social History"; Patrick Joyce's "The End of Social History? A Brief Reply to Eley and Nield"; Saul Friedlander's "Probing the Limits of Representation"; Hayden White's "Historical Emplotment and the Problem of Truth"; Hans Keller's "'Never Again' is Now"; Wulf Kansteiner's "From Exception to Exemplum: The New Approaches to Nazism and the 'Final Solution'"; Robert Braun's "The Holocaust and Problems of Representation"; and Berel Lang's "Is it Possible to Misrepresent the Holocaust?"

Kearney, Richard. Poetics of Imagining: Modern to Post-modern. New York: Fordham UP, 1998.

Kearney traces the critical nuances of the imagination and establishes a relationship between aesthetics and ethics. In addition to offering a critically developed and accessible account of contemporary European theories of the imagination, Kearney addresses our understanding of the imaginary life through the frameworks of phenomenology, hermeneutics, and postmodernism. Kearney argues that one's understanding of postmodernism and the imagination requires a critical comprehension of the roles of fragmentation and fracture in contemporary life.

Kinney, Arthur F., ed. Classical, Renaissance, and Postmodernist Acts of the Imagination: Essays Commemorating O. B. Hardison, Jr. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1996.

Selections include Kinney's preface; Paul Trachtman's "O. B."; Jerry Leath Mills's "O. B. Hardison, Jr. at Chapel Hill"; David A. Richardson's "Fair Allurements to Learning: The Legacy of a Professing Teacher"; Myra Sklarew's "O. B. Hardison, Jr.: 21 October 1993"; Fletcher Collins, Jr.'s "Aristotle and the Future of Tragedy"; Leon Golden's "Katharsis in the Twentieth Century: The Paradigm Shifts"; T. V. F. Brogran's "Poetry and Epistemology: How 'Words, After Speech, Reach / Into the Silence. . . .'"; Marjorie Perloff's "John Cage's Dublin, Lyn Hejinian's Leningrad: Poetic Cities as Cyberspaces"; David R. Slavitt's "Poetics in Practice: 'The Gift: A Life of Lorenzo Da Ponte - A Fragment'"; Paul Ramsey's "Justice and Renaissance Poetics"; Ronald Horton's "Spenser's Farewell to Dido: The Public Turn"; Robert L. Montgomery's "Sidney, Shakespeare, and the Fallen Poet"; Joseph H. Summers's "Shakespearean Imaginations of the Other"; Homer Swander's "Love's Labor's Lost: Finding a Text, Finding a Play"; John F. Andrews's "Falling in Love: The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet"; Joan Ozark Holmer's "'Begot of nothing'? Dreams and Imagination in Romeo and Juliet"; Louis L. Martz's "'Of Government': Theme and Action in Measure for Measure"; Jason P. Rosenblatt's "Second Chances: Milton's Eve and the Law"; Edward R. Weismiller's "Rhymes and Reasons"; F. X. Murphy, C.S.S.R.'s "The Splendor of Truth"; Carol Dworkowski's "Culture and Technology: Reflections of O. B. Hardison, Jr.'s Disappearing Through the Skylight"; Richard M. Restak's "The Creative Brain"; and E. J. Applewhite's "Invisible Evolution in the Works of O. B. Hardison, Jr., and His Contemporaries."

Levinas, Emmanuel. Entre Nous: Thinking-of-the-Other. Trans. Michael B. Smith and Barbara Harshav. New York: Columbia UP, 1998.

Selections include "Is Ontology Fundamental?"; "The I and the Totality"; "Levy-Bruhl and Contemporary Philosophy"; "A Man-God?"; "A New Rationality: On Gabriel Marcel"; "Hermeneutics and the Beyond"; "Philosophy and Awakening"; "Useless Suffering"; "Philosophy, Justice, and Love"; "Nonintentional Consciousness"; "From the One to the Other: Transcendence and Time"; "The Rights of Man and Good Will"; "Diachrony and Representation"; "The Philosophical Determination of the Idea of Culture"; "Uniqueness"; "Totality and Infinity: Preface to the German Edition"; "Dialogue on Thinking-of-the-Other"; "'Dying for . . .'"; "The Idea of the Infinite in Us"; and "The Other, Utopia, and Justice."

Rosenfeld, Michel, and Andrew Arato, eds. Habermas on Law and Democracy: Critical Exchanges. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998.

Selections include Rosenfeld and Arato's "Introduction: Habermas's Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy"; Jurgen Habermas's "Paradigms of Law"; Arato's "Procedural Law and Civil Society: Interpreting the Radical Democratic Paradigm"; Jacques Lenoble's "Law and Undecidability: Toward a New Vision of the Proceduralization of Law"; Rosenfeld's "Can Rights, Democracy, and Justice Be Reconciled through Discourse Theory? Reflections on Habermas's Proceduralist Paradigm of Law"; Thomas McCarthy's "Legitimacy and Diversity: Dialectical Reflections on Analytic Distinctions"; Niklas Luhmann's "Quod Omnes Tangit: Remarks on Jurgen Habermas's Legal Theory"; Gunther Teubner's "De Collisione Discursuum: Communicative Rationalities in Law, Morality, and Politics"; Arthur J. Jacobson's "Law and Order"; Michael K. Power's "Habermas and the Counterfactual Imagination"; Robert Alexy's "Jurgen Habermas's Theory of Legal Discourse"; Klaus Gunther's "Communicative Freedom, Communicative Power, and Jurisgenesis"; William Rehg's "Against Subordination: Morality, Discourse, and Decision in the Legal Theory of Jurgen Habermas"; William E. Forbath's "Short-Circuit: A Critique of Habermas's Understanding of Law, Politics, and Economic Life"; Richard J. Bernstein's "The Retrieval of the Democratic Ethos"; Frank I. Michelman's "Family Quarrel"; Ulrich K. Preuss's "Communicative Power and the Concept of Law"; Andras Sajo's "Constitutional Adjudication in Light of Discourse Theory"; Bernhard Schlink's "The Dynamics of Constitutional Adjudication"; and Habermas's "Reply to Symposium Participants, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law."

Vasseleu, Cathryn. Textures of Light: Vision and Touch in Irigaray, Levinas, and Merleau-Ponty. London: Routledge, 1998.

Vasseleu examines the works of Luce Irigaray, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Emmanuel Levinas in an effort to underscore the significance of light in Western literature and philosophy. Vasseleu argues that light stands as a metaphor for truth and objectivity, as well as the axis of modern rationalism. Vasseleu demonstrates the manner in which ambivalent light functions within philosophy, feminism, and poststructuralism as a metaphor for the tension between vision and touch.

Vautier, Marie. New Worm Myth: Postmodernism and Postcolonialism in Canadian Fiction. Montreal: McGill-Queen's UP, 1998.

Vautier explores the manner in which de-constructing, de-centering, destabilizing, and de-mythologizing illustrate the ways in which New World myth narrators question the past in the present and carry out their original investigations of myth, place, and identity. Vautier argues that political realities are encoded in the language and narrative of the various novels that she interprets in her study, including George Bowering's Burning Water and Francois Barcelo's La Tribu, among others. Vautier contends that the reconfiguration of literary, religious, and historical myths and political ideologies in these works finds its origins in their shared situation of being in and of the New World.

Zurbrugg, Nicholas, ed. Jean Baudrillard, Art and Artefact. London: Sage, 1997.

Selections include Zurbrugg's "Introduction: 'Just What Is It That Makes Baudrillard's Ideas So Different, So Appealing?'"; Jean Baudrillard's "Objects, Images, and the Possibilities of Aesthetic Illusion"; "Aesthetic Illusion and Virtual Reality"; "The Art of Disappearance"; "The Ecstacy of Photography [interviewed by Nicholas Zurbrugg]"; "Baudrillard's List [interviewed by Rex Butler]"; Rex Butler's "Jean Baudrillard's Defence of the Real: Reading In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities as an Allegory of Representation"; Alan Cholodenko's "'Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear': The Virtual Reality of Jurassic Park and Jean Baudrillard"; Graham Coulter-Smith's "Between Marx and Derrida: Baudrillard, Art and Technology"; Gary Genosko's "Who is the 'French McLuhan?'"; Paul Patton's "This is Not a War"; Anne-Marie Willis's "After the Afterimage of Jean Baudrillard: Photography, the Object, Ecology and Design"; Zurbrugg's "Baudrillard, Barthes, Burroughs and 'Absolute' Photography"; and Richard G. Smith's "Following Baudrillard: A Bibliography of Writings on Jean Baudrillard."

(4) Reader-Response and Phenomenological Criticism

Ahearn, Edward J. Visionary Fictions: Apocalyptic Writing From Blake to the Modern Age. New Haven: Yale UP, 1997.

Ahearn explores the apocalypse in fictions from the poetry of Blake through postmodernist works of the present. In addition to discussing Blake's social conscience and mythological incoherence, Ahearn surveys such French writers as Nerval and Lautreamont, the fictions of William Burroughs, and the literary voices of Dadaism and Surrealism.

Barros, Carolyn A. Autobiography: Narrative of Transformation. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.

Barros explores autobiography's role as a "narrative of transformation" - a text that presents the "before" and "after" of an individual's life. Focusing on autobiography as narrative, Barros examines the various metamorphoses that are bounded and framed by the author's language and demonstrates that change is the operative metaphor in autobiographical discourse. In addition to including chapters on John Henry Cardinal Newman, John Stuart Mill, Charles Darwin, and Margaret Oliphant, Barros addresses autobiography's significance to an individual writer's corpus, to a particular culture, and finally to a history of "narratives of transformation." Barros also includes an appendix, "The Elisabeth Jay Chronology of Margaret Oliphant's Life."

Batchelor, John, Tom Cain, and Claire Lamont, eds. Shakespearean Continuities: Essays in Honour of E. A. J. Honigmann. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Selections include John Frankis's "Magic and the Recluse in Arden: Shakespeare's Precursors in the Forest"; Diana Whaley's "Voices From the Past: A Note on Termagant and Herod"; Michael Pincombe's "Classical and Contemporary Sources of the 'Gloomy Woods' of Titus Andronicus: Ovid, Seneca, Spenser"; Lamont's "Shakespeare's Henry IV and 'The Old Song of Percy and Douglas'"; Brian Vickers's "'Suppose You See': The Chorus in Henry V and The Mirror for Magistrates"; John Jowett's "Credulous to False Prints: Shakespeare, Chettle, Harvey, Wolfe"; Rosalind King's "The Case for the Earlier Canon"; A. D. Nuttall's "Freud and Shakespeare: Hamlet"; Edward Pechter's "Othello, The Infamous Riple and SHAKESPER"; Laurence Lerner's "Timon and Tragedy"; Park Honan's "Shakespeare the Man"; Philip Edwards's "The Rapture of the Sea"; Tom Cain's "'Comparisons and Wounding Flouts': Love's Labours Lost and the Tradition of Personal Satire"; Stanley Wells's "The Integration of Violent Action in Titus Andronicus"; R. S. White's "Troilus and Cressida as Brechtian Theatre"; R. A. Foakes's "On Finishing a Commentary on King Lear"; G. K. Hunter's "The Making of a Popular Repertory: Hollywood and the Elizabethans"; Bruce Babington's "Shakespeare Meets the Warner Brothers: Reinhardt and Dieterle's A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935)"; N. E. Osselton's "Nicholas Rowe and the Glossing of Shakespeare"; Judith Hawley's "Shakespearean Sensibilities: Women Writers Reading Shakespeare, 1753-1808"; Michael Rossington's "Shakespeare in The Cenci: Tragedy and 'Familiar Imagery'"; Batchelor's "Ruskin and Shakespeare"; Inga-Stina Ewbank's "Shakespeare and Strindberg: Influence as Insemination"; T. W. Craik's "The Further Fortunes of Falstaff"; Linda Anderson's "'Brush Up Your Shakespeare,' or Learning to Dance with the Bard: Angela Carter's Wise Children"; Kenneth Muir's "Base Uses"; Desmond Graham's "'After Shakespeare: The West End, Newcastle upon Tyne': A Set of Poems"; and E. A. J. Honigmann's "A Book-Binder's Grumble."

Benfey, Christopher. Degas in New Orleans: Encounters in the Creole Worm of Kate Chopin and George Washington Cable. New York: Knopf, 1998.

Benfey discusses Degas's travels from Paris to New Orleans in the fall of 1872. Benfey examines the role of Degas's creole experiences in his subsequent paintings, artistic efforts no doubt inspired by his encounters with the agonies of post-Civil War Reconstruction and cultural unrest in exotic New Orleans. In addition to exploring the influence of such writers as Kate Chopin and George Washington Cable upon postwar New Orleans, Benfey investigates Degas's artistic embrace of the city's vast cultural and historical resources.

Bidney, Martin. Patterns of Epiphany: From Wordsworth to Tolstoy, Pater, and Barrett Browning. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1997.

Bidney traces the notion of epiphany in the works of Coleridge, Wordsworth, Tolstoy, Pater, Carlyle, and Barrett Browning, among others. Bidney argues that writers' patterns of epiphany often exhibit characteristic elements - earth, fire, air, and water - patterns of motion, and geometric shapes. Bidney devotes particular attention to literary epiphanies as objects on the printed page, as structures worthy of cultural analysis.

Bluemel, Kristin. Experimenting on the Borders of Modernism: Dorothy Richardson's Pilgrimage. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1997.

Bluemel examines Dorothy Richardson's use of the stream of consciousness narrative technique in Pilgrimage. In addition to addressing Richardson's significant place among experimental modernists, Bluemel explores her literary associations with such figures as Joyce, Woolf, and Proust. Bluemel explores the complex relationship in Pilgrimage between experimental forms and oppositional politics, as well as they ways in which the novel challenges the literary conventions of its era.

Boireau, Nicole, ed. Drama on Drama: Dimensions of Theatricality on the Contemporary British Stage. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Selections include Boireau's preface; Nicole Vigouroux-Frey's "Greeks in Drama: Four Contemporary Issues"; Elisabeth Angle-Perez's "The Revival of Medieval Forms in Recent Political Drama"; Klaus Peter Miller's "Cultural Transformations of Subversive Jacobean Drama: Contemporary Sub-Versions of Tragedy, Comedy and Tragicomedy"; Michel Morel's "Women Beware Women by Howard Barker (with Thomas Middleton): The 'Terrible Consistency'"; Monique Prunet's "Japanese Theatrical Forms in Edward Bond's The Bundle and Jackets"; Ruby Cohn's "Now Converging, Now Diverging: Beckett's Metatheatre"; Maria Ghilardi-Santacatterina and Aleks Sierz's "Pinter and the Pinteresque: An Author Trapped by His Own Image?"; Christine Dymkowski's "'The Play's the Thing': The Metatheatre of Timberlake Wertenbaker"; Boireau's "Tom Stoppard's Metadrama: The Haunting Repetition"; Ann Wilson's "Hauntings: Ghosts and the Limits of Realism in Cloud Nine and Fen by Caryl Churchill"; Jean-Pierre Simard's "Watching for Dolphins by John McGrath: The Single Voicing of a Multiple Voice Performance"; Anne Fuchs's "Devising Drama on Drama: The Community and Theatre Traditions"; Lizbeth Goodman's "Representing Gender/Representing Self: A Reflection on Role-Playing in Performance Theory and Practice"; Albert-Reiner Glaap's "Translating, Adapting, Re-writing: Three Facets of Christopher Hampton's Work as a Playwright"; and John Elsom's "Les Enfants de Parodie: The Enlightened Incest of Anglo-American Musicals."

Bradley, Ian. Abide With Me: The World of Victorian Hymns. Chicago: GIA, 1997.

Bradley discusses the Victorian hymn from literary, theological, and cultural perspectives. In addition to tracing the importance of Victorian hymns in nineteenth-century novels and culture, Bradley investigates their significance in churches, their public popularity, and as forms of parody and as literary references. Bradley also speculates upon the political and sociological implications of Victorian hymnody.

Brown, Julia Prewitt. Cosmopolitan Criticism: Oscar Wilde's Philosophy of Art. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1997.

Brown addresses Wilde's central role as an icon of late-nineteenth-century literature and culture. Drawing upon the insights of such continental philosophers as Kant, Schiller, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche, Brown discusses Wilde's engagement with the contradictory relations between works of art and the ethical conflicts of daily life. Brown devotes particular attention to Wilde's experimental nature and his sense of art's diminishing significance in the evolution of the postindustrial world.

Bryden, Mary, ed. Samuel Beckett and Music. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Selections include Katharine Worth's "Words for Music Perhaps"; Bryden's "Beckett and the Sound of Silence"; Everett Frost's "The Note Man on the Word Man: Morton Feldman on Composing the Music for Samuel Beckett's Words and Music in The Beckett Festival of Radio Plays"; Catherine Laws's "Morton Feldman's Neither: A Musical Translation of Beckett's Text"; Philippe Albera's "Beckett and Holliger," trans. Bryden; Peter Szendy's "End Games," trans. Veronica Heath"; Edith Fournier's "Marcel Mihalovici and Samuel Beckett: Musicians of Return," trans. Bryden; Brigitta Weber's "That Time: Samuel Beckett and Wolfgand Fortner," trans. Julian Garforth; Harry White's "'Something is Taking its Course': Dramatic Exactitude and the Paradigm of Serialism in Samuel Beckett"; John Pilling's "Proust and Schopenhauer: Music and Shadows"; Walter Beckett's "Music in the Works of Samuel Beckett"; Miron Grindea's "Beckett's Involvement with Music"; interviews with Luciano Berio and Philip Glass; Roger Reynolds's "The Indifference of the Broiler to the Broiled"; Giacomo Manzoni's "Towards Parole da Beckett," trans. Walter Redfern; Clarence Barlow's "Songs Within Words: The Programme TXMS and the Performance of Ping on the Piano"; Jean-Yves Bosseur's "Between Word and Silence: Bing," trans. Bryden; Melanie Daiken's "Working with Beckett Texts"; and Earl Kim's "A Note: Dead Calm."

Carter, Steven R. James Jones: An American Literary Orientalist Master. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1998.

Carter investigates James Jones's cultural impact through close readings of such works as From Here to Eternity, The Thin Red Line, and Whistle, among others. Carter contends that Jones's theories about reincarnation, karma, and spiritual evolution found their origins in transcendentalism, theosophy, and Oriental religion. Carter contextualizes Jones's works in what he describes as an American literary Orientalism that includes such figures as Emerson, Thoreau, Kerouac, and Ginsberg, among others.

Cervetti, Nancy. Scenes of Reading: Transforming Romance in Bronte, Eliot, and Woolf. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.

Cervetti draws upon biographical, cultural, and feminist theory in her analysis of works by George Eliot, Charlotte Bronte, and Virginia Woolf. Cervetti argues that these volumes revise the romance plot and abandon this ancient story line in order to establish a much more expansive narrative world in feminist heroines experiment with new vistas of social possibility. Cervetti devotes particular attention to each writer's use of language, desire, and intellectual expression in their narration of such subjects as marriage and motherhood.

Chamberlain, Mary, and Paul Thompson, eds. Narrative and Genre. London: Routledge, 1998.

Selections include Chamberlain and Thompson's "Introduction: Genre and Narrative in Life Stories"; Alessandro Portelli's "Oral History as Genre"; Diana Gittins's "Silences: The Case of a Psychiatric Hospital"; Jose Sergio Leite Lopes and Rosilene Alvin's "A Brazilian Worker's Autobiography in an Unexpected Form: Interweaving the Interview and the Novel"; Chris Mann's "Family Fables"; T. G. Ashplant's "Anecdote as Narrative Resource in Working-Class Life Stories: Parody, Dramatization and Sequence"; Orvar Lofgren's "My Life as Consumer: Narratives from the World of Goods"; Stephan Feuchtwang's "Distant Homes, Our Genre: Recognizing Chinese Lives as an Anthropologist"; Yvette J. Kopijn's "The Oral History Interview in a Cross-Cultural Setting: An Analysis of Its Linguistic, Social and Ideological

Structure"; Kathryn Marie Dudley's "In the Archive, In the Field: What Kind of Document is an 'Oral History'?"; Paul Thompson's "Sharing and Reshaping Life Stories: Problems and Potential in Archiving Research Narratives"; and Jerry White's "Raphael Samuel: An Appreciation."

Childs, Donald J. T.S. Eliot: Mystic, Son and Lover. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Childs draws upon new manuscript resources and uncollected prose writings in an analysis of T. S. Eliot's preoccupation with mysticism in his poetry. Childs affords special attention to Eliot's concern with his various roles as mystic, son, and lover in his verse. Additionally, Childs discusses such concepts in this study as the relationship between men and women in literature, as well as mother-son relationships and their impact upon Eliot's aesthetic.

Chung, Haeja K., ed. Harriette Simpson Arnow: Critical Essays on Her Work. East Lansing: Michigan State UP, 1995.

Selections include Chung's introduction; Sandra L. Ballard's "Harriette Simpson Arnow's Life as a Writer"; Danny L. Miller's "Harriette Simpson and Harold Arnow in Cincinnati: 1934-1939"; Wilton Eckley's "Artistic Vision"; Barbara L. Baer's "Harriette Arnow's Chronicles of Destruction"; Glenda Hobbs's "Harriette Arnow's Kentucky Novels: Beyond Local Color"; Linda Wagner-Martin's "Harriette Arnow's Cumberland Women"; Miller's "Harriette Arnow's Social Histories"; Chung's "The Harbinger: Arnow's Short Fiction"; Joan R. Griffin's "'Fact and Fancy' in Mountain Path"; Beth Harrison's "'Between the Flowers': Writing beyond Mountain Stereotypes"; Ballard's "The Central Importance of Hunter's Horn"; Kathleen Walsh's "Hunter's Horn and the Necessity of Interdependence: Re-imagining the American Hunting Tale"; Hobbs's "A Portrait of the Artist as Mother: Harriette Arnow and The Dollmaker"; Kathleen L. Walsh's "Free Will and Determinism in Harriette Arnow's The Dollmaker"; Kathleen R. Parker's "American Migration Tableau in Exaggerated Relief: The Dollmaker"; Charlotte Haines's "The Weedkiller's Daughter and The Kentucky Trace: Arnow's Egalitarian Vision"; Harriette Simpson Arnow's "Introduction to Mountain Path, First Appalachian Heritage Edition"; Arnow's "'Some Musings on the Nature of History': The Clarence M. Burton Memorial Lecture"; Chung's "Fictional Characters Come to Life: An Interview"; and Ballard's "Help and Hindrances in Writing: A Lecture."

Clark, Timothy, and Jerrold E. Hogle, eds. Evaluating Shelley. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1996.

Selections include Charles J. Rzepka's "'God, and King, and Law': Anarchic Anxiety and Shelley's Canonical Function"; Stuart Curran's "Of Education"; Marilyn Butler's "Shelley and the Question of Joint Authorship"; Hogle's "Shelley and the Conditions of Meaning"; William Keach's "Shelley and the Revolutionary Left"; Clark's "Shelley After Deconstruction: The Poet of Anachronism"; Michael O'Neill's "'What's Aught But as 'Tis Valued?': A Reading of The Sensitive-Plant"; John Donovan's "'Lethean Joy': Memory and Recognition in Laon and Cynthna"; Nora Cook's "The Enigma of 'A Vision of the Sea', or 'Who Sees the Waterspouts?'"; John Williams's "Shelley's Peter Bell the Third: Relationship and the Canon"; Barbara Charlesworth Gelpi's "Keeping Faith with Desire: A Reading of Epipsychidion"; Ralph Pite's "Shelley, Dante and The Triumph of Life"; Lisa Vargo's "Close Your Eyes and Think of Shelley: Versioning Mary Shelley's Triumph of Life"; and Donald H. Reiman's "'Poetry in a More Restricted Sense': The Canon of Shelley's Poems and the Canon of His Poetry."

Conger, Syndy M., Frederick S. Frank, and Gregory O'Dea, eds. Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley After Frankenstein: Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley's Birth. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Selections include Angela D. Jones's "Lying Near the Truth: Mary Shelley Performs the Private"; Sheila Ahlbrand's "Author and Editor: Mary Shelley's Private Writings and the Author Function of Percy Bysshe Shelley"; O'Dea's "'Perhaps a Tale You'll Make It': Mary Shelley's Tales for The Keepsake"; Conger's "Mary Shelley's Women in Prison"; Judith Barbour's "'The Meaning of the Tree': The Tale of Mirra in Mary Shelley's Mathilda"; Audra Dibert Himes's "'Knew Shame, and Knew Desire': Ambivalence as Structure in Mary Shelley's Mathilda"; Ranita Chatterjee's "Mathilda: Mary Shelley, William Godwin, and the Ideologies of Incest"; Diane Long Hoeveler's "Mary Shelley and Gothic Feminism: The Case of 'The Mortal Immortal'"; James P. Carson's "'A Sigh of Many Hearts': History, Humanity, and Popular Culture in Valperga"; Paul A. Cantor's "The Apocalypse of Empire: Mary Shelley's The Last Man"; Lynn Wells's "The Triumph of Death: Reading and Narrative in Mary Shelley's The Last Man"; Ann M. Frank Wake's "Women in the Active Voice: Recovering Female History in Mary Shelley's Valperga and Perkin Warbeck"; Lisa Hopkins's "The Self and the Monstrous: The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck"; Charlene E. Bunnell's "The Illusion of 'Great Expectations': Manners and Morals in Mary Shelley's Lodore and Falkner"; and Frank's "Mary Shelley's Other Fiction: A Bibliographical Census."

Conway, Jill Ker. When Memory Speaks: Reflections on Autobiography. New York: Knopf, 1998. Conway examines the nature of modern memoirs and the forms and styles that they evince. Conway surveys the narrative patterns of modern memoirs and argues that they find their structural origins in formerly male autobiographies, as well as in tales of classical Greek heroes and their epic journeys of adventure. Conway offers close readings of memoirs by George Sand, W. E. B. DuBois, Virginia Woolf, and Katharine Graham, among others.

Corbett, David Peters, ed. Wyndham Lewis and the Art of Modern War. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Corbett's "Introduction: 'The Subject of Modern War'"; Alan Munton's "Wyndham Lewis: War and Aggression"; Tom Normand's "Wyndham Lewis, the Anti-War War Artist"; Christine Hardegen's "Actors and Spectators in the Theatre of War: Wyndham Lewis's First World Ward Art and Literature"; Geoff Gilbert's "Shellshock, Anti-Semitism, and the Agency of the Avant-Garde"; David Peters Corbett's "'Grief With a Yard Wide Grin': War and Wyndham Lewis's Tyros"; Paul Edwards's "'It's Time for Another War': The Historical Unconscious and the Failure of Modernism"; Andrew Causey's "Wyndham Lewis and History Painting in the Later 1930s"; and David A. Wragg's "Aggression, Aesthetics, Modernity: Wyndham Lewis and the Fate of Art."

Craig, David M. Tilting at Mortality: Narrative Strategies in Joseph Heller's Fiction. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1997.

Craig addresses the roles of ethics and mortality in the fictions of Joseph Heller. In addition to tracing the evolution of Heller's engagement with human mortality and aesthetics in his novels, Craig examines the place of comedy and anger in the writer's works. Craig focuses upon three principal elements in his fictions, including narrative form, style, and the correspondence between fiction and life.

d'Albertis, Deirde. Dissembling Fictions: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Victorian Social Texts. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

d'Albertis explores Elizabeth Gaskell's engagement in her fictions with a variety of controversial subjects, including prostitution, industrial conflict, and evolutionary theory, among others, d' Albertis argues that the boldness of Gaskell's subjects often becomes obscured by the subtle nature of her formal experimentation and ideological claims. Through her close readings of such works as North and South, d'Albertis contends that Gaskell functioned as a writer on the periphery of both traditional as well as feminist literary history.

Day, Gary, ed. Varieties of Victorianism: The Uses of a Past. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Selections include Day's "Introduction: Past and Present - The Case of Samuel Smiles' Self Help"; Mary Angela Schwer's "Imperial Muscular Christianity: Thomas Hughes's Biography of David Livingstone"; Chris Hopkins's "Victorian Modernity? Writing the Great Exhibition"; Jessica Maynard's "Black Silk and Red Paisley: the Toxic Woman in Wilkie Collins's Armadale"; Simon Malpas's "A Postmodern Victorian? Lewis Carroll and the Critique of Totalising Reason"; Peter R. Sedgwick's "Politics as Antagonism and Diversity: Mill and Lyotard"; K.M. Newton's "Victorian Values and Silas Marner"; John Peck's "Racism in the Mid-Victorian Novel: Thackeray's Philip"; Steven Earnshaw's "The Reason for Drinking in Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge"; Carl Plasa's "'To Whom Does He Address Himself?': Reading Wordsworth in Browning's Pauline"; Alistair Walker's "A Rose is a Rose is a Rover"; Nadine Holdsworth's "Haven't I Seen You Somewhere Before? Melodrama, Postmodernism and Victorian Culture"; Darryl Wadsworth's "'A Low Born Labourer Like You': Audience and Victorian Working-Class Melodrama"; Nick Rance's "'Victorian Values' and 'Fast Young Ladies': From Madeleine Smith to Ruth Rendell"; Robert Mighall's "Vampires and Victorians: Count Dracula and the Return of the Repressive Hypothesis"; and Jonathan Skinner's "Of Elephant's and Men: The Freak as Victorian and Contemporary Spectacle."

Eaglestone, Robert. Ethical Criticism: Reading After Levinas. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1997.

Eaglestone's often incomplete introduction to the field of ethical criticism addresses the substantial place of Emmanuel Levinas in the study of contemporary literature and criticism. Eaglestone provides chapters on such issues as Martha C. Nussbaum's influence on the recent evolution of ethical criticism, as well as on the possible ethics of deconstruction and other contemporary forms of literary criticism. Eaglestone also assesses such subjects as the future of literary criticism and Levinas's moral-philosophical arguments.

Eldridge, C. C. The Imperial Experience: From Carlyle to Forster. London: Macmillan, 1996.

Eldridge traces the role of Empire in the fictions of the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Using works by a range of figures from Thomas Carlyle to E. M. Forster, Eldridge discusses the ways in which the literature of the era both reflected and legitimized the imperial ideology of that era. Additionally, Eldridge examines popular culture and its role in fomenting anti-imperial views.

Fara, Patricia, and Karalyn Patterson, eds. Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Fara and Patterson's introduction; Richard Sennett's "Disturbing Memories"; Catherine Hall's "'Turning a Blind Eye': Memories of Empire"; A. S. Byatt's "Memory and the Making of Fiction"; Jack Goody's "Memory in Oral Tradition"; Juliet Mitchell's "Memory and Psychoanalysis"; Barbara A. Wilson's "When Memory Fails"; Steven P. R. Rose's "How Brains Make Memories"; and Terrence Sejnowski's "Memory and Neural Networks."

Filmer-Davies, Kath. Fantasy Fiction and Welsh Myth: Tales of Belonging. London: Macmillan, 1996.

Filmer-Davies addresses contemporary retellings of Old Welsh stories and their treatment of the human need for belonging. Using fantasy novels by such figures as Lloyd Alexander, Madeleine L'Engle, Alan Garner, and Stephen Lawhead, Filmer-Davies examines this concept and its place in contemporary narratives. Additionally, Filmer-Davies assesses the role of belonging in historical romances by Sharon Penman, Edith Pargeter, and Barbara Erskine, among others.

Fisch, Harold. New Stories for Old: Biblical Patterns in the Novel. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Fisch discusses the Biblical influence on the style and structure of novels by Fielding, Defoe, George Eliot, Kafka, and Dostoevsky, among others. Fisch devotes particular attention to the often adversarial relationship between writers and the archetypal narratives of the Bible, especially in terms of the Job story and the Binding of Isaac. Fisch also features chapters on works by Israeli novelists S. Y. Agnon and A. B. Yehoshua, especially in terms of their simultaneous resistance to and fascination with the Biblical world.

Folks, Jeffrey J., and James A. Perkins, eds. Southern Writers at Century's End. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1997.

Selections include James H. Justus's foreword; Folks and Perkins's introduction; Doris Betts's "Randall Garrett Kenan: Myth and Reality in Tims Creek"; David Aiken's "Mary Hood: The Dark Side of the Moon"; Hugh Ruppersburg's "James Wilcox: The Normality of Madness"; Randolph Paul Runyon's "John Grisham: Obsessive Imagery"; William Bedford Clark and Charlene Kerne Clark's "James Lee Burke: '. . . Always the First Inning'"; Mary Bozeman Hodges's "T. R. Pearson: Debatable Heroes"; Sue Laslie Kimball's "Tim McLaurin: Keeper of the Moon"; Carroll Viera's "Richard Marius: 'The Brooding Mystery'"; Perkins's "Robert Drake: The Railroad as Metaphor"; Nancy Lewis's "Kaye Gibbons: Her Full-Time Women"; David Madden's "Barry Hannah: Geronimo Rex in Retrospect"; James Grove's "Anne Tyler: Wrestling With the 'Lowlier Angel'"; Albert E. Wilhelm's "Bobbie Ann Mason: Searching for Home"; John G. Cawelti's "Cormac McCarthy: Restless Seekers"; Winifred Morgan's "Alice Walker: The Color Purple as Allegory"; Randolph Paul Runyon's "Fred Chappell: Midquestions"; Elizabeth A. Ford's "Josephine Humphreys: 'Hope's Last Stand'"; Folks's "Richard Ford: Postmodern Cowboys"; Lucy Ferriss's "Andre Dubus: 'Never Truly Members'"; James A. Grimshaw Jr.'s "Clyde Edgerton: Death and Dying"; and Elizabeth Pell Broadwell's "Lee Smith: Ivy Rowe as Woman and Artist."

Fredricks, Nancy. Melville's Art of Democracy. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1995.

Fredricks argues that Herman Melville was an early practitioner and advocate of multiculturalism. Fredricks affords particular attention to Melville's search for literary strategies compatible with egalitarian, democratic, and multicultural value systems. In addition to providing readings of such novels as Moby-Dick and Pierre, Fredricks surveys Melville's egalitarian aesthetic in relation to Kant's critique of fanaticism and his theory of the sublime.

Fulton, Joe B. Mark Twain's Ethical Realism: The Aesthetics of Race, Class, and Gender. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1997.

Fulton discusses Twain's interest in the relationship between ethics and aesthetics. Fulton explores the skepticism associated with such terms as realism that has led some scholars to ignore Twain's views about the ways in which writers create believable fictions. Fulton devotes particular attention to Twain's depiction of the individual in his fictions, as well as to the novelist's critique of race, class, and gender in his narratives.

Fysh, Stephanie. The Work(s) of Samuel Richardson. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Fysh explores Samuel Richardson's fictions and addresses the ways in which such issues as publishing, printing, and popular culture impact his narratives. Fysh examines Richardson's 1734 conduct manual The Apprentice's Vade Mecum: or, Young Man's Pocket Companion in terms of the author's publishing and printing practices. Additionally, Fysh discusses such novels as Pamela as a pastiche of anecdotes, exhibitions, fans, painting, and advertisements, among other fragments of popular culture.

Gandal, Keith. The Virtues of the Vicious: Jacob Riis, Stephen Crane, and the Spectacle of the Slum. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Gandal discusses the manner in which the slum in nineteenth-century America became in the 1890s an unprecedented source of popular spectacle in novels, newspapers, documentary accounts, and photographs. Gandal uses this cultural context in close readings of such works as Stephen Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets and Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives, among others. Gandal argues that Crane's "bohemianism" and Riis's "touristic" approach to fiction romanticize slum life and underscore the middle class's unease with its own value systems.

Gillies, John, and Virginia Mason Vaughan, eds. Playing the Globe: Genre and Geography in English Renaissance Drama. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include Vaughan's "Preface: The Mental Maps of English Renaissance Drama"; Gillies's "Introduction: Elizabethan Drama and the Cartographizations of Space"; Bruce Avery's "Gelded Continents and Plenteous Rivers: Cartography as Rhetoric in Shakespeare"; Rhonda Lemke Sanford's "A Room Not One's Own: Feminine Geography in Cymbeline"; Linda McJannet's "Genre and Geography: The Eastern Mediterranean in Pericles and The Comedy of Errors"; Sara Hanna's "Shakespeare's Greek World: The Temptations of the Sea"; Richmond Barbour's "Britain and the Great Beyond: The Masque of Blackness at Whitehall"; John Michael Archer's "Slave-Born Muscovites: Racial Difference and the Geography of Servitude in Astrophil and Stella and Love's Labor's Lost"; Barbara Sebek's "'Strange Outlandish Wealth': Transglobal Commerce in The Merchant's Mappe of Commerce and The Fair Maid of the West, Parts I and II"; Gillies's "Marlowe, the Timur Myth, and the Motives of Geography"; Glenn Clark's "The 'Strange' Geographies of Cymbeline"; and Anthony Miller's "Domains of Victory: Staging and Contesting the Roman Triumph in Renaissance England."

Gilman, Sander L. Smart Jews: The Construction of the Image of Jewish Superior Intelligence. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1996.

Gilman explores the alleged connection between race or ethnicity and intelligence and virtue. In addition to addressing the long and disturbing history of such theories, Gilman examines a range of texts that assert the greater intelligence of Jews. Gilman provides close readings of such works as F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon, Stephen Spielberg's Schindler's List, and Robert Redford's Quiz Show, among others.

Gornick, Vivian. The End of the Novel of Love. Boston: Beacon, 1997.

Gornick investigates the depiction of love in novels by a range of figures, including Jean Rhys, Willa Cather, Christina Stead, and George Meredith, among others. Gornick argues that such novels often dramatize the phenomenon of our angry and frightened selves in the presence of love as a modern preoccupation. Gornick explores such issues as the solitary self, the desire for love, and the place of "tenderhearted" men in her study. Griffith, Clark. Achilles and the Tortoise: Mark Twain's Fictions. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1998.

Griffith argues that the impetus for Mark Twain's fictions finds its origins in his negativistic, pessimistic, and nihilistic humor. Griffith offers close readings of a range of Twain's fictions, contending that the writer's genius lies in his ability to retell various jokes with endless humor and precision. Griffith also draws parallels between Twain's narratives and humor and the novels of Herman Melville, arguing that, as with Twain, Melville employs laughter as the prevailing tone of many of his works.

Guerin, M. Victoria. The Fall of Kings and Princes: Structure and Destruction in Arthurian Tragedy. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1995.

Guerin's study explores two principal themes - the role of troubled genealogy in the interpretation of the most enigmatic of Arthurian texts and the medieval difficulty in articulating the concept of tragedy. Guerin devotes particular attention to an analysis of the character of Mordred, as well as to the life and death of Arthur. Guerin features close readings of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Chretien de Troyes's Le Chevalier de la Charrete in his study.

Hester, M. Thomas, ed. John Donne's "Desire of More": The Subject of Anne More Donne in His Poetry. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1996.

Selections include Hester's "'Faeminae Lectissimae': Reading Anne Donne"; Ernest W. Sullivan, II's "Donne's Epithalamium for Anne"; Dayton Haskin's "On Trying to Make the Record Speak More About Donne's Love Poems"; Camille Wells Slights's "A Pattern of Love: Representation of Anne Donne"; Julia M. Walker's "Anne More: A Name Not Written"; Ilona Bell's "'If It Be a Shee': The Riddle of Donne's 'Curse'"; Dennis Flynn's "Anne More, John Donne, and Edmond Neville"; Kate Gartner Frost's "'Preparing Towards Her': Contexts of A Nocturnal Upon S. Lucies Day"; Graham Roebuck's "'Glimmering Lights': Anne, Elizabeth, and the Poet's Practice"; Theresa M. DiPasquale's "Ambivalent Mourning in 'Since She Whome I Lovd'"; Frances M. Malpezzi's "Love's Liquidity in 'Since She Whome I Lovd'"; Achsah Guibbory's "Fear of 'Loving More': Death and the Loss of Sacramental Love"; and Maureen Sabine's "No Marriage in Heaven: John Donne, Anne Donne, and the Kingdom Come."

Hopkins, Lisa. The Shakespearean Marriage: Merry Wives and Heavy Husbands. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Hopkins addresses the substantial role of marriage in the plays of Shakespeare, particularly in the comedies and in the histories. In addition to contextualizing marriage within the value systems of Renaissance life, Hopkins contends that Shakespeare employs the institution as a means for commenting on the moral and social underpinnings of Renaissance society. Hopkins argues that Shakespeare demonstrates the psychological costs that marriage exacts from men and women, as well as exploring it as a means of fertility and social stability.

Howe, Lawrence. Mark Twain and the Novel: The Double-Cross of Authority. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Howe argues that Twain was a novelist both drawn to and necessarily suspicious of authority. In addition to exploring this tension in the writer's narratives, Howe argues that Twain's fictions are characterized by disruptions, repetitions, and contradictions. Howe contends that the novelist employs these issues as means for narrating the ideological standoff between the American ideal of individual freedom and the reality of social control.

Johnson, Margaret. Gerard Manley Hopkins and Tractarian Poetry. Hampshire: Ashgate, 1997.

Johnson situates Hopkins's poetry within the vital aesthetic and religious cultures of his youth. In addition to surveying the various cultural influences upon the poet's verse, Johnson assesses the impact of fellow convert John Henry Newman and the Church of England upon Hopkins's poetry. Johnson devotes particular attention to the influence of Tractarian poetry upon Hopkins's aesthetic.

Lewis, Cynthia. Particular Saints: Shakespeare's Four Antonios, Their Contexts, and Their Plays. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Lewis examines the coincidence and characterization of the four Antonios in Shakespeare's plays, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night, Antony and Cleopatra, and The Tempest. In addition to exploring why each character is depicted as a fool for love, Lewis argues that each figure finds its origins in the medieval iconography and hagiography of Saint Anthony of Egypt. Lewis contends, moreover, that each character shares the capacity for raising difficult questions about love, the nature of loving, charity, and the limits of altruism.

Lowenthal, David. Shakespeare and the Good Life: Ethics and Politics in Dramatic Form. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.

Lowenthal traces the role of ethics and politics in a selection of plays by Shakespeare. Lowenthal provides close readings of such works as The Tempest, King Lear, Julius Caesar, The Merchant of Venice, and Measure for Measure, among other plays. In addition to addressing the moral-philosophical properties of the good life, Lowenthal offers a useful survey of "Shakespeare and the Critics."

Luckhurst, Roger. "The Angle Between Two Walls": The Fiction of J. G. Ballard. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Luckhurst examines the ways in which J. G. Ballard's fictions shift between science fiction, apocalyptic visions, autobiography, and narratives of the contemporary urban landscape. Luckhurst addresses Ballard's fictions in terms of a variety of contexts, including discussion of his works' literary, philosophical, and historical aspects. Luckhurst argues that Ballard's aesthetic functions upon the narrative occupation of an "impossible" space in the mechanisms that dictate literary judgements.

Magennis, Hugh. Images of Community in Old English Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.

Magennis examines the notion of community and the relationship of individuals to communities widely evident in Old English verse. Magennis devotes special attention to the historical context in which the most significant poetic manuscripts of the late Anglo-Saxon period were received. Magennis discusses the imagery, themes, and communal structures inherent in Old English poetry.

Marsh, Nicholas. Jane Austen: The Novels. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Marsh analyzes various extracts from the novels of Jane Austen in an effort to account for the remarkable role of irony in her fictions. In addition to examining the moral import of Austen's narratives, Marsh investigates the ironic subtlety of the writer's novels of manners. Marsh offers close readings of Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion in her analysis of Austen's fictions.

Marshall, Ian. Story Line: Exploring the Literature of the Appalachian Trail. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1998.

An avid hiker, Marshall discusses the literature that evokes the Appalachian Trail, including such works as Thomas Jefferson's "Notes on the State of Virginia" and Walt Whitman's "Song of the Open Road." Drawing upon works by Annie Dillard, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville, Marshall employs ecocriticism in his search for that point of convergence where wilderness and literature meet. Additionally, Marshall encounters various forms of mountain lore in his study of the Appalachian Trail.

Meindl, Dieter. American Fiction and the Metaphysics of the Grotesque. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1996.

Drawing upon the theoretical insights of Bakhtin and Heidegger, Meindl discusses the ways in which American fiction has attempted to convey the existential dimension of life and reading. Using a range of works by figures from Poe to Pynchon, Meindl explores the grotesque and its self-contradictory nature. Meindl contends that the notion of decentering the subject, established in a wide array of American literary works, did not find its origins with deconstruction.

Merrell, Floyd. Simplicity and Complexity: Pondering Literature, Science, and Painting. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.

Merrell applies chaos theory and the nature of fractals and dissipative structures in readings of a range of works by such writers as Jorge Luis Borges, Italo Calvino, Thomas Pynchon, and Samuel Beckett. Merrell argues that these writers' engagement with these hidden complexities of the universe reveals our innate desires for simplicity even as we learn to cope with complexity. Merrell addresses similar issues in the world of painting, especially in the works of Paul Cezanne.

Mester, Terri A. Movement and Modernism. Fayetteville: U of Arkansas P, 1997.

Mester argues that dance during the first quarter of this century contributed significantly to the shape of literary modernism through its influence of works by W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot, D. H. Lawrence, and William Carlos Williams. Mester devotes particular attention to the ways in which each of the aforementioned writers turned to dance and dancers, actual as well as mythic, in an effort to enhance their literary practices. Mester assesses the common set of value systems inherent in each writer's aesthetic, including their desires for more fluid sex roles in their works and their fascinations with Oriental philosophy and erotica. Millgate, Michael. Faulkner's Place. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1997.

Selections include "Faulkner's Books: A Chronology"; "William Faulkner: The Shape of a Career"; "'A Cosmos of My Own': The Evolution of Yoknapatawpha"; "Faulkner's First Trilogy: Sartoris, Sanctuary, and Requiem for a Nun"; "William Faulkner: The Two Voices"; "Faulkner's Masters"; "Undue Process: Faulkner and the Law"; and "Unreal Estate: Reflections on Wessex and Yoknapatawpha."

Mills, David, ed. The Pilgrim's Guide: C. S. Lewis and the Art of Witness. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Selections include Mills's introduction; Christopher W. Mitchell's "Bearing the Weight of Glory: The Cost of C. S. Lewis's Witness"; Harry Blamires's "Teaching the Universal Truth: C. S. Lewis among the Intellectuals"; Bruce L. Edwards's "A Thoroughly Converted Man: C. S. Lewis in the Public square"; Michael H. Macdonald and Mark P. Shea's "Saving Sinners and Reconciling Churches: An Ecumenical Meditation on Mere Christianity"; Kallistos Ware's "God of the Fathers: C. S. Lewis and Eastern Christianity"; James Patrick's "The Heart's Desire and the Landlord's Rules: C. S. Lewis as a Moral Philosopher"; Stratford Caldecott's "Speaking the Truths Only the Imagination May Grasp: Myth and 'Real Life'"; Colin Duriez's "The Romantic Writer: C. S. Lewis's Theology of Fantasy"; Mills's "To See Truly through a Glass Darkly: C. S. Lewis, George Orwell, and the Corruption of Language"; Thomas Howard's "The Triumphant Vindication of the Body: The End of Gnosticism in That Hideous Strength"; Leslie P. Fairfield's "Fragmentation and Hope: The Healing of the Modern Schisms in That Hideous Strength"; Sheridan Gilley's "The Abolition of God: Relativism and the Center of the Faith"; Stephen M. Smith's "Appendix: The Structure of the Narnia Chronicles"; Doris T. Myers's "Growing in Grace: The Anglican Spiritual Style in the Narnia Chronicles"; Thomas C. Peters's "The War of the Worldviews: H. G. Wells and Scientism versus C. S. Lewis and Christianity"; Jerry Root's "Tools Inadequate and Incomplete: C. S. Lewis and the Great Religions"; Kendall Harmon's "Nothingness and Human Destiny: Hell in the Thought of C. S. Lewis"; Diana Pavlac Glyer's "A Reader's Guide to Books about C. S. Lewis, and Other Resources"; Mills, Michael Nee, and James Kurtz's "A C. S. Lewis Time Line"; and an appendix, "The Source of C. S. Lewis's Use of the Phrase 'Mere Christianity.'"

Minnis, A. J., Charlotte C. Morse, and Thorlac Turville-Petre, eds. Essays on Ricardian Literature: In Honour of J. A. Burrow. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

Selections include A. C. Spearing's "A Ricardian T: The Narrator of Troilus and Criseyde"; Derek Pearsall's "Pre-Empting Closure in The Canterbury Tales"; Carol M. Meale's "Women's Piety and Women's Power: Chaucer's Prioress Reconsidered"; N. R. Havely's "Muses and Blacksmiths: Italian Trecento Poetics and the Reception of Dante in The House of Fame"; Ardis Butterfield's "French Culture and the Ricardian Court"; A. G. Rigg's "Anglo-Latin in the Ricardian Age"; Minnis's "Looking for a Sign: The Quest for Nominalism in Chaucer and Langland"; Richard Firth Green's "Ricardian 'Trouthe': A Legal Perspective"; Nicolas Jacobs's "Ricardian Romance?: Critiques and Vindications"; Stephen Medcalf's "The World and Heart of Thomas Usk"; Gerald Morgan's "The Perfection of the Pentangle and of Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"; Turville-Petre's "The 'Pearl'-Poet in His 'Fayre Regioun'"; John Scattergood's "'Patience' and Authority"; Morse's "From 'Ricardian Poetry' to Ricardian Studies"; and C. J. Burrow's "J. A. Burrow: A Bibliography." Najder, Zdzislaw. Conrad in Perspective: Essays on Art and Fidelity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include "Introduction, or Confession of a Mastodon"; "Conrad's Polish Background, or from Biography to a Study of Culture"; "Joseph Conrad's Parents"; "Joseph Conrad and Tadeusz Bobrowski"; "The Sisters: A Grandiose Failure"; "Lord Jim: A Romantic Tragedy of Honour"; "The Mirror of the Sea"; "A Personal Record"; "Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent, or the Melodrama of Reality"; "Conrad, Russia, and Dostoevsky"; "Conrad and Rousseau: Concepts of Man and Society"; "Conrad and the Idea of Honour"; "Joseph Conrad: A European Writer"; "Joseph Conrad after a Century"; "Joseph Conrad in His Historical Perspective"; and "Fidelity and Art: Joseph Conrad's Cultural Heritage and Literary Programme."

O'Keeffe, Katherine O'Brien, ed. Reading Old English Texts. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include O'Keeffe's introduction; Michael Lapidge's "The Comparative Approach"; D.G. Scragg's "Source Study"; Daniel Donoghue's "Language Matters"; Nicholas Howe's "Historicist Approaches"; Andy Orchard's "Oral Tradition"; Paul E. Szarmach's "The Recovery of Texts"; Clare A. Lees's "At a Crossroads: Old English and Feminist Criticism"; Carol Braun Pasternack's "Post-Structuralist Theories: The Subject and the Text"; and Peter S. Baker's "Old English and Computing: A Guided Tour."

Oz, Avraham, ed. Strands Afar Remote: Israeli Perspectives on Shakespeare. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include Zvi Jagendorf's "Innocent Arrows and Sexy Sticks: The Rival Economies of Male Friendship and Heterosexual Love in The Merchant of Venice"; Alan Rosen's "The Rhetoric of Exclusion: Jew, Moor, and the Boundaries of Discourse in The Merchant of Venice"; Ahuva Belkin's "'The Poor Sequestered Stag': St. Augustine Metaphor in As You Like It"; Elizabeth Freund's "'I See a Voice': The Desire for Representation and the Rape of Voice"; Michael Yogev's "'War and Lechery Confound All': Identity and Agency in Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida"; Ruth Nevo's "Motive and Meaning in All's Well That Ends Well"; Baruch Kurzweill's "The Isolation of the Tragic Protagonist: Tragedy and Richard III"; Oz's "Prophecy as a Cultural Model: The Politics of Tamburlaine and Julius Caesar"; David Hillman's "Hamlet's Entrails"; Yedidia Itzhaki's "Othello and Woyzeck as Tragic Heroes According to Aristotle and Hegel"; Shuli Barzilai's "Coriolanus and the Compulsion to Repeat"; Harai Golomb's "Shakespearean Re-Generations in Hebrew: A Study in Historical Poetics"; and Oz's "Afterword: Strands Afar Remote: A Case/Noncase for National Perspectives on Shakespeare."

Parfenov, Alexandr, and Joseph G. Price, eds. Russian Essays on Shakespeare and His Contemporaries. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include Alexander Anikst's "The Synthesis of Genres in Shakespeare's Plays"; Leonid Pinsky's "The Tragic in Shakespeare's Works"; Yuri C. Levin's "Shakespeare and Russian Literature: Nineteenth-Century Attitudes"; Nina Diakonova's "Three Shakespearean Stories in Nineteenth-Century Russia"; Victoria Beryozkina-Lipina's "Shakespeare and the Advent of Modern Prose"; Alexei Bartoshevitch's "From Tragedy to Grotesque: On the Typology of Contemporary Shakespearean Production"; Alexandr Parfenov's "The Motion in Space and Time: Metamorphoses, Theatricality"; Ilya M. Gililov's "For Whom the Bell Tolled: A New Dating for Shakespearere's 'The Phoenix and the Turtle,' and the Identification of Its Protagonists"; and Svetlana Makurenkova's "Intertextual Correspondences: The Pastoral in Marlowe, Raleigh, Shakespeare, and Donne."

Parlej, Piotr. The Romantic Theory of the Novel: Genre and Reflections in Cervantes, Melville, Flaubert, Joyce, and Kafka. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1997.

Parlej traces the nature and notion of genre in works by Cervantes, Melville, Flaubert, Joyce, and Kafka. In addition to addressing the generic boundaries of Romantic fiction, Parlej assesses genre in terms of involution and mood. Additionally, Parlej devotes particular attention to genre as "example" in Joyce's Ulysses and as "neuter" in Kafka's The Trial.

Peck, Demaree C. The Imaginative Claims of the Artist in Willa Cather's Fiction: "Possession Granted a Different Lease." Cranbury: Associated UP, 1996.

Peck argues that Willa Cather chose to write self-consciously within a male literary tradition, especially an Emersonian literary tradition. Peck devotes particular attention to the psychological underpinnings of Cather's aesthetic. Additionally, Peck demonstrates that Cather's theory of economy and simplicity was motivated by a desire to reorganize the elements of the artistic stage exclusively around her romantic ego, which Cather termed the "inexplicable presence of the thing not named."

Pendleton, Robert. Graham Greene's Conradian Masterplot. London: Macmillan, 1996.

Pendleton explores the manner in which the novels of Graham Greene engage in a lengthy narratological dialogue with political, psychological, and melodramatic fictions of Joseph Conrad. By creating a theoretical model of repression, displacement, and return, Pendleton illustrates the ways in which Conrad influenced Greene's narratives. Pendleton classifies Greene's early works into two meaningful categories, the "entertainments" and the "Catholic novels" of the 1930s and 1940s.

Petrucci, Armando. Writing the Dead: Death and Writing Strategies in the Western Tradition. Trans. Michael Sullivan. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Petrucci poses two principal questions about the narration of death: "When did human beings begin to decide that a certain number of their dead had a right to a 'written death?'" and "What differences have existed in the practice of writing death from age to age and culture to culture?" Drawing from the text of monuments, tombstones, and newspapers, Petrucci discusses the methodologies that human beings have employed in their commemoration of the dead. Additionally, Petrucci argues that the relationship between funereal remains and inscription finds its origins in political and cultural value systems.

Posner, Richard A. Law and Literature. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1998.

Posner explores the appropriation of modes of literary criticism in the analysis of legal texts, as well as in the interpretation of literature about legal matters. Using works by Kafka, Dickens, and Wallace Stevens, Posner discusses the increasing interest in using imaginative literature and its techniques to address issues remote from jurisprudential issues, including natural law and such moral-philosophical subjects as compassion and empathy. Posner also examines the depiction of legal issues in various works of popular fiction.

Prawer, S.S. Breeches and Metaphysics: Thackeray's German Discourse. Oxford: Legenda, 1997.

Prawer explores Thackeray's various observations and presentations of "Germany" and "the Germans" in all of the many genres in which he worked. Prawer surveys Thackeray's contact with the German world, assembling a "German sketch book" in the process and explaining a series of verbal portraits and caricatures in Thackeray's immense literary corpus. Prawer also addresses the German discourse inherent in Thackeray's own drawings, as well as in illustrations by George Cruikshank.

Prescott, Anne Lake. Imagining Rabelais in Renaissance England. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.

Prescott addresses the role of salacious writing and irresponsible whimsy in the work of Francois Rabelais. Prescott devotes particular attention to the ways in which such writers as Philip Sidney, Ben Jonson, John Webster, John Donne, James I, Shakespeare, and Michael Drayton both appreciated and condemned Rabelais's work. Prescott traces the extent to which various Tudor and Stuart writers quoted Rabelais, with special emphasis upon the manner in which they often told funny or scandalous stories about the writer.

Rainsford, Dominic. Authorship, Ethics and the Reader: Blake, Dickens, Joyce. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Rainsford examines the relationship between literature and ethics through close readings of works by Blake, Dickens, and Joyce. Rainsford discusses the ways in which texts appear to comment on their authors' own ethical status. Rainsford argues that these moments function as often problematical disclosures which are significant for readers interested in relating literature to moral issues in extra-literary life.

Ray, Martin. Thomas Hardy: A Textual Study of the Short Stories. Aldeshot: Ashgate, 1997.

Ray addresses Hardy's authorial practices in terms of the writer's 37 short stories. In addition to analyzing the history of each story's composition, Ray discusses Hardy's significant revisions of each work from manuscript through serial publication, galleys, revisions, and collected editions. Ray illuminates Hardy's creative practices, particularly in terms of the manner in which the writer responded to the demands of censorship and bowdlerization.

Rivkin, Julie. False Positions: The Representational Logics of Henry James's Fiction. Stanford: Stanford, 1996.

Rivkin explores the social, political, linguistic, and formal aspects of representation. Using the novels and stories of Henry James, Rivkin assesses the interplay between contradictory notions of representation in James's corpus. Rivkin devotes particular attention to the place of "false position" throughout James's fiction and criticism as a means for commenting upon the inconsistencies, discrepancies, and incompatibilities in all aspects of the writer's work, from narrative strategy to the construction of gender.

Roberts, Neil. Meredith and the Novel. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Roberts discusses the ways in which writers such as Oscar Wilde and Virginia Woolf found their inspiration in the formal iconoclasm, social radicalism, and stylistic diversity of George Meredith's novels. Roberts explores Meredith's works in terms of recent developments in modern literary theory. Drawing upon the dialogic theories of Bakhtin, Roberts examines Meredith's social dialogue in his novels and its impact upon the ideological discourses of the writer's time, particularly in terms of the discourses of gender.

Robertson, Linda K. The Power of Knowledge: George Eliot and Education. New York: Lang, 1997.

Robertson examines the ways in which George Eliot's novels reflect various contemporary concerns regarding education that were of particular interest to readers in Victorian England. Robertson discusses the manner in which Eliot comments in her essays, fiction, and correspondence upon the educational problems that endured throughout the nineteenth century. Robertson reads Eliot's novels in terms of their historical context, as well as in their depiction of the burdens of illiteracy and developments in higher education for women.

Rosenberg, Beth Carole, and Jeanne Dubino, eds. Virginia Woolf and the Essay. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Selections include Jeanne Dubino's "Virginia Woolf: From Book Reviewer to Literary Critic, 1904-1918"; Eleanor McNees's "Colonizing Virginia Woolf: Scrutiny and Contemporary Cultural Views"; Melba Cuddy-Keane's "Virginia Woolf and the Varieties of Historical Experience": Sally Greene's "Entering Woolf's Renaissance Imaginary: A Second Look at The Second Common Reader"; Edward A. Hungerford's "'Deeply and Consciously Affected . . .': Virginia Woolf's Reviews of the Romantic Poets"; Cheryl J. Mares's "'The Burning Ground of the Present': Woolf and Her Contemporaries"; Michael Kaufmann's "A Modernism of One's Own: Virginia Woolf's TLS Reviews and Eliotic Modernism"; Beth Rigel Daugherty's "Readin', Writin', and Revisin': Virginia Woolf's 'How Should One Read a Book?'"; Karen Schiff's "Moments of Reading and Woolf's Literary Criticism"; Anne E. Fernald's "Pleasure and Belief in 'Phases of Fiction'"; Sally A. Jacobsen's "Four Stages in Woolf's Idea of Comedy: A Sense of Joviality and Magnanimity"; George M. Johnson's "A Haunted House: Ghostly Presences in Woolf's Essays and Early Fiction"; Lisa Low's "Refusing to Hit Back: Virginia Woolf and the Impersonality Question"; and Catherine Sandbach-Dahlstrom's "'Que scais-je?': Virginia Woolf and the Essay as Feminist Critique."

Ross, Lawrence J. On Measure For Measure: An Essay in Criticism of Shakespeare's Drama. London: Associated UP, 1997.

Ross discusses Shakespeare's Measure for Measure in regard to its dramatic nature and in terms of recent insights in performance theory and criticism. Ross argues that the play encounters the interconnections between radicalism and humanity, rather than merely offering a character study. Ross investigates such issues as structure, dramaturgy, and methods of representation in his analysis of Measure for Measure.

Rovang, Paul R. Refashioning "Knights and Ladies Gentle Deeds": The Intertextuality of Spenser's Faerie Queene and Malory's Morte Darthur. London: Associated UP, 1996.

Rovang discusses the intertextual relationship between Spenser's Faerie Queene and Malory's Morte Darthur. Drawing upon recent theoretical insights into the nature of intertextuality, Rovang examines how each writer responded to chivalric romance themes, conventions, materials, and narrative structures. Rovang contends that Spenser and Malory's works function as links in a network of texts and other various cultural phenomena relating to chivalry.

Rusinko, Susan, ed. Shaw and Other Matters: A Festschrift for Stanley Weinbtraub on the Occasion of His Forty-Second Anniversary at The Pennsylvania State University. London: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include Rusinko's introduction; Fred D. Crawford's "The Dreaded Weintraub"; Rodelle Weintraub's "'Oh, the Dreaming, the Dreaming': Arms and the Man"; Michel W. Pharand's "Bernard Shaw's Bonaparte: Life Force or Death Wish?"; Kinley Roby's "Arnold Bennett: Shaw's Ten O'Clock Scholar"; Julie Sparks's "The Evolution of Human Virtue: Precedents for Shaw's 'World Betterer' in the Utopias of Bellamy, Morris, and Bulwer-Lytton"; Kay Li's "Heartbreak House and the Trojan War"; Melissa Witte Antinori's "Family Dynamics in George Gissing's Novels"; M.D. Allen's "The Curious Affair of the Lady Venus"; Mike Markel's "Additional Verse by Hilaire Belloc: An Edition"; Milton T. Wolf's "The Golem-Robot Intersection"; John R. Pfeiffer's "Octavia Butler Writes the Bible"; San Rusinko's "Joe Orton's Bookends: Head to Toe and Up Against It"; Tracy Simmons Bitonti's "More Than Noises Off: Marsha Norman's Offstage Characters"; Arthur Nicholas Athanason's "Murder Most Civilized: The Stage Thrillers of Frederick Knott"; Robert C. Doyle's "Memoirs, Fiction, and Paradox: A Reflective Essay on the Memory of War"; and Fred D. Crawford's "Stanley Weintraub: A Select Bibliography."

Russett, Margaret. De Quincey's Romanticism: Canonical Minority and the Forms of Transmission. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Using Thomas DeQuincey's memoirs of Wordsworth and Coleridge, Russett explores the notion of the "minor" author and its relations with the Romantic canon. Russett argues that DeQuincey, neither a canonical figure nor a disenfranchised marginal author, offers a useful case through which to examine the nature of literary canons and authority. Russett also investigates DeQuincey's discourses on ethics and political economy.

Sanchez, Reuben, Jr. Persona and Decorum in Milton's Prose. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Sanchez explores the kinds of persona and decorum strategies employed by Milton in his various prose works. In addition to examining the writer's background, Sanchez surveys the roles of "history" and "biography" in Milton's works, particularly in such subjects as Areopagitica and The Reason of Church Government, among others. Sanchez discusses Milton's prose in terms of the literary emergence of modern notions of selfhood during the writer's era.

Scheese, Don. Nature Writing: The Pastoral Impulse in America. New York: Twayne, 1996.

Scheese explores the pastoral impulse at the heart of nature writing and American literature. Drawing upon a variety of sources from Aristotle and Virgil to Emerson and Thoreau, Scheese addresses the emergence of nature writing as a response to the evolution of the industrial revolution in nineteenth-century America. Scheese affords particular attention to a number of twentieth-century nature writers, including Aldo Leopold, Edward Abbey, and Annie Dillard, among others.

Schwarz, Daniel R. Reconfiguring Modernism: Explorations in the Relationship Between Modern Art and Modern Literature. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Schwarz addresses the artistic essence of modernism in works by Gauguin, Conrad, Manet, Eliot, Picasso, Stevens, and Joyce, among other writers and artists. In addition to focusing on the high modernist period from 1890 to 1940, Schwarz discusses the ways in which we read paintings as narratives. Schwarz juxtaposes works of art and literature and explores the influence of African, Asian, and Pacific cultures upon European modernism.

Sidnell, Michael J. Yeats's Poetry and Poetics. London: Macmillan, 1996.

Selections include "'Marbles of the Dancing Floor': Image, Symbol, and Dancer"; "'Written Speech': Writing, Hearing, and Performance"; "Joyce and Yeats: A Daintical Pair of Accomplasses"; "'Tara Uprooted': In the Seven Woods in Relation to Modernism"; "Yeats, Synge, and the Georgians"; "The Presence of the Poet: or, What Sat Down at the Breakfast Table"; "Mr. Yeats, Michael Robartes, and Their Circle"; "First Work for the Stage: Earliest Versions of The Countess Kathleen"; and "The Allegory of The Wanderings of Oisin."

Simons, Judy, ed. Mansfield Park and Persuasion. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Selections include Simons's introduction; Marilyn Butler's "Mansfield Park: Ideology and Execution"; D. A. Miller's "Good Riddance: Closure in Mansfield Park"; Nina Auerbach's "Jane Austen's Dangerous Charm"; Ruth Bernard Yeazell's "The Boundaries of Mansfield Park"; Mary Poovey's "The True English Style"; Edward Said's "Jane Austen and Empire"; Julia Prewitt Brown's "The Radical Pessimism of Persuasion"; Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar's "Jane Austen's Cover Story"; Claudia Johnson's "Persuasion: The 'Unfeudal' Tone of the Present Day"; Laura G. Mooneyham's "Loss and the Language of Restitution in Persuasion"; John Wiltshire's "Persuasion: The Pathology of Everyday Life"; and Cheryl Ann Weissman's "Doubleness and Refrain in Jane Austen's Persuasion."

Skerl, Jennie, ed. A Tawdry Place of Salvation: The Art of Jane Bowles. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1997.

Selections include Skerl's "Sallies into the Outside World: A Literary History of Jane Bowles"; Carolyn J. Allen's "The Narrative Erotics of Two Serious Ladies"; Stephen Benz's "'The Americans Stick Pretty Much in Their Own Quarter': Jane Bowles and Central America"; Peter G. Christensen's "Family Dynamics in Jane Bowles's In the Summer House"; Charlotte Goodman's "Mommy Dearest: Mothers and Daughters in Jane Bowles's In the Summer House and Other Plays by Contemporary Women Writers"; Regina Weinreich's "Sister Act: A Reading of Jane Bowles's Puppet Play"; John Maier's "Jane Bowles and the Semi-Oriental Woman"; Carol Schloss's "Jane Bowles in Uninhabitable Places: Writing on Cultural Boundaries"; Robert E. Lougy's "'Some Fun in the Mud': Decrepitude and Salvation in the World of Jane Bowles"; Gena Dagel Caponi's "The Unfinished Jane Bowles"; and Allen E. Hibbard's "Toward a Postmodern Aesthetic: Indeterminacy, Instability, and Inconclusiveness in Out in the World."

Smith, Grover. T. S. Eliot and the Use of Memory. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1996.

Smith examines the concept of memory and its depiction in the poems and plays of T. S. Eliot. In addition to commenting upon the verbal sources and stylistic borrowings in Eliot's corpus, Smith discusses the influence of Poe, Shakespeare, Goethe, and Freud upon the writer's aesthetic. Smith also explores Eliot's dedication to diverse literary and cultural traditions as both a practical and moral imperative.

Smith, Paul, ed. New Essays on Hemingway's Short Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Smith's "Introduction: Hemingway and the Practical Reader"; Nancy R. Comley and Robert Scholes's "Reading 'Up in Michigan'"; James Phelan's "'Now I Lay Me': Nick's Strange Monologue, Hemingway's Powerful Lyric, and the Reader's Disconcerting Experience"; Susan F. Beegel's "Second Growth: The Ecology of Loss in 'Fathers and Sons'"; and Debra A. Moddelmog's "Re-Placing Africa in 'The Snows of Kilimanjaro': The Intersecting Economies of Capitalist-Imperialism and Hemingway Biography."

Thompson, Andrew. George Eliot and Italy: Literary, Cultural, and Political Influences from Dante to the Risorgimento. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Selections include "Dante, the Risorgimento, and the British: The Italian Background"; "George Eliot's Contact with Italian Life and Culture, 1840-1861"; "Eliot's Italian Exile in 'Mr. Gilfil's Love Story' (Scenes of Clerical Life)"; "Italian Mythmaking in Romola"; "Dante in Romola"; "Dante and Moral Choice in Felix Holt, The Radical"; "Italian Culture and Influences in Middlemarch"; "Gwendolen's 'Other Road': Dante in Daniel Deronda"; "Italian Poetry and Music in Daniel Deronda"; "Italian Poetry and Music in Daniel Deronda"; and "Daniel Deronda, Italian Prophecy, Dante, and George Eliot."

Timmerman, John H. T. S. Eliot's Ariel Poems: The Poetics of Recovery. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1994.

Timmerman argues that T. S. Eliot's Ariel poems function as a transition from The Waste Land to his dramatic writings and Four Quartets. In addition to examining thematic and stylistic developments in Eliot's poetry during the late 1920s, Timmerman contends that the Ariel poems represent Eliot's search for new narrative forms. Timmerman maintains that the Ariel poems embody Eliot's desire to refine and adapt his poetry as a means for expressing his religious sensibility.

Travis, Molly Abel. Reading Cultures: The Construction of Readers in the Twentieth Century. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1998.

Travis attempts to examine changes in the literary reader's role over the course of the twentieth century through readings of a variety of modernist and postmodernist texts. Travis argues that informatics/cybernetics has reconfigured the democratic and technological interconnections inherent in contemporary literary narratives. Travis supplements her readings of various texts with a useful appendix, "A Reader's Guide to Ulysses."

Tsuchiya, Kiyoshi, ed. Dissent and Marginality: Essays on the Borders of Literature and Religion. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Selections include Jan William Tarlin's "Figuring Trouble: Elijah's Marginality and an Interpreter's Dilemma"; David A. Hart's "The Kierkegaard Brothers: Contrary Responses to Ecclesial Teaching and Authority"; Jacques Tual's "Friends on the Fringe: A Further Assessment of Nude Prophesying in Early Quakerism"; Thomas J. J. Altizer's "The Apocalypse of the Spirit"; Susan G. Cumings's "'Outing' the Hidden Other: Stranger-Women in the Work of Toni Morrison"; Stephen Happel's "Double Marginality and Compassion: Literary Response to AIDS and the Name of Love"; Elisabeth Jay's "'When Egypt's slain, I say, let Miriam sing!': Women, Dissent and Marginality"; Conrad Ostwalt's "Boundaries and Marginality in Willa Cather's Frontier Fiction"; Mark Ledbetter's "Centre Shouts and Peripheral Echoes: Reading Literature for Voices of Choice and Change"; D.C. Teel's "Excessive Children: Textual Filiation and the Command of the Other"; J. Stephen Fountain's "'A Tree, of Mary, One': The Child on the Margins of Byatt's Gardens"; and Ihab Hassan's "Travel as Metaphor: Unmargined Realities."

Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1997.

Vendler provides detailed commentaries of Shakespeare's 154 sonnets. In addition to revealing imaginative and stylistic features of the poems, Vendler examines the ways in which parts of the sonnets function in concert in order to create a dynamic emotional and stylistic effect. Vendler's commentaries offer a larger portrait of Shakespeare as a working poet with an ironic capacity and stunning literary technique.

Wade, Stephen. The Imagination in Transit: The Fiction of Philip Roth. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1996.

Wade explores the Philip Roth's development as an artist, particularly in terms of his realistic approach to fiction and his occasionally experimental works. In addition to relating Roth's works to American Jewish literary traditions and styles, Wade examines various sources and influences on Roth's work, from Dostoevsky to Kafka. Wade also addresses Roth's work in terms of the quality and subject matter of the contemporary American literary scene.

Warner, Nicholas O. Spirits of America: Intoxication in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1997.

Warner examines the nature of intoxication as represented in various works of nineteenth-century American literature. Using such figures as Emerson, Dickinson, Poe, Cooper, Hawthorne, and Melville, among others, Warner explores the social and literary discourses of intoxication. Warner investigates such subjects as alcoholism, drunkenness, "normal" drinking, drug addiction, and intoxicant choice.

Waters, Catherine. Dickens and the Politics of the Family. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Waters investigates Dickens's fictional representation of the family in relation to nineteenth-century constructions of class and gender. Drawing upon feminist and new historical interpretive methodologies, Waters focuses upon the normalizing function of middle-class domestic ideology in Dickens's fictions. Waters argues that Dickens's novels record a shift in conceptions of the family from an earlier stress upon the importance of lineage towards a new ideal of domesticity.

Waxman, Barbara Frey. To Live in the Center of the Moment: Literary Autobiographies of Aging. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1997.

Waxman examines the emergence of self-help literature, particularly volumes that consider the aging experience. Using texts by Madeleine L'Engle, Philip Roth, and Audre Lorde, among others, Waxman explores the ways in which autobiographies about aging challenge negative cultural associations with old age. Waxman focuses in particular upon narratives that discuss the aging subject's cultural and social definition of self.

Weaver, Jack W. Joyce's Music and Noise: Theme and Variation in His Writings. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1998.

Weaver expands the perimeters of musical scholarship to examine the musicality of Joyce's writings in terms of their structure and verbiage. Weaver argues that such musical techniques permeate Joyce's corpus, especially in terms of allusions to specific musical works. Using a variety of literary and musical theorists, Weaver argues that music functions as the origins of Joyce's verbal and literary virtuosity.

Westfahl, Gary, George Slusser, and Eric S. Rabkin, eds. Foods of the Gods: Eating and the Eaten in Fantasy and Science Fiction. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1996.

Selections include Slusser's introduction, "Of Food, Gods, and Men: The Theory and Practice of Science Fictional Eating"; Rabkin's "Eat and Grow Strong: The Super-Natural Power of Forbidden Fruit"; Wayne Allen's "Shamanic Manipulation of Conspecifics: An Analysis of the Prehistory and Ethnohistory of Hallucinogens and Psychological Legerdemain"; Slusser's "The Solitary Eater in Science Fiction and Horror"; Andrew Gordon's "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom: Bad Medicine"; Stephanie Hammer's "Watching the Forbidden Feast: Monstrous Appetites, Secret Meals, and Spectatorial Pleasures in Cocteau, Rice, and Butler"; Susan J. Navarette's "The Fine Reality of Hunger Satisfied: Food and Desire in C. S. Lewis's Perelandra"; Jonathan Langford's "Sitting Down to the Sacramental Feast: Food and Cultural Diversity in The Lord of the Rings"; Paul Alkon's "Cannibalism in Science Fiction"; Sharon Delmendo's "Consuming Horror: Richard Bachman's Thinner, Stephen King's Dark Half, or, Just Desserts"; Petter Fitting's "Eating Your Way to the Top: Social Darwinism in SF"; Brett Cooke's "Utopia and the Art of the Visceral Response"; Frank McConnell's "Alimentary, My Dear Watson: Food and Eating in Scientific and Mystery Fiction"; Westfahl's "For Tomorrow We Dine: The Sad Gourmet at the Scienticafe"; and Brooks Landon's "Ain't No Fiber in Cyberspace: A Metonymic Menu for a Paratactic Potpourri."

Williams, Trevor L. Reading Joyce Politically. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1997. Williams offers a Marxist reading of the works of James Joyce, particularly in terms of the power structures that mark the setting and characterization schemes inherent in his narratives. Williams argues that these power structures exist in the civil society and private relationships that characterize such works as Dubliners and Ulysses. Using the theoretical insights of such figures as Fredric Jameson, Franco Moretti, and Terry Eagleton, Williams contends that Joyce's works argue for a resistance to the class distinctions and clerical hegemony of the British state.

Wind, Barry. A Foul and Pestilent Congregation: Images of "Freaks" in Baroque Art. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.

Wind investigates depictions of human oddity, hunchbacks, cripples, and dwarfs in artistic works by such figures as Rubens, Van Dyck, and Ribera. Wind argues that these awkward forms provided seventeenth-century writers with means for representing the era's underpinnings of repulsion, fascination, mockery, and dread. Wind traces their emergence and development throughout the Baroque period as metaphors for the mentally and physically infirm.

Witkin, Robert. Adorno on Music. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Witkin examines the theoretical insights of Theodor Adorno in regard to the writer's interest in music. Using a sociological perspective, Witkin explores Adorno's ideas about the interconnections between music and morality, as well as between musical works and social structure. Witkin also features chapters that analyze Adorno's commentaries on such figures as Beethoven, Wagner, Schoenberg, Stravinsky, and Mahler, among others.

Worthen, William B. Shakespeare and the Authority of Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Worthen explores the manner in which our ideas about Shakespeare inform our understanding regarding the limits of performance. In addition to reflecting upon the ways in which text and performance function as vessels of authority, Worthen discusses the relationship between dramatic texts and stage performances. Worthen devotes particular attention to the activities that account for this complex relationship, including directing, acting, and scholarship.

Zatlin, Linda Gertner. Beardsley Japonisme and the Perversion of the Victorian Ideal Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Zatlin traces the influence of Japanese art upon the work of Aubrey Beardsley. In addition to contextualizing Japanese woodblock prints in the English and French cultural milieu of the latter third of the Victorian era, Zatlin discusses Beardsley's technical and thematic adaptations of Japanese art. Zatlin identifies the tensions between the concepts of vice and virtue inherent in Beardsley's texts.

(5) Feminist and Gender Studies

Anderlini-D'Onofrio, Serena. The "Weak" Subject: On Modernity, Eros, and Women's Playwriting. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Anderlini-D'Onofrio explores the works of twentieth-century women playwrights in terms of recent feminist notions of realism and mimesis. In addition to proposing new readings of plays by such figures as Tina Chanter, Laura Doan, and Terry Castle, Anderlini-D'Onofrio considers the "labial mimesis" inherent in the arguments of Luce Irigaray. Anderlini-D'Onofrio argues that this dramatic structure finds its origins in the representation of trust, love, friendship, and erotic intimacy among women in selected plays by contemporary women.

Boone, Joseph Allen. Libidinal Currents: Sexuality and the Shaping of Modernism. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Boone argues that modern fiction, with its strong currents of sexuality, creates a poetics of the perverse with the power to influence modern and contemporary spheres of thought. In addition to challenging prevailing theories regarding modernism and sexuality, Boone constructs a model for interpreting sexuality that ranges from Freud's theory of the libidinal instincts to Foucault's theory of sexual discourse.

Bradley, Anthony, and Maryann Gialanella Valiulis, eds. Gender and Sexuality in Modern Ireland. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1997.

Selections include Bradley and Valiulis's introduction; Adrian Frazier's "Queering the Irish Renaissance: The Masculinities of Moore, Martyn, and Yeats"; Antoinette Quinn's "Cathleen ni Houlihan Writes Back: Maud Gone and Irish National Theater"; Margaret Ward's "Nationalism, Pacifism, Internationalism: Louie Bennett, Hanna Sheedy-Skeffington, and the Problems of 'Defining Feminism'"; Maureen Murphy's "The Fionnuala Factor: Irish Sibling Emigration at the Turn of the Century"; Mary E. Daly's "'Oh, Kathleen Ni Houlihan, Your Way's a Thorny Way!': The Condition of Women in Twentieth-Century Ireland"; Lucy McDirmid's "The Posthumous Life of Rogert Casement"; Elizabeth Butler Cullingford's "Gender, Sexuality, and Englishness in Modern Irish Drama and Film"; Dillon Johnston's "'Our Bodies' Eyes and Writing Hands': Secrecy and Sensuality in Nf Chuilleanain's Baroque Art"; Guinn Batten's "'The More with Which We Are Connected': The Muse of the Minus in the Poetry of McGuckian and Kinsella"; Margaret MacCurtain's "Godly Burden: The Catholic Sisterhoods in Twentieth-Century Ireland"; Catherine B. Shannon's "The Changing Face of Cathleen ni Houlihan: Women and Politics in Ireland, 1960-1966"; Carol Coulter's "'Hello Divorce, Goode Daddy': Women, Gender, and the Divorce Debate"; and Angela Bourke's "Language, Stories, Healing."

Bravmann, Scott. Queer Fictions of the Past: History, Culture, and Difference. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Bravmann discusses the complexity of lesbian and gay engagement with history and examines the ways in which historical discourses animate the present. In addition to characterizing historical representations as dynamic conversations between eras, Bravmann investigates their role in creating identities, differences, politics, and communities in the present. Bravmann argues that historiography, ancient Greek history, and postmodern historical texts simultaneously inform and reflect the aspects of race, gender, class, and politics inherent in queer subjectivity.

Bristow, Joseph, ed. Victorian Women Poets: Emily Bronte, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti. London: Macmillan, 1995.

Selections include Bristow's introduction; Isobel Armstrong's "'A Music of Thine Own': Women's Poetry"; Dorothy Mermin's "The Damsel, the Knight, and the Victorian Woman Poet"; Margaret Homans's "Emily Bronte", Deirdre David's "'Art's A Service': Social Wound, Sexual Politics, and Aurora Leigh"; Sandra M. Gilbert's "From Patricia to Matria: Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Risorgimento"; Jerome J. McGann's "The Religious Poetry of Christina Rossetti"; Elizabeth K. Helsinger's "Consumer Power and the Utopia of Desire: Christina Rossetti's 'Goblin Market'"; and Angela Leighton's "'Because Men Made the Laws': The Fallen Woman and the Woman Poet."

-----, and Trev Lynn Broughton, eds. The Infernal Desires of Angela Carter: Fiction, Femininity, Feminism. New York: Longman, 1997.

Selections include Bristow and Broughton's "Introduction"; Paulina Palmer's "Gender as Performance in the Fiction of Angela Carter and Margaret Atwood"; Christina Britzolakis's "Angela Carter's Fetishism"; Clare Hanson's "'The red dawn breaking over Clapham': Carter and the Limits of Artifice"; Elisabeth Mahoney's "'But elsewhere?': The Future of Fantasy in Heroes and Villains"; Lucie Armitt's "The Fragile Frames of The Bloody Chamber"; Sarah Sceats's "The Infernal Appetites of Angela Carter"; Gina Wisker's "Revenge of the Living Doll: Angela Carter's Horror Writing"; Sally Keenan's "Angela Carter's The Sadeian Woman: Feminism as Treason"; Merja Makinen's "Sexual and Textual Aggression in The Sadeian Woman and The Passion of the New Eve"; Heather L. Johnson's "Unexpected Geometries: Transgressive Symbolism and the Transsexual Subject in Angela Carter's The Passion of New Eve"; Paul Magrs's "Boys Keep Swinging: Angela Carter and the Subject of Men"; Sarah Bannock's "Auto/biographical Souvenirs in Nights at the Circus"; and Elaine Jordan's Afterword.

Cameron, Deborah, ed. The Feminist Critique of Language: A Reader. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Selections include Cameron's "Introduction: Why Is Language a Feminist Issue?"; Felly Nkweto Simmonds's "Naming and Identity"; Trinh T. Minh-ha's "Difference: 'A Special Third World Women's Issue'"; Virginia Woolf's "Women and Fiction"; Cora Kaplan's "Language and Gender"; Sara Mills's "The Gendered Sentence"; Dale Spender's "Extracts From Man Made Language"; Maria Black and Rosalind Coward's "Linguistic, Social and Sexual Relations: a Review of Dale Spender's Man Made Language"; Luce Irigaray's "Linguistic Sexes and Genders," trans. Alison Martin; Ann Bodine's "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular 'They,' Sex-Indefinite 'He', and 'He or She'"; Douglas Hofstadter's "A Person Paper on Purity in Language"; Margaret Doyle's "Introduction to The A-Z of Non-Sexist Language"; Deborah Cameron's "Lost in Translation: Non-Sexist Language"; Susan Ehrlich and Ruth King's "Gender-based Language Reform and the Social Construction of Meaning"; Kate Clark's "The Linguistics of Blame: Representations of Women in the Sun's Reporting of Crimes of Sexual Violence"; Sally McConnell-Ginet's "The Sexual (Re)Production of Meaning: A Discourse-based Approach"; Otto Jespersen's "The Woman"; an excerpt from Robin Lakoff's Language and Woman's Place; Pamela Fishman's "Conversational Insecurity"; Deborah Tannen's "The Relativity of Linguistic Strategies: Rethinking Power and Solidarity in Gender and Dominance"; Aki Uchida's "When 'Difference' is 'Dominance': A Critique of the 'Anti-Power-based' Cultural Approach to Sex Differences"; Jennifer Coates's "' Thank God I'm a Woman': The Construction of Differing Femininities"; and Kira Hall's "Lip Service on the Fantasy Lines."

Casey, Janet Galligani. Dos Passos and the Ideology of the Feminine. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Using a cultural studies approach, Casey examines Dos Passos's representations and theorizations of gender in his fictions of the 1920s and 1930s. Casey demonstrates the ways in which Dos Passos's novels consistently challenge prevailing notions of masculinity and femininity. Casey additionally explores the pressures that shaped Dos Passos's latter twentieth-century reputation, arguing that the writer's radicalism was muted by a rhetorically masculinized cultural agenda.

Chedgzoy, Kate, Melanie Hansen, and Suzanne Trill, eds. Voicing Women: Gender and Sexuality in Early Modern Writing. Pittsburgh: Duquesne UP, 1997.

Selections include Chedgzoy's "Introduction: 'Voice That is Mine'"; Hansen's "The Word and the Throne: John Knox's The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women"; Trill's "Engendering Penitence: Nicholas Breton and 'the Countesse of Penbrooke'"; Jacqueline Pearson's "Women Writers and Women Readers: The Case of Aemilia Lanier"; Stephanie Wright's "The Canonization of Elizabeth Cary"; Katharine Hodgkin's "Dionys Fitzherbert and the Anatomy of Madness"; Helen Hackett's "The Torture of Limena: Sex and Violence in Lady Mary Wroth's Urania"; Danielle Clarke's "The Iconography of the Blush: Marian Literature of the 1630s"; Bronwen Price's "Playing the 'Masculine Part': Finding a Difference within Behn's Poetry"; Susan Wiseman's "Read Within: Gender, Cultural Difference and Quaker Women's Travel Narratives"; Tamsin Spargo's "Contra-dictions: Women as Figures of Exclusion and Resistance in John Bunyan and Agnes Beaumont's Narratives"; and Maureen Bell's "Seditious Sisterhood: Women Publishers of Opposition Literature at the Restoration."

Cox, Catherine S. Gender and Language in Chaucer. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1997.

Cox discusses the significance of gender in relation to language and poetics in Chaucer's writing. Drawing upon selections from The Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde, and various ballads, Cox examines Chaucer's concern with gender and language both within the context of fourteenth-century culture and in the light of contemporary feminist and post-structuralist theory. Cox contends that Chaucer's attention to gender and language exposes the contradictory notions of woman in medieval culture.

Curti, Lidia. Female Stories, Female Bodies: Narrative, Identity, and Representation. New York: New York UP, 1998.

Curti explores women's narratives from a feminist perspective and discusses such themes as hybridity, monstrosity, the male and female gaze, melancholia, desire, and paranoia. Using texts by such figures as Angela Carter, Toni Morrison, Jeanette Winterson, and Jane Bowles, Curti searches for the notions of time and space that narrative occupies in the lives of women. Curti devotes particular attention to notions of female identity and the study of mimetic structures in her analysis of the textual nuances of female narratives.

Dar, Barbara. Frances Burney, Dramatist: Gender, Performance, and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Stage. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1997.

Dar addresses the Frances Burney's career as playwright, particularly in terms of the writer's interest in narrating gender issues in her late-eighteenth-century plays. Dar argues that Burney self-consciously chose to expose the failure of a variety of social practices during her day, including such institutions as courtship, marriage, family, government, and the church. Additionally, Dar investigates Burney's use of stage space, dialogue, blocking, and gesture in her plays.

Donawerth, Jane. Frankenstein's Daughters: Women Writing Science Fiction. New York: Syracuse UP, 1997.

Donawerth examines Mary Shelley's prodigious influence upon the literature of the nineteenth century and beyond. Using a variety of classic and contemporary texts, Donawerth discusses the evolution and history of women's science fiction. Donawerth devotes particular attention to such issues as utopian science, alien monster-women, and cross dressing male narrators in her study.

Ford, Karen Jackson. Gender and the Poetics of Excess: Moments of Brocade. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1997.

Ford contends that a variety of significant female poets employ poetic excess as a strategy for escaping the inhibiting often restrictive conventions exerted upon women writers. Ford argues that literary decorum functions as one such strategy. Drawing upon a wide range of poets from Emily Dickinson and Gertrude Stein through Sylvia Plath, Jayne Cortez, and Ntozake Shange, Ford explores the ways in which each writer chose to reject limitations on female writing by developing radical new poetic strategies and resisting conventional verse configurations.

Friedman, Susan Stanford. Mappings: Feminism and the Cultural Geographies of Encounter. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Friedman employs the insights of contemporary cultural theory from global and transnational studies, anthropology, and geography to investigate modes of thought that exaggerate the boundaries of gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, class, and national origin. Friedman advocates a transnational and heterogeneous feminism, arguing that it can replace the proliferation of feminisms based on difference. Friedman also discusses the ways in which stories and cultural narratives serve as primary modes of thinking about the questions of identity.

Garelick, Rhonda K. Rising Star: Dandyism, Gender, and Performance in the Fin de Siecle. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Using the lives and works of such figures as Beau Brummell, Baudelaire, Mallarme, and Oscar Wilde, Garelick locates a prototype of today's celebrity personality in the dandies and aesthete literary figures of the nineteenth century. Garelick argues that when these fin-de-siecle aesthetes encountered a new, "feminized" spectacle of mass culture they discovered a disturbing female counterpart to their own highly staged personalities. Additionally, Garelick investigates the concept of the broadcasted self-image in literary works as well as in such unwritten cultural texts as the choreography and films of dancer Loie Fuller, the industrialized spectacles of European World Fairs, and contemporary cultural performances in fields ranging from entertainment to the academy.

Gilbert, Pamela K. Disease, Desire and the Body in Victorian Women's Popular Novels. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Gilbert examines the manner in which popular fiction during the Victorian era was often regarded as both feminine and diseased. Gilbert affords particular attention to the critical literature of the day, which equated fictions about the body and disease with eating, contagion, and sex. Drawing upon works by M. E. Braddon, Rhoda Broughton, and Ouida, Gilbert reads this Victorian phenomenon within an historical, cultural, and feminist context.

Gleckner, Robert F. Gray Agonistes: Thomas Gray and Masculine Friendship. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.

Gleckner addresses the place of masculine friendship in the life and work of Thomas Gray. In addition to exploring the poet's friendship with Richard West, Gleckner discusses the influence of Milton upon Gray's aesthetic. Gleckner affords particular attention to assessing the significance of Gray's sexual relationships with West, Horace Walpole, and Thomas Ashton for his poetry.

Goldman, Jane. The Feminist Aesthetics of Virginia Woolf: Modernism, Post-Impressionism, and the Politics of the Visual. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Goldman offers a revisionary feminist reading of Woolf's modernist prose. Goldman devotes particular attention to Woolf's intense engagement with the artistic theories of her time, emphasizing the writer's fascination with the post-impressionist exhibition of 1910 and the solar eclipse of 1927. Goldman contends that Woolf developed a form of "feminist prismatics" through which she expressed the challenges and pessimism inherent in her feminist vision.

Harman, Barbara Leah. The Feminine Political Novel in Victorian England. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1998.

Harman examines the narrative dimensions of the feminine political novel. In addition to studying Victorian female protagonists who live and work in the conventional world of men, Harman explores the Victorian public realm in various fictions as the site of noble and meaningful action for women in nineteenth-century England. Using texts by Elizabeth Gaskell, George Meredith, George Gissing, and Elizabeth Robbins, among others, Harman addresses the nature and development of an emerging Victorian women's movement.

Harris, Jonathan Gil. Foreign Bodies and the Body Politic: Discourses of Social Pathology in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Harris discusses the origins of modern discourses of social pathology in Elizabethan and Jacobean medical and political writing. Drawing upon various plays, pamphlets, and political treatises published during the early modern era, Harris demonstrates the xenophobia inherent in Elizabethan and Jacobean texts. Allegedly "poisonous" and toxic, such groups - including Jews, Catholics, and witches - served as means, according to Harris, of challenging the domestic origins of social conflict and the operations of political authority during that period.

Hogan, Anne, and Andrew Bradstock, eds. Women of Faith in Victorian Culture: Reassessing the Angel in the House. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Selections include Mary Grey's preface; Hogan and Bradstock's introduction; Henrietta Twycross-Martin's "The Drunkard, the Brute and the Paterfamilias: The Temperance Fiction of the Early Victorian Writer Sarah Stickney Ellis"; Siv Jansson's "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall: Rejecting the Angel's Influence"; Peter Merchant's "Double Blessedness: Anna Kingsford and Beatrice"; Frederick S. Roden's "Sisterhood is Powerful: Christina Rossetti's Maude"; Joss West-Burnham's "Fedalma - 'The Angel of a Homeless Tribe: Issues of Religion, Race, and Gender in George Eliot's Poetic Drama, The Spanish Gypsy"; Hogan's "Angel or Eve?: Victorian Catholicism and the Angel in the House"; Terry Phillips's "From Hearth to Heath: Angelic Transformations in May Sinclair's Major Novels"; William Gray's "The Angel in the House of Death: Gender and Subjectivity in George MacDonald's Lilith"; J.R. Watson's "Quiet Angels: Some Women Hymn-writers"; Linda Wilson's "Nonconformist Obituaries: How Stereotyped was their View of Women?"; Carol Marie Engelhardt's "The Paradigmatic Angel in the House: The Virgin Mary and Victorian Anglicans"; Sean Gill's "Heroines of Missionary Adventure: The Portrayal of Victorian Women Missionaries in Popular Fiction and Biography"; Susan P. Casteras's "The Victorian Lady's Domestic Threat: The Good, the Bad and the Indifferent Female Adversary in Contemporary Art"; and Sue Morgan's "The Power of Womanhood: Religion and Sexual Politics in the Writings of Ellice Hopkins."

Horan, Patrick M. The Importance of Being Paradoxical: Maternal Presence in the Works of Oscar Wilde. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Horan addresses the role of Oscar Wilde's mother in the evolution of his literary personality and his writing experiences. In addition to offering a biographical analysis of Wilde and his mother, Jane "Speranza" Wilde, Horan demonstrates the ways in which they were paradoxically rebellious and conventional. Horan also discusses their often contradictory views of such issues as nationalism, feminism, love, motherhood, and imprisonment.

Huffer, Lynne. Maternal Pasts, Feminist Futures: Nostalgia, Ethics, and the Question of Difference. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Huffer discusses the interconnections between nostalgia, gender, and foundational philosophies through an analysis of the lost mother and sexual difference in a variety of literary works. Drawing upon the theoretical insights of such figures as J. L. Austin, Judith Butler, and Luce Irigaray, Huffer examines several paradigms of nostalgia from literary, psychoanalytic, epistemological, ontological, and sociopolitical perspectives. Huffer problematizes postmodernism, particularly performance theory, as a theoretical apparatus that claims to subvert systems of meaning.

Ingrassia, Catherine. Authorship, Commerce, and Gender in Early Eighteenth. Century England: A Culture of Paper Credit. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Ingrassia argues that speculative investment and the popular novel can be seen as analogous in the early eighteenth century, especially in regard to the roles of women in commerce and authorship. Using works by such figures as Eliza Haywood, Alexander Pope, and Samuel Richardson, among a host of others, Ingrassia demonstrates the ways in which new financial and fictional models assisted women in enhancing their social, sexual, and economic interaction. Ingrassia also explores the cultural resistance in early eighteenth-century England that resulted in the "feminization" of women writers during that era.

Inness, Sherrie A., and Diana Royer, eds. Breaking Boundaries: New Perspectives on Women's Regional Writing. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1997.

Selections include Inness and Royer's introduction; Marjorie Pryse's "Origins of American Literary Regionalism: Gender in Irving, Stowe, and Longstreet"; Judith Fetterley's "Theorizing Regionalism: Celia Thaxter's Among the Isles of Shoals"; Lori Robison's "'Why, Why Do We Not Write Our Side?': Gender and Southern Self-Representation in Grace King's Balcony Stories"; Francesca Sawaya's "Emplotting National History: Regionalism and Pauline Hopkins's Contending Forces"; Cynthia J. Davis's "Making the Strange(r) Familiar: Sarah Orne Jewett's 'The Foreigner'"; D. K. Meisenheimer, Jr.'s "Regionalist Bodies/Embodied Regions: Sarah Orne Jewett and Zitkala-Sa"; Noreen Groover Lape's "'There Was a Part for Her in the Indian Life': Mary Austin, Regionalism, and the Problems of Appropriation"; Julia Mickenberg's "Writing the Midwest: Meridel Le Sueur and the Making of a Radical Regional Tradition"; Barbara Ryan's "'Wherever I am Living': The 'Lady of the Limberlost' Resituates"; Becky Jo Gesteland McShane's "In Pursuit of Regional and Cultural Identity: The Autobiographies of Agnes Morley Cleaveland and Fabiola Cabeza de Baca"; Patricia M. Gantt's "'A Mutual Journey': Wilam Dykeman and Appalachia Regionalism"; Krista Comer's "Sidestepping Environmental Justice: 'Natural' Landscapes and the Wilderness Plot"; and John T. Price's "Not Just Any Land: Linda Hasselstrom at Home on the American Grasslands."

Johnson, Barbara. The Feminist Difference: Literature, Psychoanalysis, Race, and Gender. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1998.

Selections include "Is Female to Male as Ground Is to Figure?"; "The Quicksands of the Self: Nella Larsen and Heinz Kohut"; "The Re(a)d and the Black: Richard Wright's Blueprint"; "'Aesthetic' and 'Rapport' in Toni Morrison's Sula"; "Euphemism, Understatement, and the Passive Voice: Genealogy of African-American Poetry"; "Gender and Poetry: Charles Baudelaire and Marceline Desbordes-Valmore"; "Muteness Envy"; "Lesbian Spectacles: Reading Sula, Passing, Thelma and Louise, and The Accused"; "The Alchemy of Style and Law"; and "The Postmodern in Feminism: A Response to Mary Joe Frug."

Johnston, Judith. Anna Jameson: Victorian, Feminist, Woman of Letters. Aldershot Hants: Scolar, 1997.

Johnston traces the development of Anna Brownell Jameson's various forays into biography, history, Shakespearean criticism, travel writing, art criticism, and women's studies. In addition to examining Jameson's employment of various modes of discourse, Johnston discusses the writer's exploration the nature of womanhood. Johnston devotes particular attention to the feminist polemic inherent in Jameson's writings, while also investigating her significance in terms of women's studies, cultural studies, and media studies.

Jones, Kathleen. A Passionate Sisterhood: The Sisters, Wives and Daughters of the Lake Poets. London: Constable, 1997.

Drawing upon previously unpublished correspondence, Jones focuses on the sisters, wives, and daughters of the Lake Poets. Jones devotes special attention to Dorothy Wordsworth's consuming love for her brother, Sarah Coleridge's abandonment by her husband, and Dora Wordsworth's confrontations with the "legacy of genius."

Kemp, Sandra, and Judith Squires, eds. Feminisms. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Selections include Mary Evans's "In Praise of Theory: The Case for Women's Studies"; bell hooks's "Feminism: A Movement to End Sexist Oppression"; Teresa De Lauretis's "Aesthetic and Feminist Theory: Rethinking Women's Cinema"; Cora Kaplan's "Speaking/Writing/Feminism"; Jane Tompkins's "Me and My Shadow"; Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's "French Feminism in an International Frame"; Helena Michie's "Not One of the Family: The Repression of the Other Woman in Feminist Theory"; Elaine Showalter's "A Criticism of Our Own: Autonomy and Assimilation in Afro-American and Feminist Literary Theory"; Barbara Christian's "The Race for Theory"; Alice Jardine's "Notes for an Analysis"; Barbara Smith's "The Truth that Never Hurts: Black Lesbians in Fiction in the 1980s"; Chandra Talpade Mohanty's "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses"; Anne Phillips's "Paradoxes of Participation"; Nancy Miller's "Feminist Confessions: The Last Degrees are the Hardest"; Susannah Radstone's "Postcard from the Edge: Thoughts on the 'Feminist Theory: An International Debate' Conference held at Glasgow University, Scotland, 12-15 July 1991"; Jane Gallop's "Around 1981: Academic Feminist Literary Theory"; Michele Barrett's "Words and Things: Materialism and Method in Contemporary Feminist Analysis"; Naomi Scheman's "Changing the Subject"; Elspeth Pron's "Materializing Locations: Images and Selves"; Anna Yeatman's "The Place of Women's Studies in the Contemporary University"; Carol Gilligan's "In a Different Voice"; Nancy Hartsock's "The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism"; Sandra Harding's "Is There a Feminist Method?"; Jane Flax's "Postmodernism and Gender Relations in Feminist Theory"; Elizabeth Wright's "Thoroughly Postmodern Feminist Criticism"; Nancy Chodorow's "Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory"; Alison Jaggar's "Love and Knowledge: Emotion in Feminist Epistemology"; Iris Young's "The Ideal of Impartiality and the Civic Public"; Patricia Hill Collins's "Toward an Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology"; Patricia Waugh's "Modernism, Postmodernism, Gender: The View from Feminism"; Seyla Benhabib's "The Generalized and the Concrete Other"; Monique Wittig's "One is not Born a Woman"; hooks's "Black Women and Feminism"; Julia Kristeva's "Psychoanalysis and the Polis"; Helene Cixous's "Sorties"; Elizabeth Spelman's "Woman: The One and the Many"; Sneja Gunew's "Authenticity and the Writing Cure: Reading Some Migrant Women's Writing"; Denise Riley's "Am I That Name? Feminism and the Category of 'Women' in History"; Toril Moi's "Feminist, Female, Feminine"; Diana Fuss's "The 'Risk' of Essence"; Rachel Bowl's "Still Crazy After All These Years"; Morag Shiach's "Their 'Symbolic' Exists, It Hold Power - We, the Sowers of Disorder, Know It Only Too Well"; Liz Stanley's "Recovering Women in History from Feminist Deconstructionism"; Judith Butler's "Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire"; Kate Soper's "Feminism, Humanism, Postmodernism"; Kadiatu Kanneh's "Love, Mourning and Mataphor: Terms of Identity"; Elizabeth Grosz's "Psychoanalysis and the Imaginary Body": Luce Irigaray's "The Other: Woman"; Adrienne Rich's "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence"; Andrea Dworkin's "Pornography"; Carole Vance's "Pleasure and Danger: Toward a Politics of Sexuality"; Alison Light's "'Returning to Manderley' - Romance Fiction, Female Sexuality and Class"; Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's "Sexual Politics and Sexual Meaning"; Liz Kelly's "A Central Issue: Sexual Violence and Feminist Theory"; Catharine Mackinnon's "Toward a Feminist Theory of the State"; Rosalind Coward's "Slim and Sexy: Modern Woman's Holy Grail"; Cherry Smith's "Queer Notions"; Mary Mcintosh's "Queer Theory and the War of the Sexes"; Elizabeth Wilson's "Is Transgression Transgressive?"; Lynne Segal's "Sexual Liberation and Feminist Politics"; Paula Treichler's "AIDS, Identity, and the Politics of Gender"; Wendy Brown's "The Mirror of Pornography"; Susan Sturgis's "Bisexual Feminism: Challenging the Splits"; Jacqueline Rose's "Sexuality in the Field of Vision"; Kaja Silverman's "The Acoustic Mirror"; Annette Kuhn's "The Body and Cinema: Some Problems for Feminism"; E. Ann Kaplan's "Whose Imaginary: The Televisual Apparatus, the Female Body and Textual Strategies in Select Rock Videos on MTV"; Rita Felski's "The Dialectic of 'Feminism' and 'Aesthetics'"; Giselda Pollock's "Missing Women: Rethinking Early Thoughts on Images of Women"; Abigail Solomon Godeau's "Just Like a Woman"; Lynda Nead's "Getting Down to Basics: Art, Obscenity and the Female Nude"; Peggy Phelan's "Broken Symmetries: Memory, Sight, Love"; Susan Bordo's "Normalisation and Resistance in the Era of the Image"; Kate Chedgzoy's "Frida Kahlo's 'Grotesque Bodies'"; Carolyn Merchant's "Women and Ecology"; Donna Haraway's "A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980s"; Michelle Stanworth's "Reproductive Technologies: Tampering with Nature?"; Sarah Franklin's "Fetal Fascinations: New Dimensions to the Medical-Scientific Construction of Fetal Personhood"; Constance Penley's "Brownian Motion: Women, Tactics, and Technology"; Marilyn Strathern's "Less Nature, More Technology"; Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva's "Ecofeminism"; Sadie Plant's ""Beyond the Screens: Film, Cyberpunk and Cyberfeminism"; Carol Stabile's "Feminism and the Technological Fix"; Cynthia Cockburn and Ruza Furst-Dilic's "Looking for the Gender/Technology Relation"; Sherry Turkle's "Tinysex and Gender Trouble"; and Rosi Braidotti's "Cyberfeminism with a Difference."

Kestner, Joseph A. Sherlock's Men: Masculinity, Conan Doyle, and Cultural History. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997.

Kestner examines constructions of masculinity throughout Conan Doyle's nine volumes of short stories from 1887 through 1927 and the publication of The CaseBook of Sherlock Holmes. In addition to discussing the manner in which popular culture conveys the masculine gender, Kestner demonstrates Conan Doyle's interest in addressing masculinity in social, historical, legal, literary, educational, marital, and aesthetic contexts. Kestner explores such concepts as the notion of the gentleman, the role of reason, the nature of heroism, the ideology of chivalry, and the functions of law and punishment.

Kress, Susan. Carolyn G. Heilbrun: Feminist in a Tenured Position. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1997.

Kress explores feminist critic Carolyn G. Heilbrun's life experiences and her influence upon a generation of professional women who were often isolated and marginalized within inhospitable institutions. Drawing upon interviews with friends, colleagues, and Heilbrun herself, Kress investigates Heilbrun's various public identities and places her in the context of the developing women's movement.

Labbe, Jacqueline M. Romantic Visualities: Landscape, Gender and Romanticism. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Labbe discusses the manner in which the language of the prospect saturates Romantic-era literary, cultural, political, and social representation. In addition to exploring the place of the prospect in cultural constructions of gender, Labbe expectations of gender during the Romantic period. Labbe offers close readings of works by a variety of figures, including Wordsworth, Keats, Coleridge, and Dorothy Wordsworth, among others.

Lather, Patricia. Getting Smart: Feminist Research and Pedagogy With/in the Postmodern. New York: Routledge, 1991.

Lather explores the many ways in which knowledge relates to power, particularly in regard to teaching and women's studies. In addition to examining the nature of emancipatory theory and research, Lather applies her arguments about empowerment to contemporary educational practices. Lather advocates a liberatory style of education which aims to free students from conventional teacher-student hierarchies where student roles become marginalized.

Ledger, Sally. The New Woman: Fiction and Feminism at the Fin de Siecle. New York: Manchester UP, 1997.

In addition to comparing fictional representations with "real" New Women in late-Victorian Britain, Ledger enhances our understanding of the "Woman Question" at the end of the century. Ledger features chapters on imperialism, socialism, sexual decadence, and metropolitan life that attempt to situate the "revolting daughters" of the Victorian age in a broader cultural context than previous studies. Ledger provides close readings of texts by Eleanor Marx, Gertrude Dix, Bram Stoker, Oscar Wilde, Olive Schreiner, and Radclyffe Hall.

Levine, Nina S. Women's Matters: Politics, Gender, and Nation in Shakespeare's Early History Plays. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Levine reassesses various questions about politics in Shakespeare's history plays. Levine devotes particular attention to attitudes toward ruling and unruly women in late sixteenth-century England. By exploring the plays in their historical contexts, Levine discusses state power and national identity in gendered terms.

Livia, Anna, and Kira Hall, eds. Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Selections include Livia and Hall's "'It's a Girl!': Bringing Performativity Back to Linguistics"; Arnold M. Zwicky's "Two Lavender Issues for Linguists"; M. Lynne Murphy's "The Elusive Bisexual: Social Categorization and Lexico-Semantic Change"; Mala S. Kleinfeld and Noni Warner's "Lexical Variation in the Deaf Community Relating to Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Signs"; Ian Lucas's "The Color of His Eyes: Polari and the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence"; James Valentine's "Pots and Pans: Identification of Queer Japanese in Terms of Discrimination"; Michael J. Sweet's "Talking about Feygelekh: A Queer Male Representation in Jewish American Speech"; Randy Conner's "Les Molles et les chausses: Mapping the Isle of Hermaphrodites in Premodern France"; Marie-Jo Bonnet's "Sappho, or the Importance of Culture in the Language of Love: Tribade, Lesbienne, Homosexuelle"; Diane Watt's "Read my Lips: Clippyng and Kyssyng in the Early Sixteenth Century"; Rusty Barrett's "The 'Homo-genius' speech Community"; Birch Moonwomon-Baird's "Toward the Study of Lesbian Speech"; Jennifer Coates and Mary Ellen Jordan's "Que(e)rying Friendship: Discourses of Resistance and the Construction of Gendered Subjectivity"; Robin M. Queen's "'I Don't Speak Spritch': Locating Lesbian Language"; Kathleen M. Wood's "Narrative Iconicity in Electronic-Mail Lesbian Coming-Out Stories": Tina M. Neumann's "Deaf Identity, Lesbian Identity: Intersections in a Life Narrative"; A. C. Liang's "The Creation of Coherence in Coming-Out Stories"; William L. Leap's "Performative Effect in Three Gay English Texts"; James D. Armstrong's "Homophobic Slang as Coercive Discourse"; Elizabeth Morrish's "'Falling Short of God's Ideal': Public Di course about Lesbians and Gays"; Livia's "Disloyal to Masculinity: Linguistics, Gender, and Liminal Identity in French"; Genevieve Pastre's "Linguistic Gender Play among French Gays and Lesbians"; Bruce Bagemihl's "Surrogate Phonology and Transsexual Faggotry: A Linguistic Analogy for Uncoupling Sexual Orientation from Gender Identity"; Naoko Ogawa and Janet S. (Shibamoto) Smith's "The Gendering of the Gay Male Sex Class in Japan: A Case Study based on Rasen No Sobyo"; Rudolf P. Gaudio's "Not Talking Straight in Hausa"; and Hall's "'Go Suck Your Husband's Sugarcane!': Hijras and the Use of Sexual Insult."

Logan, Deborah Anna. Fallenness In Victorian Women's Writing: Marry, Stitch, Die, or Do Worse. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1998.

Logan investigates the proverbial "angel in the house" as the ideal commonly used to define sexual standards during the Victorian era. Logan argues that a primary concern of Victorian literature actually seems to be the many exceptions to this unattainable ideal. Logan focuses on the interconnections between Victorian women characters and angelic ideology, sexuality, and sexual deviance.

Marshall, Gail. Actresses on the Victorian Stage: Feminine Performance and the Galatea Myth Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Marshall investigates the lives of actresses on the English stage of the later nineteenth century, arguing that much of their work is determined by the popularity at the time of images of Classical sculpture. Marshall contends that they were often encouraged to look as much as possible as statues, and thus to appear to their audiences as sexually desirable objects rather than creative artists. Marshall devotes special attention to a range of theatrical fictions, visual representations, and popular culture's assimilation of the sculptural image, as well as Victorian-era theatrical productions.

McCandless, David. Gender and Performance in Shakespeare's Problem Comedies. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1997.

McCandless examines Shakespeare's problem plays in terms of the manner in which they dramatize a crisis in the sex-gender system. McCandless argues that such plays depict male characters dreading emasculation and engulfment, as well as fearing female authority and sexuality. McCandless contends that in these plays males identify desire for a female as dangerous and unmanly.

McCrea, Brian. Impotent Fathers: Patriarchy and Demographic Crisis in the Eighteenth-Century Novel. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

McCrea discusses the eighteenth-century novel as both the document and the agent of social change. In addition to exploring the ways in which writers of the era helped define a demographic crisis suffered by the landed elite from 1650 to 1740, McCrea examines questions regarding patriarchy, property, and gender in the eighteenth-century novel. McCrea argues that the early novel offered an important means for readers and writers to work through anxieties about family, property, and succession creation by failures in patrilinear succession.

McFarlane, Cameron. The Sodomite in Fiction and Satire, 1660-1750. New York: Columbia UP, 1997.

McFarlane surveys the representation of sodomy and the sodomite during the Restoration and the first half of the eighteenth century. In addition to exploring the vagueness of such terms as "buggery," "sodomy," and "sodomite" during this era, McFarlane offers close readings of a variety of Restoration and early eighteenth-century works. McFarlane contends that an understanding of sodomitical practices during this period provides us with greater insight into the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century literature and culture.

McKnight, Natalie J. Suffering Mothers in Mid-Victorian Novels. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

McKnight discusses the unprecedented and contradictory expectations that confronted women during the Victorian era. McKnight explores the influence of these cultural pressures on the fictional portrayals of mothers in Victorian novels by such figures as George Eliot, Charles Dickens, and William Makepeace Thackeray, among others. McKnight also examines the influences and natures of the characters in Victorian fiction, affording particular attention to the depiction of motherhood during that era.

Mitchell, Mark, and David Leavitt, eds. Pages Passed From Hand to Hand: The Hidden Tradition of Homosexual Literature in English from 1748 to 1914. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997.

Selections include an excerpt from Tobias Smollett's The Adventures of Roderick Random; an excerpt from John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure; an excerpt from Charlotte Cibber Charke's The History of Henry Dumont, Esq.; Herman Melville's "I and My Chimney"; an excerpt from Bayard Taylor's Joseph and His Friend.' A Story of Pennsylvania; an excerpt from Charles Warren Stoddard's South Sea Idyls and "In a Transport"; an excerpt from Walter Pater's Marius the Epicurean; Alan Dale's A Marriage Below Zero; an excerpt from Howard Overing Sturgis's Tim: A Story of Eton; an excerpt from Ambrose Bierce's Tales of Soldiers and Civilians and "The Mocking-Bird"; Henry James's "Collaboration"; an excerpt from James's Teleny; or The Reverse of the Medal; The Reverend Edwin Emanuel Bradford's "Boris Orloff"; John Francis Bloxam's "The Priest and the Acolyte"; an excerpt from Stanislaus Eric, Count Stenbock's Studies of Death: Romantic Tales, "Hylas," "Narcissus,' and "The True Story of a Vampire"; an excerpt from Kenneth Grahame's The Golden Age and "The Roman Road"; Frederick Rolfe and Baron Corvo's "In Praise of Billy B."; an excerpt from Owen Wister's The Virginian: A Horseman of the Plains and "Em'ly"; Edward Frederic Benson's "From The Challoners"; an excerpt from John Gambril Nicholson's The Romance of a Choir-Boy and "A Catalogue"; an excerpt from Willa Cather's The Troll Garden and "The Sculptor's Funeral"; an excerpt from Horace Annesley Vachell's The Hill: A Romance of Frienship and "A Revelation"; Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff's "Evensong and Morwe Song"; an excerpt from Saki's The Chronicles of Clovis and "Tobermory"; Louis Umfreville Wilkinson's "The Better End: Conclusion of a Chapter from the Unpublished Novel, What Percy Knew, H*nr* J*m*s"; an excerpt from Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson's Her Enemy, Some Friends-and Other Personages: Stories and Studies Mostly of Human Hearts and "Out of the Sun"; D. H. Lawrence's "The Prussian Officer"; an excerpt from Patrick Weston's Desert Dreamers; and an excerpt from E. M. Forster's Maurice.

Petrino, Elizabeth A. Emily Dickinson and Her Contemporaries: Women's Verse in America, 1820-1885. Hanover: UP of New England, 1998.

Petrino places Dickinson's life and work within the context of other nineteenth-century women poets and examines the feminist implications of their work. In addition to discussing the ways in which such figures as Lydia Sigourney, Louisa May Alcott, and Helen Hunt Jackson developed in their writing a rhetoric of duplicity that enabled them to question conventional values, Petrino explores both Dickinson's poetry and a diversity of genres from the child elegy to the discourse of flowers. Petrino also analyzes contemporary magazines, unpublished professional correspondence, gravestone inscriptions, and posthumous paintings of children to explain Dickinson's complex, often enigmatic literary biography and her decision not to seek publication.

Potkay, Monica Brzezinski, and Regular Meyer Evitt. Minding the Body: Women and Literature in the Middle Ages, 800 - 1500. New York: Twayne, 1997.

Potkay and Evitt survey the roles of women in the middle ages, from warrior queens, courtly lovers, and monstrous sinners to divine goddesses, tortured martyrs, beguiling sorceresses, and rape victims. In addition to discussing the complex relationship between medieval literature and reality, Potkay and Evitt offer close readings of works by Marie de France, Geoffrey Chaucer, Julian of Norwich, and Margery Kempe. Potkay and Evitt afford particular attention to the examination of medieval culture's concept of "feminine."

Powell, Kerry. Women and Victorian Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Powell explores the roles of women in Victorian theatre, arguing that actresses were represented as inhuman monstrosities rather than as fully realized human beings. In addition to examining the largely male controlled Victorian theatre, Powell discusses the increase in female dramatists as the nineteenth century came to a close. Powell surveys the evolution of women's participation in the theatre as playwrights, actresses, and theatre managers during the Victorian era.

Runge, Laura L. Gender and Language in British Literary Criticism, 1660 1790. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Runge investigates the concept of gender in British literary criticism during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In addition to exploring the manner in which masculine value systems represented the best literature while feminine terms often signified less important works, Runge argues that the gendered terminology of the era must be considered within a legitimate historical and cultural context. Runge addresses a variety of gender issues in this regard, including the largely masculine discourses of the heroic and the sublime, as well as the over-arching depiction of the novel as a feminine genre.

Rutherford, Jonathan. Forever England: Reflections on Race, Masculinity and Empire. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1997.

Rutherford offers a series of reflections on the results of English masculinity on Britain's history of Empire, from the Victorian era through the present. Rutherford provides readers with an analysis of the late-Victorian middle-class family, arguing that the ambivalent relationship of boys to their mothers contributed to a masculinity informed by narcissism, emotional immaturity, and a preoccupation with self-sacrifice. Rutherford offers close readings of works by Rupert Brooke, T. E. Lawrence, and Enoch Powell, among others.

Schehr, Lawrence. Alcibiades at the Door: Gay Discourses in French Literature. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1995.

Drawing upon the theoretical insights of such figures as Jean-Paul Sartre and Roland Barthes, Schehr examines the manner in which homosexual characters operate on the margins of narrative. Schehr discusses the differences between public and private discourse, with particular emphasis upon the deeper structures of narrative. Schehr argues that the figures and forms of homosexuality in Sartre's work relate to a phenomenology of perception, as well as to a persistence of the relationship between vision and knowledge.

Scheick, William J. Authority and Female Authorship in Colonial America. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1998.

Scheick investigates the manner in which colonial American women relied on the same male authorities and traditions as did colonial men. Scheick discusses logonomic conflict in the works of northeastern colonial women, including the poetry of Mary English and Anne Bradstreet, the letter-journals of Esther Edwards Burr and Sarah Prince, the autobiographical prose of Elizabeth Hanson and Elizabeth Ashbridge, and the political verse of Phillis Wheatley. Scheick devotes special attention to the subtle authorial uneasiness and subtextual tensions that resulted from their attempt to draw legitimacy from male authorities and traditions.

Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, ed. Novel Gazing: Queer Readings in Fiction. Durham: Duke UP, 1997.

Selections include Sedgwick's "Paranoid Reading and Reparative Reading; or, You're So Paranoid, You Probably Think This Introduction is About You"; Kathryn Bond Stockton's "Prophylactics and Brains: Beloved in the Cybernetic Age of AIDS"; Joseph Litvak's "Strange Gourmet: Taste, Waste, Proust"; Renu Bora's "Outing Texture"; Tyler Curtain's "The 'Sinister Fruitiness' of Machines: Neuromancer, Internet Sexuality, and the Turing Test"; Jeff Nunokawa's "The Importance of Being Bored: The Dividends of Ennui in The Picture of Dorian Gray"; Michael Lucey's "Balzac's Queer Cousins and Their Friends"; Anne Chandler's "Defying 'Development': Thomas Day's Queer Curriculum in Sandford and Merton"; Barry Weller's "Wizards, Warriors, and the Beast Glatisant in Love"; James Creech's "Forged in Crisis: Queer Beginnings of Modern Masculinity in a Canonical French Novel"; John Vincent's "Flogging is Fundamental: Applications of Birch in Swinburne's Lesbia Brandon"; Jacob Press's "Same-Sex Unions in Modern Europe: Daniel Deronda, Altneuland, and the Homoerotics of Jewish Nationalism"; Cindy Patton's "To Die For"; Robert F. Reid-Pharr's "Tearing the Goat's Flesh: Crisis, Homosexuality, Abjection, and the Production of a Late-Twentieth-Century Black Masculinity"; Maurice Wallace's "The Autochoreography of an Ex-Snow Queen: Dance, Desire, and the Black Masculine in Melvin Dixon's Vanishing Rooms"; Stephen Barber's "Lip-Reading: Woolf's Secret Encounters"; Melissa Solomon's "The Female World of Exorcism and Displacement (Or, Relations between Women in Henry James's Nineteenth-Century The Portrait of a Lady)"; and Jonathan Goldberg's "Strange Brothers."

Smith, Felipe. American Body Politics: Race, Gender, and Black Literary Renaissance. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1998.

Smith explores the ways in which body politics have played a significant role in the evolution of American literature, particularly African American literature. Smith traces the development of gender images in terms of the social, political, and economic nature of American literature. In addition to discussing such images as the white witch, black madonna, mammy, and white lady, Smith examines the central role of the discourse of the body in African American literature.

Stange, Margit. Personal Property: Wives, White Slaves, and the Market in Women. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998.

Stange investigates the early twentieth-century emergence of lurid white slavery literature. Using works by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Edith Wharton, Jane Addams, and Kate Chopin, Stange examines the roles of women as domestic commodities in American fiction. In addition to challenging the patriarchal insights of such figures as Lewis Henry Morgan, Thorsten Veblen, and Herbert Spencer, Stange explores the ways in which women's social status became transformed by a period of intense capitalist expansion.

Stanley, Sandra Kumamoto, ed. Other Sisterhoods: Literary Theory and U.S. Women of Color. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1998.

Selections include Stanley's introduction; Analouise Keating's "(De)Centering the Margins? Identity Politics and Tactical (Re)Naming"; Dionne Espinoza's "Women of Color and Identity Politics: Translating Theory, Haciendo Teoria"; Kimberly N. Brown's "Of Poststructuralist Fallout, Scarification, and Blood Poems: The Revolutionary Ideology Behind the Poetry of Jayne Cortez"; Marilyn Edelstein's "Resisting Postmodernism; or, 'A Postmodernism of Resistance': bell hooks and the Theory Debates"; Tomo Hattori's "Psycholinguistic Orientalism in Criticism of The Woman Warrior and Obasan"; Robin Riley Fast's "Who Speaks, Who Listens? Questions of Community, Audience, and Language in Poems Chrystos and Wendy Rose"; King-Kok Cheung's "Of Men and Men: Reconstructing Chinese American Masculinity"; Timothy Libretti's "Rethinking Class from a Chicana Perspective: Identity and Otherness in Chicana Literature and Theory"; Renae Moore Bredin's "Theory in the Mirror"; Jennifer Browdy de Hernandez's "Mothering the Self: Writing through the Lesbian Sublime in Audre Lorde's Zami and Gloria Anzaldua's Borderlands/La Frontera"; Kimberly M. Blaeser's "Like 'Reeds through the Ribs of a Basket': Native Women Weaving Stories"; Kathryn Bond Stockton's "Heaven's Bottom: Anal Economics and the Critical Debasement of Freud in Toni Morrison's Sula"; Eun Kyung Min's "Reading the Figure of Dictation in Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictee"; and Cecilia Rodriguez Milanes's "A Journey Toward Voice; or, Constructing One Latina's Poetics."

Tong, Rosemarie Putnam. Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction. 2nd ed. Boulder: Westview, 1998.

Originally published in 1989, this new edition of Tong's volume offers a comprehensive survey of feminist literary theory, as well as a substantially redrawn map of twentieth-century feminist thinking. In addition to discussing liberal, radical, and Marxist-socialist schools of feminism, Tong examines psychoanalytic, existentialist, and postmodern feminism. Tong also features new chapters on ecofeminism and multicultural and global feminism.

Verstraete, Ginette. Fragments of the Feminine Sublime in Friedrich Schlegel and James Joyce. Albany: State U of New York P, 1998.

Verstraete explores the works of James Joyce in terms of German Romantic theory, particularly in terms of the manner in which Joyce's modernist innovations find their origins in Friedrich Schlegel's conception of the fragmented novel. Verstraete identifies the opposition between male artist and female model, arguing that it illustrates the literary and political force of what she terms the "feminine sublime." Verstraete argues that an understanding of the feminine sublime provides readers with keys to understanding Joyce's replications of Romantic art in his fictions.

Walshe, Eibhear, ed. Sex, Nation, and Dissent: In Irish Writing. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Selections include Walshe's "Introduction: Sex, Nation and Dissent"; Emma Donoghue's "'How Could I Fear and Hold Thee the Hand': The Poetry of Eva and Gore Booth"; David Alderson's "Momentary Pleasures: Wilde and English Virtue"; Colin Cruise's "Error and Eros: The Fiction of Forrest Reid as a Defence of Homosexuality"; Roz Cowman's "Lost Time: The Smell and Taste of Castle T"; Patricia Coughlan's "Women and Desire in the Work of Elizabeth Bowen"; Declan Kiberd's "Elizabeth Bowen: The Dandy in Revolt"; Walshe's "Sodom and Begorrah, or Game to the Last: Inventing Michael MacLiammoir"; Anne Fogarty's "The Ear of the Other: Dissident Voices in Kate O'Brien's As Music and Splendour and Mary Dorcey's A Noise from the Woodshed"; Mary Breen's "Piggies and Spoilers of Girls: The Representation of Sexuality in the Novels of Molly Keane"; Lillis O Laoire's "Dearg Dobhogtha Chain/The Indelible Mark of Cain: Sexual Dissidence in the Poetry of Cathal O Searcaigh"; David Grant's "'Tangles': Addressing an Unusual Audience"; and Lance Pettitt's "Pigs and Provos, Prostitutes and Prejudice: Gay Representation in Irish Film, 1984-1995."

Wawrzycka, Jolanta W., and Marlena G. Corcoran, eds. Gender in Joyce. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1997.

Selections include Margot Norris's "Introduction: Joyce's 'Mamafesta': Mater and Material, Text and Textile"; Susan Sutliff Brown's "The Joyce Brothers in Drag: Fraternal Incest in Ulysses"; Mark Osteen's "Female Property: Women and Gift Exchange in Ulysses"; Lesley Higgins's "'Lovely Seaside Girls' or 'Sweet Murderers of Men'?: Fatal Women in Ulysses"; Martha Fodaski Black's "S/He-Male Voices in Ulysses: Counterpointing the 'New Womanly Man'"; Hey ward Ehrlich's "Socialism, Gender, and Imagery in Dubliners"; Mary Lowe-Evans's "Joyce and the Myth of the Mediatrix"; Jean Kimball's "Eros and Logos in Ulysses: A Jungian Pattern"; Garry Leonard's "The Masquerade of Gender: Mrs. Kearney and the 'Moral Umbrella' of Mr. O'Madden Burke"; Ewa Ziarek's "'Circe': Joyce's Argumentum ad Feminam"; and Margaret Mills Harper's "Fabric and Fame in the Odyssey and 'Penelope.'"

Weeks, Kathi. Constituting Feminist Subjects. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1998.

Weeks contends that one of the most important tasks for contemporary feminist theory is to develop theories of the subject that are adequate to feminist politics. Weeks argues that, while modernists and postmodernists succeeded in highlighting feminist issues, feminist criticism still needs to establish a theory of the constitution of subjects to account for the processes of social construction. Drawing upon a variety of different theoretical frameworks, Weeks advocates a nonessentialist feminist subject and a theory of constituting subjects.

Weisser, Susan Ostrov. Women and Sexual Love in the British Novel, 1740-1880: A "Craving Vacancy." London: Macmillan, 1997.

Weisser surveys shifting attitudes towards women's sexuality and romantic love during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Weisset identifies two cultural ideals of middle-class femininity: the Lady and Moral Femininity. The former category, according to Weisset, is marked by social success and an ethos of self-gratification, while the latter finds its value in notions of self-denial.

Woods, Gregory. A History of Gay Literature: The Male Tradition. New Haven: Yale UP, 1998.

Woods history of the gay literary tradition offers a wide-ranging and comprehensive guide to the field. In addition to discussing a diversity of figures including Homer, Edmund White, Virgil, Dante, Clive Barker, Dashiell Hammett, and David Leavitt, among a host of others, Woods affords attention to the representation of male-male love by writers who were not themselves homosexual or bisexual men. Woods features addition chapters on recent trends in Anglo-American gay studies and postcolonial African gay poetry.

Yeo, Eileen Janes, ed. Mary Wollstonecraft and 200 Years of Feminisms. London: Rivers Oram, 1997.

Selections include Yeo's introduction; Barbara Taylor's "For the Love of God: Religion and the Erotic Imagination in Wollstonecraft's Feminism"; Joan W. Scott's "The Imagination of Olympe de Gouges"; Joan Landes's "Mary Does, Alice Doesn't: The Paradox of Female Reason in and for Feminist Theory"; Mary Nyquist's "Wanting Protection: Fair Ladies, Sensibility and Romance"; Moira Ferguson's "Mary Wollstonecraft and the Problematic of Slavery"; Delia Jarrett-Macauley's "It Ain't All Black and White"; Yeo's "Some Contradictions of Social Motherhood"; Gillian Scott's "Working-Class Feminism?: The Women's Cooperative Guild, 1880s-1914"; Francoise Basch's "Ernestine Rose (1810-92) and Her Multiple Identities"; Muriel Fielding's "Ignota, the Unknown Woman: Elizabeth Clarke Wolstenholme Elmy, 1833-1918"; Gerry Holloway's "Ada Nield Chew: An Uncomfortable Feminist"; Rachel Holmes's "Leading a Normal Family?: Sexuality and Nation in the 1991 Winnie Mandela Trial"; Dimitrina Petrova's "The Farewell Dance: Women in the Bulgarian Transition"; Min Dongchao's "From Asexuality to Gender Differences in Modern China"; Kate Soper's "Naked Human Nature and the Draperies of Custom: Wollstonecraft on Equality and Democracy"; and Himani Bannerji's "Mary Wollstonecraft, Feminism and Humanism: A Spectrum of Reading."

Ziotnick, Susan. Women, Writing, and the Industrial Revolution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998.

Zlotnick discusses the ways in which industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries inspired deep fears and divisions throughout England. Zlotnick argues that women writers foresaw in the industrial revolution the prospect of real improvements despite this climate of fear and uncertainty. In addition to interpreting the poetry and fiction produced by working-class men and women, Zlotnick includes texts written by the Chartists, the largest laboring-class movement in the early nineteenth century, as well as those of the dialect tradition, the popular, commercial literature of the industrial working class after mid-century.

(6) Psychoanalytic Criticism

Bailey, Victor. "This Rash Act": Suicide Across the Life Cycle in the Victorian City. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Using the Yorkshire town of Kingston-upon-Hull as his case study, Bailey explores the nature of 700 reported suicides between 1837 and 1900. In addition to examining the experiences that drove people to suicide, Bailey attempts to understand the effects of their acts upon friends, families, and various legal and medical authorities. Through his interpretation of these "suicide narratives," Bailey offers a variety of intriguing conclusions regarding the experience of suicide and its social construction.

Baker, Phil. Beckett and the Mythology of Psychoanalysis. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Baker investigates Samuel Beckett's explicit engagement with psychoanalysis in his plays. Using psychoanalysis as an historically specific construct, Baker discusses Beckett's parodies of the talking cure and its largely idiosyncratic rhetoric. Baker also explores the remarkable incidence of familial themes in Beckett's work, as well as analyzing the appearance of "ghost stories" of mourning, melancholia, and loss in the writer's narratives.

Dever, Carolyn. Death and the Mother From Dickens To Freud: Victorian Fiction and the Anxiety of Origins. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

In addition to examining Victorian manifestations of motherhood in various nineteenth-century novels, Dever discusses the psychological boundaries of the incapacitated, abandoned, or dead mothers in Victorian fiction. Dever argues that maternal loss signifies as the prerequisite for Victorian representations of domestic life. Drawing upon Freudian constructions of family, gender, and desire, Dever contends that domesticity in selected Victorian fictions necessarily begins with the death of the mother.

Hughes, William, and Andrew Smith, eds. Bram Stoker: History, Psychoanalysis, and the Gothic. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Selections include Hughes and Smith's "Introduction: Bram Stoker, the Gothic and the Development of Cultural Studies"; Alison Milbank's "'Powers Old and New': Stoker's Alliances with Anglo-Irish Gothic"; Clare A. Simmons's "Fables of Community: Bram Stoker and Medievalism"; Maggie Kilgour's "Vampiric Arts: Bram Stoker's Defence of Poetry"; Robert Mighall's "Sex, History and the Vampire"; Marie Mulvey-Roberts's "Dracula and the Doctors: Bad Blood, Menstrual Taboo and the New Woman"; Robert Edwards's "The Alien and the Familiar in The Jewel of Seven Stars and Dracula"; Victor Sage's "Exchanging Fantasies: Sex and the Serbian Crisis in The Lady of the Shroud"; Lisa Hopkins's "Crowning the King, Mourning his Mother: The Jewel of Seven Stars and The Lady of the Shroud"; Joseph S. Bierman's ""A Crucial Stage in the Writing of Dracula"; David Punter's "Echoes in the Animal House: The Lair of the White Worm"; David Seed's "Eruptions of the Primitive into the Present: The Jewel of Seven Stars and The Lair of White Worm"; and Jerrold E. Hogle's "Stoker's Counterfeit Gothic: Dracula and Theatricality at the Dawn of Simulation."

Kearns, Katherine. Psychoanalysis, Historiography, and Feminist Theory: The Search for Critical Method. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Kearns investigates the feminist, theoretical, and psychoanalytic implications inherent in the relationship between history and narrative. Drawing upon Freudian theories of adult authority and the Oedipus Complex, Kearns explores the anti-feminist anti-individualist implications of any fully "oedipalized" discourse. Kearns contends that the study of history takes us beyond traditionally defined historical contexts to include individual psychological moments and states of existence in which thought and action occur.

Lacan, Jacques. On Feminine Sexuality, The Limits of Love and Knowledge, 1972-1973: Encore the Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book XX. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: Norton, 1998.

Selections include "On Jouissance"; "To Jakobson"; "The Function of the Written"; "Love and the Signifier"; "Aristotle and Freud: The Other Satisfaction"; "God and Woman's Jouissance"; "A Love Letter"; "Knowledge and Truth"; "On the Baroque"; "Rings of String"; and "The Rat in the Maze."

Martin, Robert K., and George Piggford, eds. Queer Forster. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997.

Selections include Martin and Piggford's "Introduction: Queer, Forster?"; Gregory W. Bredbeck's "'Queer Superstitions': Forster, Carpenter, and the Illusion of (Sexual) Identity"; Eric Haralson's "'Thinking About Homosex' in Forster and James"; Christopher Reed's "The Mouse That Roared: Creating a Queer Forster"; Piggford's "Camp Sites: Forster and the Biographies of Queer Bloomsbury"; Joseph Bristow's "Fratrum Societati: Forster's Apostolic Dedications"; Judith Scherer Herz's "'This is the End of Parsival': The Orphic and the Operatic in The Longest Journey"; Debrah Raschke's "Breaking the Engagement with Philosophy: Re-envisioning Hetero/Homo Relations in Maurice"; Christopher Lane's "Betrayal and Its Consolations in Maurice, 'Arthur Snatchfold,' and 'What Does It Matter? A Morality'"; Tamera Dorland's "'Contrary to the Prevailing Current'? Homoeroticism and the Voice of Maternal Law in 'The Other Boat'"; Charu Malik's "To Express the Subject of Friendship: Masculine Desire and Colonialism in A Passage to India"; Yonatan Touval's "Colonial Queer Something": and Martin's "'It Must Have Been the Umbrella': Forster's Queer Begetting."

Matlak, Richard E. The Poetry of Relationship: The Wordsworths and Coleridge, 1797-1800. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Matlak discusses the manner in which poets are influenced- whether consciously or unconsciously - by the nature of their surroundings. Matlak employs recent insights in psychobiography in close readings of works by William and Dorothy Wordsworth, as well as by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Matlak examines the intimate relationship between these three writers and provides reinterpretations of their canonical works based on psychological and intertextual contexts.

Maze, John R. Virginia Woolf: Feminism, Creativity, and the Unconscious. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Maze explores the role of the unconscious in several obscure passages in WooIf's novels. Drawing upon the insights of Freudian psychoanalysis, Maze attempts to account for the hidden depths of these mysterious passages in such works as To the Lighthouse, Mrs. Dalloway, and Between the Acts, among other volumes. Maze devotes particular attention to such concepts as love, death, sanity, identity, liberation, and self-fulfillment in his study.

Mehlman, Jeffrey. Genealogies of the Text: Literature, Psychoanalysis, and Politics in Modern France. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995.

Mehlman discusses the often politically devastating arguments inherent in the works of a variety of French writers, particularly Maurice Blanchot. Drawing upon Freudian theories of psychoanalysis, Mehlman offers close readings of works Mallarme, Valery, and Proust, among others. Additionally, Mehlman analyzes the ethics of investigating the ideological and political connotations of literary works in a psychoanalytic mode.

Navarette, Susan J. The Shape of Fear: Horror and the Fin de Siecle Culture of Decadence. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1998.

Navarette discusses late-Victorian responses to shifts in thought regarding the human body and the physical environment that shaped it. Drawing upon the insights of such figures as Charles Darwin, Walter Pater, and Thomas Henry Huxley, among others, Navarette examines fin de siecle texts and the manner in which they emphasized stylistic decomposition and language as a surrogate for anxiety and physical deformity. Navarette devotes particular attention to the analysis of aesthetic responses to trends in contemporary science and explores the cultural perception that a period of decline had begun in the 1890s.

Punter, David. Gothic Pathologies: The Text, The Body and The Law. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Drawing upon the psychoanalytic arguments of such figures as Freud, Melanie Klein, James Hillman, and Deleuze, among others, Punter explores the interconnections between writing and loss in Gothic fiction. Punter offers close readings of a variety of texts by such writers as Mary Shelley, Stephen King, Robert Bloch, William Gibson, and Don DeLillo, among others. Punter features additional analyses of Chinese fictions and their interconnections with Gothic literature.

Speziale-Bagliacca, Roberto. The King and the Adulteress: A Psychoanalytical and Literary Reinterpretation of Madame Bovary and King Lear. Durham: Duke UP, 1998.

Speziale-Bagliacca offers full-length studies of Flaubert's Madame Bovary and Shakespeare's King Lear. Drawing upon psychoanalytic theories regarding sadomasochistic relationships and authoritarian pathology, Speziale-Bagliacca challenges conventional literary interpretations of these narratives. Speziale-Bagliacca's mergence of psychoanalysis with literary studies provides readers with new understandings of the roles of depression, evil, and passivity in Flaubert and Shakespeare's works.

Stern, Julia A. The Plight of Feeling: Sympathy and Dissent in the Early American Novel. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997.

Stern explores the emotional qualities of sympathy and dissent in early American novels by such figures as Hannah Foster and Charles Brockden Brown. Stern devotes special attention to the analysis of dreams and the "tyranny" of voice in such novels as The Coquette and Ormond. Additionally, Stern explores the psychological boundaries of such concepts as freedom and fraternity.

Wright, Elizabeth. Psychoanalytic Criticism: A Reappraisal. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Wright's expansive introduction to psychoanalytic criticism and its critical possibilities offers a valuable reference guide for students and advanced scholars alike. Wright includes a wide assortment of chapters ranging from discussions of classical psychoanalysis and Freudian criticism to archetypal criticism and object-relations theory, among other arenas of study. Additionally, Wright features forays into psychoanalysis's intersections with such subjects as feminism, ideology, and deconstruction.

(7) Cultural and Historical Criticism

Akiyama, Masayuki, and Yiu-nam Leung, eds. Crosscurrents in the Literatures of Asia and the West: Essays in Honor of A. Owen Aldridge. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1997.

Selections include Dai-Yun Yue's "Cultural Discourse and Cultural Intercourse"; Heh-Hsiang Yuan's "Genre and Canon: An Inquiry into Chinese-Western Comparative Literature Study"; Adrian Hsia's "The Zeitgeist and Herder's Reconstruct of China"; John T. Dorsey's "Shades of Enlightenment: Concepts of Modernization and Westernization in Meiji Japan"; Shunsuki Kamei's "Mark Twain in Japan, Reconsidered"; Seong-Kon Kim's "Through Asian Eyes: American Culture on the Silver Screen"; Wai-Lim Yip's "Ezra Pound's Tensional Dialogue with the Chinese Concept of Nature"; Eugene Eoyang's "Metaphor in the Sciences and in the Humanities: Logic, Rhetoric, or Heuristic?"; Marian Galik's "Feng Zhi and His Goethean Sonnet"; Koon-Ki Tommy Ho's "Dystopia as an Alternative Historical Hypothesis of Eutopia: The Life Histories of Eutopia in Animal Farm and A Utopian Dream"; Leung's "High Finance in Emile Zola and Mao Tun"; Akiyama's "A Woman's Search for Identity in A Certain Woman and The Portrait of a Lady"; Yoko Matsui's "Koyo Ozaki's The Golden Demon in the Light of Western Fiction"; Matoshi Fujisawa's "The Role of Ogai Mori's Translation of Hans Christian Andersen's Improvisatoren in the Poetical Works of Takuboku Ishikawa"; I-Chun Wang's "Class Conflict and the Politics of Gender in Arden of Faversham and Kan Tou Chin"; Kai-Chong Cheung's "Female Rebellion: Old Style and New"; and Naomi Matsouka's "Tsuda Umeko as University Founder and Cultural Intermediary."

Altick, Richard D. Punch: The Lively Youth of a British Institution 1841-1851. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1997.

Altick examines the literary, cultural, and historical influence of the popular Victorian periodical Punch. Altick argues that the magazine reflected the interests and state of mind of its predominantly middle-class Victorian audience. In addition to addressing the journal's readership, which included such luminaries as Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Edward FitzGerald, Leigh Hunt, Christina Rossetti, and Herman Melville, among others, Altick discusses the humorous periodical's substantial influence upon Victorian literary history.

Alulis, Joseph, and Vickie Sullivan, eds. Shakespeare's Political Pageant: Essays in Literature and Politics. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996.

Selections include Michael Zuckert's "The New Medea: On Portia's Comic Triumph in The Merchant of Venice"; Alulis's "Fathers and Children: Matter, Mirth, and Melanchology in As You Like It"; Barbara Tovey's "Wisdom and the Law: Thoughts on the Political Philosophy of Measure for Measure"; David Lowenthal's "The Portrait of Athens in A Midsummer Night's Dream"; Christopher Colmo's "Coming Home: The Political Settlement in Shakespeare's King John"; Tim Spiekerman's "The Education of Hal: Henry IV, Parts One and Two"; Sullivan's "Princes to Act: Henry V as the Machiavellian Prince of Appearance"; Pamela K. Jensen's "'This Is Venice': Politics in Shakespeare's Othello"; Paul A. Cantor's "King Lear: The Tragic Disjunction of Wisdom and Power"; Timothy Fuller's "The Relation of Thought and Action in Macbeth"; Michael Davis's "Courage and Impotence in Macbeth"; and Dennis Bathory's "'With Himself at War': Shakespeare's Roman Hero and the Republican Tradition."

Arlett, Robert. Epic Voices: Inner and Global Impulse in the Contemporary American and British Novel. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1996.

Arlett traces the major achievement of contemporary American and British fiction, which he attributes to its attempt to refine an "epic" voice. Arlett explores a selection of American and British novels that confront the inner and outer impulses of contemporary experience. Arlett also discusses the contemporary novel's embrace of an epic voice in an effort to fuse normally distinct narrative voices.

Attridge, Derek, and Rosemary Jolly, eds. Writing South Africa: Literature, Apartheid, and Democracy, 1970-1995. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Jolly and Attridge's introduction; Andre Brink's "Interrogating Silence: New Possibilities Faced by South African Literature"; Peter Horn's "I Am Dead: You Cannot Read: Andre Brink's On the Contrary"; Elleke Boehmer's "Endings and New Beginnings: South African Fiction in Transition"; Graham Pechey's "The Post-Apartheid Sublime: Rediscovering the Extraordinary"; Lewis Nkosi's "Postmodernism and Black Writing in South Africa"; Zoe Wicomb's "Shame and Identity: The Case of the Coloured in South Africa": Michiel Heyns's "A Man's World: South African Gay Writing and the State of Emergency"; Rita Barnard's "The Final Safari: On Nature, Myth, and the Literature of the Emergency"; Miriam Tlali's "Interview" (interviewed by Jolly); Benita Parry's "Speech and Silence in the Fiction of J. M. Coetzee"; David Atwell's "'Dialogue' and 'Fulfilment' in J. M. Coetzee's Age of Iron"; Mongane Wally Serote's "Interview" (interviewed by Roll Solberg); Brian Macaskill's "Inside Out: Jeremy Cronin's Lyrical Politics"; Dennis Walder's "Spinning Out the Present: Narrative, Gender, and the Politics of South African Theatre"; Jeanne Colleran's "South African Theatre in the United States: The Allure of the Familiar and of the Exotic"; Albie Sachs's "Preparing Ourselves for Freedom"; Maishe Maponya's "Challenges Facing Theatre Practitioners in the New South Africa"; and Zakes Mda's "Current Trends in Theatre for Development."

Ayres, Philip. Classical Culture and the Idea of Rome in Eighteenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Ayres discusses the aristocratic adoption of Roman ideals in eighteenth-century English culture and thought. Ayres demonstrates the ways in which the ruling class promoted via its patronage a classical frame of mind by embracing all of the arts. Ayres argues that this sense of affinity with the ideals of the free Roman Republic gave British classicism an authenticity impossible under the various versions of absolutism on the continent.

Baker, David J. Between Nations: Shakespeare, Spenser, Marvell, and the Question of Britain. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.

Baker unites historiography and literary criticism in his analysis of works by Shakespeare, Spenser, and Marvell. Baker contextualizes Renaissance England and its literature by discussing the nexus between English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh histories, arguing that England has never been able to emerge or define itself in isolation from its neighbors in the British Isles. Baker contends that England was able to develop into a nation only by means of its relations with the other proto-nations that it was often in the act of suppressing.

Baker, Peter S., and Nicholas Howe, eds. Words and Works: Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature in Honour of Fred C. Robinson. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1998.

Selections include Roy Michael Liuzza's "Who Read the Gospels in Old English?"; Michael Lapidge's "Byrhtferth at Work"; Daniel Donoghue's "An Anser for Exeter Book Riddle"; Michiko Ogura's "An Ogre's Arm: Japanese Analogues of Beowulf'; Eric Gerald Stanley's "Courtliness and Courtesy in Beowulf and Elsewhere in English Medieval Literature"; Paul E. Szarmach's "AEdelflaed of Mercia: Mise en page"; Helmut Geuss's "Old English Texts and Modern Readers: Notes on Editing and Textual Criticism"; Bruce Mitchell's "The Dream of the Rood Repunctuated"; Patti Rissanen's "Mapelian in Old English Poetry"; Mary E. Blockley's "Opposition and the Subjects of Verb-Initial Clauses"; Baker's "The Inflection of Latin Nouns in Old English Texts"; Roberta Frank's "When Lexicography Met the Exeter Book"; Marie Borroff's "Chaucer's English Rhymes: The Roman, the Romaunt, and The Book of the Duchess"; David Lorenzo Boyd's "Seeking 'Goddes Pryvetee': Sodomy, Quitting, and Desire in The Miller's Tale"; Siegfried Wenzel's "Why the Monk?"; Marijane Osborn's "The Real Fulk Fitzwarine's Mythical Monster Fights"; and Howe's "Praise and Lament: The Afterlife of Old English Poetry in Auden, Hill, and Gunn."

Barker, Hannah. Newspapers, Politics, and Public Opinion in Late Eighteenth-Century England. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Barker explores the ways in which both London and provincial newspapers operated, the evolution of their politics, and their relationships with politicians and readers. Barker devotes particular attention to the manner in which newspapers both represented and shaped public opinion. Barker concentrates upon events of the late 1770s and early 1780s, focusing in particular upon the changing nature of political debate and the role of the people in shaping politics.

Beer, Anna R. Sir Walter Ralegh and His Readers in the Seventeenth Century: Speaking to the People. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Beer examines the ways in which Sir Walter Ralegh established a powerful political identity in the prose texts that he composed in prison. Beer analyzes various works, including Ralegh's The History of the World, as well as his speech from the scaffold. Beer argues that Ralegh's experience of imprisonment encouraged him to find new audiences outside the court and to try on political stances that challenged monarchial power.

Behrendt, Stephen C. Royal Mourning and Regency Culture: Elegies and Memorials of Princess Charlotte. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Behrendt studies the death in childbirth in 1817 of Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales and the unprecedented national mourning that followed her demise. Behrendt argues that the widespread response in British Regency culture to the loss of a beloved princess demonstrated the ways in which her life and death were invested with the qualities of myth. Behrendt further contends that Princess Charlotte's death revealed the manner in which memorialists appropriated her death in order to produce consumer commodities for an emerging mass audience.

Booker, M. Keith. Joyce, Bakhtin, and the Literary Tradition: Toward a Comparative Cultural Poetics. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1995.

Booker employs recent cultural-theoretical insights in an analysis of Joyce's role in the global literary tradition. In addition to applying the Bakhtin's theories of polyphony in his study, Booker examines Joyce's cultural dialogues with such figures as Homer, Dante, and Shakespeare, among others. Booker argues that Joyce - despite his cultural involvement with a larger historical literary tradition - remained very much in touch with the workaday lives of his ordinary literary characters.

Bradshaw, Brendan, and Peter Roberts, eds. British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533-1707. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Bradshaw and Roberts's introduction; Roberts's "Tudor Wales, National Identity and the British Inheritance"; Bradshaw's "The English Reformation and Identity Formation in Ireland and Wales"; Marc Caball's "Faith, Culture and Sovereignty: Irish Nationality and its Development, 1558-1625"; Andrew Hadfield's "From English to British Literature: John Lyly's Euphues and Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queen"; Willy Maley's "The British Problem in Three Tracts on Ireland by Spenser, Bacon and Milton"; Alan Ford's "James Ussher and the Creation of an Irish Protestant Identity"; Philip Jenkins's "Seventeenth-Century Wales: Definition and Identity"; Keith M. Brown's "Scottish Identity in the Seventeeth Century"; Jane Dawson's "The Gaidhealtachd and the Emergence of the Scottish Highlands"; Jim Smyth's "'No Remedy More Proper': Anglo-Irish Unionism"; and Colin Kidd's "Protestantism, Constitutionalism and British Identity Under the Later Stuarts."

Bristol, Michael D. Big-Time Shakespeare. London: Routledge, 1996.

Bristol assesses Shakespeare's substantial impact upon global culture and Western civilization. In addition to discussing the playwright's canonical status within the academic community, Bristol explores Shakespeare's unusual form of contemporary celebrity. In addition to providing close readings of such works as The Winter's Tale, Othello, and Hamlet, Bristol argues that the plays represent our culture's sense of pathos with remarkable force and enduring clarity.

Brown, Cedric C., and Arthur F. Marotti, eds. Texts and Cultural Change in Early Modern England. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Selections include the editors' introduction; Janel Mueller's "Complications of Intertextuality: John Fisher, Katherine Parr and 'The Book of the Crucifix'"; Marotti's "Southwell's Remains: Catholicism and Anti-Catholicism in Early Modern England"; Pamela Neville-Sington's "'A very good Trumpet': Richard Hakluyt and the Politics of Overseas Expansion"; Peter Lindenbaum's "Sidney's Arcadia as Cultural Monument and Proto-Novel"; Lori Humphrey Newcomb's "The Triumph of Time: The Fortunate Readers of Robert Greene's Pandosto"; Sasha Roberts's "Editing Sexuality, Narrative and Authorship: The Altered Texts of Shakespeare's Lucrece"; Richard Dutton's "The Birth of the Author"; Brown's "Mending and Bending the Occasional Text: Collegiate Elegies and the Case of 'Lycidas'"; Paulina Kewes's "Between the 'Triumvirate of Wit' and the Bard: The English Dramatic Canon"; and Paul Hammond's "Friends or Lovers?: Sensitivity to Homosexual Implications in Adaptations of Shakespeare."

Buelens, Gert, ed. Enacting History in Henry James: Narrative, Power, and Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include Buelens's introduction; Winfried Fluck's "Power Relations in the Novels of James: The 'Liberal' and the 'Radical' Version"; Richard A. Hocks's "Multiple Germs, Metaphorical Systems, and Moral Fluctuation in The Ambassadors"; Sarah B. Daugherty's "James and the Ethics of Control: Aspiring Architects and Their Floating Creatures"; Adrian Poole's "James and the Shadow of the Roman Empire: Manners and the Consenting Victim"; Alfred Habegger's "What Maisie Knew: Henry James's Bildungsroman of the Artist as Queer Moralist"; Michiel W. Heyns's "The Double Narrative of 'The Beast in the Jungle': Ethical Plot, Ironical Plot, and the Play of Power"; Hugh Stevens's "Homoeroticism, Identity, and Agency in James's Late Tales"; David McWhirter's "'A Provision Full of Responsibilities': Senses of the Past in Henry James's Fourth Phase"; Buelens's "Possessing the American Scene: Race and Vulgarity, Seduction and Judgment"; and J. Hillis Miller's "History, Narrative, and Responsibility: Speech Acts in 'The Aspern Papers.'"

Burke, Peter. Varieties of Cultural History. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1997.

Selections include "Origins of Cultural History"; "The Cultural History of Dreams"; "History as Social Memory"; "The Language of Gesture in Early Modern Italy"; "Frontiers of the Comic in Early Modern Italy"; "The Discreet Charm of Milan: English Travelers in the Seventeenth Century"; "Public and Private Spheres in Late Renaissance Genoa"; "Learned Culture and Popular Culture in Renaissance Italy"; "Chivalry in the New World"; "The Translation of Culture: Carnival in Tow or Three Worlds"; "Strengths and Weaknesses of the History of Mentalities"; and "Unity and Variety in Cultural History."

Burnett, Mark Thornton. Masters and Servants in English Renaissance Drama and Culture: Authority and Obedience. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Burnett offers a materialist and interdisciplinary study of historical representations of master-servant relations in the English Renaissance. Using archival sources as well as various works of Renaissance drama, popular verse, and pamphlets, Burnett discusses a host of servant types in the literature of the era, from apprentices to male domestic servants, women in service, and officers of the noble household. Burnett argues that servants functioned as charged indicators of wider attitudes about the nature of authority, social change, and economic upheaval.

Burnett, Mark Thornton, and Ramona Wray, eds. Shakespeare and Ireland: History, Politics, Culture. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Selections include Frank McGuinness's foreword; Burnett's introduction; Lisa Hopkins's "Neighbourhood in Henry V"; Willy Maley's "Shakespeare, Holinshed and Ireland: Resource and Con-texts"; Andrew Hadfield's "'Hitherto She Ne're Could Fancy Him': Shakespeare's 'British' Plays and the Exclusion of Ireland"; David J. Baker's "Where is Ireland in The Tempest?"; Richard Brown's "'Shakespeare Explained': James Joyce's Shakespeare from Victorian Burlesque to Postmodern Bard"; Jonathan Allison's "W. B. Yeats and Shakespearean Character"; Richard English's "Shakespeare and the Definition of the Irish Nation"; Neil Rhodes's "Bridegrooms to the Goddess: Hughes, Heaney and the Elizabethans"; Beverly E. Schneller's "No Brave Irishman Need Apply: Thomas Sheridan, Shakespeare and the Smock-Alley Theatre"; Michael Cronin's "Rug-Headed Kerns Speaking Tongues: Shakespeare, Translation and the Irish Language"; Andrew Murphy's "'Tish ill done': Henry the Fift and the Politics of Editing"; and Wray's "Shakespeare and the Sectarian Divide: Politics and Pedagogy in (post) Post-Ceasefire Belfast."

Burnham, Michelle. Captivity and Sentiment: Cultural Exchange in American Literature, 1682-1861. Hanover: UP of New England, 1997.

Drawing upon recent insights in historical and cultural criticism, Burnham explores captivity, sentimentality, the novel, and constructions of national identity. Burnham investigates the sentimental work of the captivity narrative in regard to the enduring popular appeal of such narratives by Hannah Dustan and Mary Rowlandson, among others. Additionally, Burnham argues for a broader view of sentimentality that considers the roles of politics and nationhood in its conception.

Burton, Antoinette. At the Heart of the Empire: Indians and the Colonial Encounter in Late-Victorian Britain. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998.

Burton explores the notion of Empire through a study of the lives of three Indian authors: Pandita Ramabai, Cornelia Sorabji, and Behramji Malabari. Using each figure's extensive writings, Burton discusses their conceptions of "Englishness" and imperialism. Burton's accounts of these writers function as critical ethnographies of"native" metropolitan society.

Cadava, Eduardo. Emerson and the Climates of History. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.

Cadava examines a wide range of subjects, from history, religion, and philosophy to horticulture and meteorology, among a host of others. Cadava focuses on Emerson's conceptions of history through the language of weather. In addition to exploring the writer's persistent use of climatic and meteorological metaphors, Cadava argues that Emerson's weather observations are inseparable from his preoccupation with the central historical and political issues of his day.

Camille, Michael. Mirror in Parchment: The Luttrell Psalter and the Making of Medieval England. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997.

Camille discusses the status of visual evidence in historical studies, arguing that we can actually see the past via visual images. Camille offers a close reading of a single medieval manuscript, the richly illuminated Luttrell Psalter, and examines the text's patron, producers, and historical progeny. Camille contends that the psalter represents myriad images of fantastic monsters and beasts that were designed to shape a new reality rather than reflect workaday medieval life.

Canfield, J. Douglas. Tricksters and Estates: On the Ideology of Restoration Comedy. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1997.

Canfield explores the manner in which Restoration comedies employed images of tricksters attempting to gain estates, the emblem, and the reality of power in late medieval England. Canfield argues that tricksters appear in a number of guises, such as heroines, younger brothers, and Cavaliers. Canfield provides readers with a useful cultural history of the era's comedy that contextualizes the plays in terms of the ideological function that they performed in late-seventeenth-century England.

Chandler, James. England in 1819: The Politics of Literary Culture and the Case of Romantic Historicism. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Chandler argues that English Romantic-era writings explicitly engaged with the politics of representation in 1819, particularly the great movement for reform that was fueled by threats of mass emigration to America. This movement, Chandler observes, came to a head in August 1819 via an unprovoked attack on unarmed men, women, and children in St. Peter's Field, Manchester. Dubbed by the English press as "Peterloo," this tragic event was the subject of a variety of Romantic works, for which Chandler provides close readings in his study.

Cheney, Patrick. Marlowe's Counterfeit Profession: Ovid, Spenser, Counter-Nationhood. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1997.

Cheney offers a comprehensive study of Marlowe's corpus, with particular emphasis upon his depictions of evolving nationhood in his works. Cheney devotes special attention to the Ovidian career model around which Marlowe shaped his canon. Cheney argues that Marlowe was the first writer to employ this model - which shifts explicitly from amatory poetry to tragedy and epic - as his own means for narrating early English nationhood.

Cheyette, Bryan, and Laura Marcus, eds. Modernity, Culture, and "the Jew." Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Selections include Cheyette and Marcus's preface; Homi K. Bhabha's "Foreword: Joking Aside: The Idea of a Self-Critical Community"; Cheyette and Marcus's "Introduction: Some Methodological Anxieties"; Ritchie Robertson's "Historicizing Weininger: The Nineteenth-Century German Image of the Feminized Jew"; Eric L. Santner's "My Own Private Germany: Daniel Paul Schreber's Secret History of Modernity"; Daniel Boyarin's "Goyim Naches, or, Modernity and the Manliness of the Mentsh"; Jean Radford's "The Woman and the Jew: Sex and Modernity"; Daniel Pick's "Powers of Suggestion: Svengali and the Fin-de-Siecle"; Ian Patterson's "'The Plan Behind the Plan': Russians, Jews and the Mythologies of Change: The Case of Mary Butts"; Zygmunt Bauman's "Allosemitism: Premodern, Modern, Postmodern"; William Outhwaite's "Hamermas: Modernity as Reflection"; David Feldman's "Was Modernity Good for the Jews?"; Geoffrey Bennington's "Lyotard and 'the Jews'"; Max Silverman's "Re-Figuring 'the Jew' in France"; James E. Young's "The Arts of Jewish Memory in a Postmodern Age"; Tony Kushner's "Remembering to Forget: Racism and Anti-Racism in Postwar Britain"; Gillian Rose's "Beginnings of the Day: Fascism and Representation"; Nancy Wood's "The Victim's Resentments"; Cheyette's "The Ethical Uncertainty of Primo Levi"; and Paul Gilroy's "Afterword: Not Being Inhuman."

Childs, Peter, and R. J. Patrick Williams. An Introduction to Post-Colonial Theory. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1997.

Childs and Williams offer an expansive introduction to postcolonial theory and its principal voices. In addition to addressing the critical positions of such writers as Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak, Childs and Williams investigate postcolonialism's substantial influence upon the direction of literary theory in recent decades. Childs and Williams underscore the interdisciplinary nature of postcolonial theory, arguing for its multicultural accessibility in an era of cultural awareness and literary inclusiveness.

Clarke, I. F. The Great War with Germany, 1890-1914. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 1997.

Clarke's volume includes a selection of prophetic tales about various conflicts with Germany preceding the First World War. In addition to reproducing 37 British and German war extracts, Clarke discusses various textual attempts to forecast the most likely course of a future war in England. Clarke's volume is lavishly illustrated with a wide range of contemporary prints and photographs.

Clegg, Cyndia Susan. Press Censorship in Elizabethan England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Clegg offers a revisionist history of press censorship in the rapidly expanding print culture of the sixteenth century. In addition to establishing the nature and source of various press controls, Clegg discusses their means and effectiveness. Clegg considers the literary and bibliographical evidence of books actually censored and examines them in the literary, religious, political, and economic contexts of their day.

Cohen, Tom. Ideology and Inscription: "Cultural Studies" after Benjamin, de Man, and Bakhtin. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Cohen investigates the ways in which history, ideology, and politics are invoked in contemporary cultural studies. Drawing upon the theoretical insights of Walter Benjamin, Paul de Man, and Mikhail Bakhtin, Cohen argues for a new politics of memory in literary criticism. Cohen also advocates a new approach to the reading and analysis of cultural texts that breaks with the mimetic premises of traditional criticism.

Colebrook, Claire. New Literary Histories: New Historicism and Contemporary Criticism. New York: Manchester UP, 1997.

Using the theoretical insights of such figures as Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel De Certeau, and Stephen Greenblatt, among others, Colebrook maps the history of new historical criticism. In addition to addressing its place in the contemporary theoretical project, Colebrook examines such concepts as archaeology, genealogy, and power. Colebrook features chapters on such additional issues as cultural materialism, ideology, hegemony, and cultural transgression.

Collins, L. J. Theatre at War, 1914-18. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Collins provides a comprehensive study of theatre entertainment and its interconnections with the First World War. Collins maps the social history of English theatre, with particular attention to its role in the lives of England's armed forces and the armies of its allies. Collins devotes special attention to the unofficial governmental role in the theatre through its recruiting activities, propaganda, and the raising of more than 100 million pounds in charitable contributions.

Cooper, Helen, and Sally Mapstone, eds. The Long Fifteenth Century: Essays for Douglas Gray. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

Selections include Cooper's introduction; James Simpson's '"Dysemol daies and fatal houres': Lydgate's Destruction of Thebes and Chaucer's Knight's Tale"; John Burrow's "Hoccleve and the Middle French Poets"; Sally Mapstone's "Kingship and the Kingis Quair"; Helen Phillips's "Frames and Narrators in Chaucerian Poetry"; Eric Stanley's "The Verse Forms of Jon the Blynde Awdelay"; Peter Dronke's "Poetic Originality in The Wars of Alexander"; Helen Cooper's "Counter-Romance: Civil Strife and Father-Killing in the Prose Romances"; Richard Firth Green's "The Ballad and the Middle Ages"; Robert Easting's "' Send thine heart into purgatory': Visionaries of the Other World Robert Easting"; Malcolm Godden's "Fleshly Monks and Dancing Girls: Immorality in the Morality Drama"; Felicity Riddy's "'Abject odious': Feminine and Masculine in Henryson's Testament of Cresseid"; Helen Barr and Kate Ward-Perkins's "'Spekyng for one's sustenance': The Rhetoric of Counsel in Mum and the Sothsegger, Skelton's Bowge of Court, and Elyot's Pasquil the Playne"; Vincent Gillespie's "Justification by Faith: Skelton's Replycacion"; Anne Hudson's "Visio Baleii: An Early Literary Historian"; and Joerg O. Fichte's "A Bibliography of the Published Writings of Douglas Gray."

Corcoran, Neil. After Yeats and Joyce. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Corcoran explores the immense influence of Yeats and Joyce upon the styles, stances, and preoccupations of those writers who succeeded them throughout the twentieth century. Corcoran investigates Yeats's and Joyce's conceptions of the rural and the provincial, as well as their representations of Dublin and the writing of modern Ireland. Corcoran also includes close readings of works by such figures as Samuel Beckett, Elizabeth Bowen, Thomas Kinsella, Kate O'Brien, Seamus Heaney, Mary Lavin, and Roddy Doyle, among others.

Covici, Pascal Jr. Humor and Revelation in American Literature: The Puritan Connection. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1996.

Covici discusses the ways in which the Genteel Tradition and Calvinistic Puritanism exhibited a sense of possessing inside information about the workings of the universe and the intentions of God. Using works by such figures as Mark Twain and Nathaniel Hawthorne, Covici addresses this perspective in the humorous tradition of American literature. Covici contends that American literary works often employ humor as a means for providing readers with sudden forms of religious and cultural enlightenment.

Crafton, Lisa Plummer, ed. The French Revolution Debate in English Literature and Culture. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Selections include John Faulkner's "Burke's Perception of Richard Price"; Patricia Howell Michaelson's "Religion and Politics in the Revolution Debate: Burke, Wollstonecraft, Paine"; Crafton's "The 'Ancient Voices' of Blake's The French Revolution"; Evan Radcliffe's "Arguing Benevolence: Wordsworth, Godwin, and the 1790s"; Lowell T. Frye's "'Great Burke,' Thomas Carlyle, and the French Revolution"; Paul Trolander's "Politics of the Episteme: The Collapse of the Discourse of General Nature and the Reaction to the French Revolution"; Jane Kromm's "Representations of Revolutionary Women in Political Caricature"; and David Bromwich's "Postscript: The French Revolution and Romanticism."

Davidhazi, Peter. The Romantic Cult of Shakespeare: Literary Reception in Anthropological Perspective. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Davidhazi examines the latent religious patterns inherent in the reception of Shakespeare in England, Hungary, and other European countries from 1769 through the 1864 tercentenary of the playwright's birth. Davidhazi surveys verbal and nonverbal manifestations of the romantic "cult" of Shakespeare, demonstrating the appropriation of Shakespeare and his text to be inseparable from various quasi-religious acts of reverence. Davidhazi argues that the cult of Shakespeare functions upon a special discourse sharing interconnections with the psychology of literary pilgrimages, relic worship, and ritual celebrations.

De Looze, Laurence. Pseudo-Autobiography in the Fourteenth Century: Juan Ruiz, Guillaume de Machaut, Jean Froissart, and Geoffrey Chaucer. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1997.

De Looze explores various manifestations of pseudo-autobiography in selected fourteenth-century works. De Looze features close readings of works by Juan Ruiz, Guillaume de Machaut, Jean Froissart, and Geoffrey Chaucer. De Looze also provides an analysis of the ways in which medieval readers received fourteenth-century autobiographical narratives.

Demaray, John G. Shakespeare and the Spectacles of Strangeness: The Tempest and the Transformation of Renaissance Theatrical Forms. Pittsburgh: Duquesne UP, 1998.

Demaray examines The Tempest's unusual character types, enchanted island setting, and mysterious action sequences. In addition to exploring the design, staging allusions, and symbolism inherent in the play, Demaray reconsiders The Tempest's historical and theatrical contexts. Demaray argues that Shakespeare's composition of the play enabled him to forge new forms of experimental drama and traverse diverse theatrical traditions.

Dietrich, Julia. The Old Left: In History and Literature. New York: Twayne, 1995.

Dietrich traces the evolution of American leftism from 1912, when the Greenwich Village magazine Masses underwent a shift toward revolutionary Socialism. In addition to exploring the writings of such figures as Emma Goldman, Max Eastman, John Reed, and Floyd Dell, Dietrich discusses the journal's response to the Russian revolution, the trials of Sacco and Vanzetti, the Spanish revolution, and the various incarnations of the Communist Party in the United States. Dietrich argues that the "old left" loses much of its cultural force after the witch hunts conducted by Joseph McCarthy in the United States Senate.

Dollimore, Jonathan. Death, Desire, and Loss in Western Culture. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Drawing upon works by Joseph Conrad, D. H. Lawrence, and Thomas Mann, Dollimore examines the various depictions of death, desire, and loss in twentieth-century Western culture. Dollimore explores the relationship between death and desire in texts from the early Greeks through the postmodernists. Dollimore argues that these writers' narration of death and desire participates in the making and undoing of the modern individual.

Edwards, P.D. Dickens's "Young Men": George Augustus Sala, Edmund Yates and the Worm of Victorian Journalism. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997.

Edwards investigates Dickens's prodigious influence upon the life and work of George Augustus Sala and Edmund Yates. Edwards considers each writer's personal and literary relationships with Dickens, with each other, and with other writers of their era, particularly Anthony Trollope. Additionally, Edwards demonstrates that Sala and Yates's writings shared in the creation of the "new journalism" that developed in Dickens's literary wake.

Edwards, Philip. Sea-Mark: The Metaphorical Voyage, Spenser to Milton. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 1997.

Edwards discusses the many different functions of the voyage metaphor in the work of several significant sixteenth- and seventeenth-century writers. Edwards devotes particular attention to the enduring debate regarding the ethics of voyaging itself. Edwards also explores depictions of the voyage in works by Spenser and Milton, arguing that its narration underscored their suspicion about the greed and materialism that motivated voyages of exploration and trade during their era.

Foulkes, Richard. Church and Stage in Victorian England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Foulkes offers an expansive account of the interconnections between church and theatre in Victorian England. In addition to reading works by a host of dramatists, including Bulwer Lytton, Charles Reade, and George Bernard Shaw, among others, Foulkes investigates the search for a common culture during the nineteenth century. Foulkes argues that Victorians saw the church and theatre as significant parts of everyday life that reflected the social, economic, and intellectual movements of the era.

Gilmartin, Kevin. Print Politics: The Press and Radical Opposition in Early Nineteenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Gilmartin applies recent insights in contemporary literary criticism in an analysis of the relationship between the political cultures of speech and print. Gilmartin discusses the publication of such early nineteenth-century weeklies as the Republican and the Black Dwarf, significant early sources for radical argument and opinion. Drawing upon such writers as T. J. Wooler, Richard Carlile, and William Hone, Gilmartin considers the radical writings of various early nineteenth-century libertarian writers.

Goldberg, Jonathan. Desiring Women Writing: English Renaissance Examples. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Goldberg attempts to recontextualize women's writing in the English Renaissance by exploring the possibilities available to these writers by virtue of their positions in their culture, as well as through their articulation of a variety of desires. Goldberg discusses the various interconnections between feminine virtue and the canonical status of texts written by several women writers of the period. Additionally, Goldberg offers close readings of works by Aemelia Lanyers, Aphra Behn, Margaret Roper, and Mary Sidney, among others.

Guntner, J. Lawrence, and Andrew M. McLean, eds. Redefining Shakespeare: Literary Theory and Theater Practice in the German Democratic Republic. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1997.

Selections include Guntner's "Introduction: Shakespeare in East Germany: Between Appropriation and Deconstruction"; Armin-Gerd Kuckhoff's "National History and Theater Performance: Shakespeare on the East German Stage, 1945-1990"; Maik Hamburger's "From Goethe to Gestus: Shakespeare into German"; Gunter Klotz's "Shakespeare Contemporized: GDR Shakespeare Adaptations from Bertolt Brecht to Heiner Muller"; Thomas Sorge's "The Sixties: Hamlet's Utopia Come True?"; Anna Naumann's "Dramatic Text and Body Language: GDR Theater in Existential Crisis"; Robert Weimann's "Shakespeare Redefined: A Personal Retrospect"; Interview with Christoph Schroth: "In Search of the Utopian Vision"; Interview with Adolf Dresen: "The Last Remains of the Public Sphere"; Interview with Alexander Lang: "Theater is a Living Process: Asserting Individuality"; Interview with Thomas Langhoff: "Growing Up with Shakespeare: Furthering the Tradition"; Interview with Heiner Mailer: "Like Sleeping with Shakespeare: A Conversation with Heiner Muller and Christa and B. K. Tragelehn; Interview with B. K. Tragelehn: "To Reckon with the Current Society"; Interview with Frank Castorf: "Shakespeare and the Marx Brothers"; Interview with Alexander Weigel: "Theater Was Always Taken Seriously"; Interview with Manfred Wekwerth and Robert Weimann: "Brecht and Beyond"; Interview with Eva Walch: "Gender Makes No Difference"; Interview with Johanna Schall: "The Audiences Now Smell Different"; Interview with Katja Paryla: "Titania a la Marilyn Monroe"; and Interview with Ursula Karusseit: "Politically Minded People."

Halasz, Alexandra. The Marketplace of Print: Pamphlets and the Public Sphere in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Halasz demonstrates the ways in which early modern pamphlets served as important vehicles for examining print culture, particularly the historical entanglement between the technology of print and emerging capitalism. Halasz devotes special attention to the circumstances of pamphlet production and to the various controversies surrounding their circulation, arguing that their publication underscored contemporary anxieties about print culture in general. Using pamphlets by Thomas Nashe, Gabriel Harvey, and Robert Greene, among others, Halasz examines the development of print technology and its early English organization.

Hamilton, Paul. Historicism. London: Routledge, 1996.

Hamilton explores historicism as a critical movement that ranges from ancient Greece through modern times. In addition to analyzing the history, terminology, and interpretive methodology of historical criticism, Hamilton discusses the discipline's principal voices and genres. Hamilton examines the differences between historicism and new historicism, while also providing useful chapters on historicism's intersections with feminism and postcolonialism.

Hamilton, Kristie. America's Sketchbook: The Cultural Life of a Nineteenth. Century Literary Genre. Athens: Ohio UP, 1998.

Hamilton discusses the drama of nineteenth-century cultural life in terms of the sketchbook, itself a genre of particular power and significance in American life. Hamilton features close readings of such works by a variety of figures, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Fanny Fern, Edgar Allan Poe, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Caroline M. Kirkland, Harriet E. Wilson, Herman Melville, and Sarah Bagley. Hamilton's analysis of various nineteenth-century American sketchbooks offers insight into the emergence of America's literary and cultural marketplace.

Hampson, Norman. The Perfidy of Albion: French Perceptions of England During the French Revolution. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Hampson explores the ways in which the French revolution led to a bitter estrangement between England and France. Hampson devotes particular attention to the manner in which each nation initially saw the revolution of 1789 as the harbinger of a new Franco-British partnership. Hampson argues that the revolution actually succeeded in substituting French republican principles for British parliamentary value systems.

Hanssen, Beatrice. Walter Benjamin's Other History: Of Stones, Animals, Human Beings, and Angels. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998.

Hanssen examines the reception and influence of Walter Benjamin's The Origin of German Tragic Drama. In addition to exploring the text's ethical and philosophical dimensions, Hanssen discusses the ways in which Benjamin challenged various idealistic conceptions of historical writing. Hanssen argues that Benjamin's profound critique of historical thought finds its origins in questions about humanity, ethics, and the law.

Harding, Ellen, ed. Re-framing the Pre-Raphaelites: Historical and Theoretical Essays. Aldershot: Scolar, 1995.

Selections include Dianne Sachko Macleod's "The 'Identity' of Pre-Raphaelite Patrons"; Philip McEvansoneya's "The Cosmopolitan Club Exhibition of 1863: The British Salon des Refusals"; Pamela Gerrish Nunn's "A Centre on the Margins"; Colin Trodd's "The Laboured Vision and the Realm of Value: Articulation of Identity in Ford Madox Brown's Work"; Paul Barlow's "Local Disturbances: Ford Madox Brown and the Problem of the Manchester Murals"; Michael Hickox and Christiana Payne's "Sermons in Stones: John Brett's The Stonebreaker Reconsidered"; Jan Marsh's "'For the Wolf or the Babe He is Seeking to Devour?' The Hidden Impact of the American Civil War on British Art"; Alison Smith's "Millais' Knight Errant and the Formation of the English Nude": Susan P. Casteras's "The Unsettled Hearth: P. H. Calderon's 'Lord! They Will be Done' and the Problematics of Women in Victorian Interiors"; Christine Poulson's "Death and the Maiden: The Lady of Shalott and the Pre-Raphaelites"; Colin Cruise's "'Lovely Devils': Simeon Solomon and Pre-Raphaelite Masculinity"; Julie F. Codell's "The Artist Colonized: Holman Hunt's "'Bio-History,' Masculinity, Nationalism and the English School"; Judith Bronkhurst's "Holman Hunt's Picture Frames, Sculpture and Applied Art"; and Stephen Wildman's "Three Pre-Raphaelite 'Cadavres Exquis.'"

Hebron, Malcolm. The Medieval Siege: Theme and Image in Middle English Romance. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Hebron discusses sieges as the popular subjects of medieval romances, particularly evinced by tales of the crusades and the fall of such legendary cities as Troy, Thebes, and Jerusalem. Hebron features close readings of selected Middle English romances that explores such issues as military strategy, heroism, chivalry, and attitudes about history and the past. Hebron argues that these siege narratives reflect the vitality of medieval culture, especially its interest in pageantry, romance, and love poetry.

Hemingway, Andrew, and William Vaughan, eds. Art in Bourgeois Society, 1790-1850. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Selections include Hemingway's Introduction, "Marxism and Art History after the Fall of Communism"; Ann Pullan's "Public Goods or Private Interests?: The British Institution in the Early Nineteenth Century"; Greg Smith's "The Watercolour as Commodity: The Exhibitions of the Society of Painters in Water Colours, 1805-1812"; Kay Dian Kriz's "French Glitter or English Nature?: Representing Englishness in Landscape Painting, c. 1790-1820"; Thomas Gretton's "'Art Is Cheaper and Goes Lower in France': The Language of the Parliamentary Select Committee on the Arts and Principles of Design of 18351836"; Alex Potts's "The Impossible Ideal: Romantic Conceptions of the Parthenon Sculptures in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain and Germany"; Richard Wrigley's "The Class of 89?: Cultural Aspects of Bourgeois Identity in France and in the Aftermath of the French Revolution"; Helen Weston's "Working for a Bourgeois Republic: Prud'hon, Patronage, and the Distribution of Wealth under the Directoire and Consulate"; Andrew C. Shelton's "'Les marchands sont plus que jamais dans le temple': The Revival of Monumental Decorative Painting in France during the July Monarchy (1830-1848)"; Vaughan's "Correcting Friderich (Friedrich): Nature and Society in Post-Napoleonic Germany"; Frank Buttner's "The Frescoes of Peter Cornelius in the Munich Ludwigskirche and Contemporary Criticism"; Werner Busch's "Conservatism and Innovation in Moritz von Schwind"; Francoise Forster-Hahn's "The German Experience of 1848: Imagining the Vormarz, the Revolution, and Its Aftermath"; Alan Wallach's "Long-Term Visions, Short Term Failures: Art Institutions in the United States, 1800-1860"; Patricia Hills's "The American Art-Union as Patron for Expansionist Ideology in the 1840s"; and Angela Miller's "Landscape Taste as an Indicator of Class Identity in Antebellum America."

Highley, Christopher. Shakespeare, Spenser, and the Crisis in Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Highley examines the ways in which writers responded to the decade-long struggle of a coalition of groups in Ireland against English oppression. Drawing from a wide range of literary representations from Shakespeare and Spenser to John Hooker, John Derricke, and George Peele, Highley analyzes the emergence of an ideologically diverse discourse on Ireland. Highley argues that by the end of the sixteenth century Ireland functioned as a problematic element in the imaginative formation of a national and poetic English self.

Hill, John Spencer. Infinity, Faith and Time: Christian Humanism and Renaissance Literature. Montreal: McGill-Queen's UP, 1997.

Hill explores the effects of the concept of spatial infinity on seventeenth-century literature. Drawing upon the works of such writers as Pascal, Traherne, and Milton, Hill argues that the metaphysical cosmology of Nicholas of Cusa provided Renaissance writers with the means for understanding the vastness of space as the symbol of human spiritual potential. Hill analyzes the notion of time in various works by Shakespeare, a writer whose experiments with temporality underscored his interest in the consequences of human existence in time.

Hoagwood, Terence Allan, and Daniel P. Watkins, eds. British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Selections include Hoagwood's "Romantic Drama and Historical Hermeneutics"; Greg Kucich's "'A Haunted Ruin': Romantic Drama, Renaissance Tradition, and the Critical Establishment"; Jeffrey N. Cox's "Ideology and Genre in the British Antirevolutionary Drama of the 1790s"; Kenneth R. Johnston and Joseph Nicholes's "Transitory Actions, Men Betrayed: The French Revolution in the English Revolution in Romantic Drama"; Marjean D. Purinton's "The English Pamphlet War of the 1790s and Coleridge's Osorio"; Watkins's "Scott the Dramatist"; and Suzanne Ferriss's "Percy Bysshe Shelley's The Cenci and the 'Rhetoric of Tyranny.'"

Hoare, Philip. Wilde's Last Stand: Decadence, Conspiracy and the First World War. London: Duckworth, 1997.

Hoare draws upon unpublished manuscripts and documents in this analysis of wartime society at the moment in which the Edwardian era intersected with the emergence of modernism. Hoare devotes particular attention to discussion of the seeds of intolerance and their evolution during early twentieth-century culture. In addition to investigating the trials of Oscar Wilde and their impact upon post-Victorian society, Hoare examines the fierce clash between avant-garde literature and England's right-wing establishment.

Holland, Peter. English Shakespeares: Shakespeare on the English Stage in the 1990s. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Holland discusses a wide range of Shakespearean performances in England during the most recent decade. In addition to exploring a variety of themes and performance issues, Holland offers detailed accounts of the strengths and problems inherent in contemporary English theatre. Holland provides a chronological account of the work of several English companies, including the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal National Theatre, Cheek by Jowl, Northern Broadsides, and the English Shakespeare Company.

Homans, Margaret, and Adrienne Munich, eds. Remaking Queen Victoria. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include Homans and Munich's introduction; Elizabeth Langland's "Nation and Nationality: Queen Victoria in the Developing Narrative of Englishness"; Mary Loeffelholz's "Crossing the Atlantic with Victoria: American Receptions, 1837-1901"; Alison Booth's "Illustrious Company: Victoria Among Other Women in Anglo-American Role Model Antologies": Nicola J. Watson's "Gloriana Victoriana: Victoria and the Cultural Memory of Elizabeth I"; Sharon Aronofsky Weltman's "'Be No More Housewives, But Queens': Queen Victoria and Ruskin's Domestic Mythology"; Maria Jerinic's "How We Lost the Empire: Retelling the Stories of the Rani of Jhansi and Queen Victoria"; Robin L. Bott's "'I Know What is Due To Me': Self-Fashioning and Legitimization in Queen Victoria"; Karen Chase and Michael Levenson's "'I Never Saw a Man So Frightened': The Young Queen and the Parliamentary Bedchamber"; Dagni Bredesen's "The Widdy's Empire: Queen Victoria As Widow in Kipling's Soldier Stories and in the Barrack-Room Ballads"; and Janet Winston's "Queen Victoria in the Funnyhouse: Adrienne Kennedy and the Rituals of Colonial Possession."

Hoppen, K. Theodore. The Mid-Victorian Generation, 1846-1886. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

Hoppen chronicles English history from the repeal of the Corn Laws to the dramatic failure of Gladstone's first Home Rule Bill. Hoppen explores England's

political, economic, scientific, literary, and artistic developments in terms of such issues as the nation's established industrialism and its problematic multiple national identities. Hoppen argues that the nation's literary and cultural efforts during this era culminated in the formation of Britain's public and popular culture.

Hughes, Derek. English Drama, 1660-1700. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.

Hughes offers an expansive reading of all of the surviving plays written and professionally premiered in England between 1660 and 1700. In addition to analyzing many individual texts, Hughes discusses such issues in contemporary theatrical output and constant shifts in theatrical fashion and subject. Hughes also explores the political, intellectual, and social backgrounds of the plays produced during this era, with particular emphasis upon the treatment of women and the contribution of women dramatists.

Hunter, G. K. English Drama, 1586-1642: The Age of Shakespeare. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Hunter examines Elizabethan drama as a genre produced under a variety of contradictory pressures, from heterogeneous audiences, censorious authorities, profit-driven managers, and authors in search of social status. Hunter argues that the power of poetry imbues these contradictory purposes with an intensity and scope that explains the era's motives, aspirations, and evasions. Hunter contends that only by treating the unfamiliar and the distasteful with equal seriousness can scholars understand the role of the familiar in the age of Shakespeare.

James, Heather. Shakespeare's Troy: Drama, Politics, and the Translation of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

James investigates the ways in which Shakespeare appropriates the inheritance and transmission of the Troy legend, arguing that his usage of Virgil, Ovid, and other classical sources demonstrates his interest in borrowing classical authority in order to create a national myth. James distinguishes Shakespeare's appropriation of classical mythology from the "official" Tudor and Stuart political ideologies. Using a variety of Shakespearean plays from Troilus and Cressida and Titus Andronicus to Cymbeline and The Tempest, James contends that Shakespeare's textual appropriations find their origins in his interest in providing England with a sense of historical legitimization.

Jeffrey, David Lyle. People of the Book: Christian Identity and Literary Culture. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.

Jeffrey explores the anarchic impulse as a necessary human condition, arguing that Western literary culture and scripture appropriated such an impulse in the evolution and emergence of the Biblical tradition. Jeffrey features chapters on a range of subjects, from New Testament readings of the Jewish scriptures through the Christian reclamation of pagan classics from the ashes of the Roman Empire. Jeffrey devotes particular attention to addressing the historical purpose of scripture and the nature of the Word.

Jordan, Constance. Shakespeare's Monarchies: Ruler and Subject in the Romances. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1997.

Jordan discusses the ways in which Shakespeare employed his romances as a means for contributing to the cultural debates regarding the nature of monarchy in Jacobean England. Jordan devotes special attention to stressing the differences between absolutist and constitutionalist principles of government. Jordan investigates Shakespeare's investment in the notion that a given head of state should be responsive to law and should not be governed by unbridled will.

Judd, Catherine. Bedside Seductions: Nursing and the Victorian Imagination, 1830-1880. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Judd examines the significance of the nurse in mid-Victorian literary and social history. Using a variety of sources including novels, newspaper articles, and private correspondence, Judd discusses changing perceptions of the nurse during this era and their intersections with such issues as class, gender, and race. Judd's analysis of the nurse in the Victorian imagination also encounters such subjects as public health, the "Woman Question," female heroics, and the construction of middle-class sexuality.

Kahan, Jeffrey. Reforging Shakespeare: The Story of a Theatrical Scandal. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Kahan explores the true story of William-Henry Ireland, the seventeen-year-old boy who fooled the academic world with his Shakespeare forgeries. Ireland's forgeries ranged from legal papers, promissory notes, mortgage deeds, and lost poems to new versions of Hamlet and King Lear, love letters to Jane Hathaway, and even a lock of the playwright's hair. Kahan offers detailed analyses of the manner in which Ireland conducted his forgeries, as well as the ramifications of his activities upon academia.

Kimber, Edward. Itinerant Observations in America. Ed. Kevin J. Hayes. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

This new edition of Kimber's Itinerant Observations in America contains the author's timeless impressions of colonial America. Originally published in the mid-1740s, Kimber imbues his study with poetic imagery of America's towns, buildings, and fortifications. A valuable work of early American historical scholarship, Kimber's narrative captures the ways in which the nation's people, events, and environment function together as the essence of American culture and life.

Krier, Theresa M., ed. Refiguring Chaucer in the Renaissance. Gainesville: UP of Florida, 1998.

Selections include Krier's "Introduction: Receiving Chaucer in Renaissance England"; John Watkins's "'Wrastling For this World': Wyatt and the Tudor Canonization of Chaucer"; Carol A. N. Martin's "Authority and the Defense of Fiction: Renaissance Poetics and Chaucer's House of Fame"; Clare R. Kinney's "Thomas Speght's Renaissance Chaucer and the Solaas of Sentence in Troilus and Criseyde"; Judith H. Anderson's "Narrative Reflections: Re-Envisaging the Poet in The Canterbury Tales and The Faerie Queene"; Craig A. Berry's "'Sundrie Doubts': Vulnerable Understanding and Dubious Origins in Spenser's Continuation of the Squire's Tale"; Glenn Steinberg's "Idolatrous Idylls: Protestant Iconoclasm, Spenser's Daphnaida, and Chaucer's Book of the Duchess"; A. Kent Hieatt's "Room of One's Own for Decisions: Chaucer and The Faerie Queene"; Krier's "The Aim Was Song: From Narrative to Lyric in The Parlement of Foules and Love's Labour's Lost"; and Helen Cooper's "Jacobean Chaucer: The Two Noble Kinsmen and Other Chaucerian Plays."

Lacey, Stephen. British Realist Theatre: The New Wave in its Context, 1956-1965. London: Routledge, 1995.

Lacey examines the advent of the New Wave during the 1950s and its impact upon British realist theatre. Lacey devotes particular attention to an analysis of John Osborne's Look Back in Anger and its dramatic influence on postwar British theatrical history. Lacey argues that the new theatre should be understood in terms of its relationship with other developments in postwar culture and politics, including social science, the novel, and film.

Lerner, Laurence. Angels and Absences: Child Deaths in the Nineteenth Century. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 1997.

Lerner explores the differences between public and private emotions, with particular attention to the role of child deaths in nineteenth-century fiction. Drawing from a variety of examples in the works of such writers as Dickens, Coleridge, Shelley, Flaubert, Mann, and Huxley, among others, Lerner examines the ways in which these authors exploited child death as a means for eliciting a substantial emotional response in their readership. Lerner also discusses the moral and psychosocial implications of narrating child death in literary works.

Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London: Routledge, 1998.

Loomba offers an introductory reference guide to the study of colonialism and postcolonialism. In addition to providing a useful explanation of the terms in question, Loomba's volume provides readers with an overview of colonial discourse and its relationship to literary study. Loomba devotes special attention to the interconnections between feminist thought, sexuality, and postcolonialism.

Loxley, James. Royalism and Poetry in the English Civil Wars: The Drawn Sword. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Loxley investigates the manner in which English literary history has incorporated the category of "Cavalier" verse, as well as the presuppositions that have shaped this category of study. Loxley offers a detailed study of manuscript and printed texts, providing readers with an account of the interaction between poetry and royalist political activity. Loxley demonstrates the ways in which Cavalier poetics exerted a powerful influence over the larger practice of verse production during the 1640s.

Lucas, John. The Radical Twenties: Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture. Nottingham: Five Leaves, 1997.

Lucas provides close readings of works by such figures as D. H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Ivor Gurney, and Patrick Hamilton, among others. Lucas argues that the decade of the 1920s was a time of both political radicalism and of deliberately transgressive behavior, particularly by women. Lucas also explores the political and social import of the decade known variously as the Jazz Age and the "Age of Bright Young Things."

Maertz, Gregory, ed. Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature. Albany: State U of New York P, 1998.

Selections include Maertz's introduction; James Engell's "Romantische Poesie: Richard Hurd and Friedrich Schlegel"; Frederick Burwick's "Romantic Madness: Holderlin, Nerval, Clare"; April Alliston's "Of Haunted Highlands: Mapping a Geography of Gender in the Margins of Europe"; Roberta Johnson's "La Gaviota and Romantic Irony"; Lilian R. Furst's "The Salons of Germaine de Stael and Rahel Varnhagen"; John L. Mahoney's "The Rydal Mount Ladies' Boarding School: A Wordsworthian Episode in America"; Annette Wheeler Cafarelli's "Rousseau and British Romanticism: Women and the Legacy of Male Radicalism"; Kari Lokke's "Silline Leaves: Mary Shelley's Valperga and the Legacy of Corinne"; David C. Hensley's "Richardson, Rousseau, Kant: 'Mystics of Taste and Sentiment' and the Critical Philosophy"; Maertz's "Reviewing Kant's Early Reception in Britain: The Leading Role of Henry Crabb Robinson"; and Marc Katz's "Confessions of an Anti-Poet: Kierkegaard's Either/Or and the German Romantics."

Magnuson, Paul. Reading Public Romanticism. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Magnuson combines the study of aesthetics with historical criticism in an effort to locate Romantic verse within a public discourse that unites politics and aesthetics, nationalism and domesticity, sexuality and morality, and law and legitimacy. Magnuson creates a methodology of close historical readings through his identification of precise versions of poems. In addition to exploring their rhetoric of allusion and quotation, Magnuson studies the poets' public signature or motto, the forms and significance of address used in poems, and the resonances of poetic language and tropes in their various public debates.

Makdisi, Saree. Romantic Imperialism: Universal Empire and the Culture of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Makdisi investigates the emergence of new forms of imperialism and capitalism as part of the culture of modernization in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. In addition to examining the ways in which these new cultural forms were identified and contested by practitioners of Romantic literature, Makdisi argues that the study of international literatures beyond British and European literary forms allows readers to understand more fully the narratives of British Romanticism. Makdisi provides close readings of works by Wordsworth, Blake, Byron, Shelley, and Scott, among others.

Marchitello, Howard. Narrative and Meaning in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Marchitello discusses the various narrative techniques inherent in Renaissance discourse, particularly in works by Shakespeare and Thomas Browne, among others. Marchitello devotes special attention to developments in scientific and technical writing, as well as the relationship between a range of early modern discourses, including cartography, anatomy, and travel writing. Marchitello argues that narrative was employed during the Renaissance as both a mode of discourse and as an epistemology that produced knowledge and dictated the manner in which that knowledge should be understood by readers.

Marsden, Jean I. The Re-Imagined Text: Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Eighteenth-Century Literary Theory. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1995.

Marsden examines the ways in which Restoration and eighteenth-century writers attempted to rewrite and restructure Shakespeare's plays. Marsden offers close readings, for example, of Nahum Tate's outrageous adaptation of King Lear, which including Tate's resoundingly happy ending. Marsden also discusses the more than 50 adaptations of Shakespeare's plays from 1660 to 1777. In each instance, playwrights augmented, substantially cut, or complete rewrote Shakespeare's original plays.

Martz, Louis L. Many Gods and Many Voices: The Role of the Prophet in English and American Modernism. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1998.

Martz examines works by Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, William Carlos Williams, H. D., and D. H. Lawrence in terms of modernism's interest in the prophetic tradition. In addition to offering close readings of Pound's Cantos and Joyce's Ulysses, Martz discusses the role of prophecy in modernist literature. Martz argues that prophecy in modernist works not only pertains to texts that foretell the future, but also to narratives that reform or redeem.

Maslen, R. W. Elizabethan Fictions: Espionage, Counter-Espionage and the Duplicity of Fiction in Early Elizabethan Prose Narratives. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997.

Maslen contends that English writers of prose fiction from the 1550s to the 1570s produced some of the most innovative publications of the sixteenth century. Maslen provides close readings of works by William Baldwin, George Gascoigne, and John Lyly, among others. Maslen discusses the ways in which these writers encountered the Elizabethan censorship system, particularly in response to the perceived threat of Catholic infiltration from Europe.

Matthews, Steven. Irish Poetry: Politics, History, Negotiation: The Evolving Debate, 1969 to the Present. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Matthews offers a genealogy of Irish poetry that examines the political urgency inherent in Seamus Heaney's verse. Additionally, Matthews discusses Heaney's preoccupation with the relationship between poetry, politics, and history. Matthews analyzes the writings of such figures as John Hewitt, Paul Muldoon, John Montague, Thomas Kinsella, Brendan Kennelly, and Ciaron Carson, among others.

McCarthy, Thomas J. Relationships of Sympathy: The Writer and the Reader in British Romanticism. Hampshire: Scolar, 1997.

McCarthy explores the manner in which notions of the self and sympathy became important aspects of British romanticism. McCarthy contends that understanding and emotion have a vital role in contemporary studies of romantic literature and culture. McCarthy examines the ways in which sympathy interconnects with self-expressive writing and the psychological interpretation that such writing produces.

McColley, Diane Kelsey. Poetry and Music in Seventeenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

McColley examines the relationship between the poetic language of Donne, Herbert, Milton, and host of other British poets. In addition to discussing the choral music and songs of a variety of British composers, McColley explores the seventeenth century as time in English literary history when music was self-consciously associated with words. McColley offers close readings of poems and the musical settings of analogous texts, as well as the philosophy, performance, and disputed political and ecclesiastical implications of polyphony.

McDonald, Peter D. British Literary Culture and Publishing Practice, 1880-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

McDonald examines the radical transformation of British literary culture from 1880 to 1914. Using works by such figures as Joseph Conrad, Arnold Bennet, and Arthur Conan Doyle, McDonald discusses the cultural politics inherent in the period. McDonald demonstrates that the discursive qualities of their texts cannot be fully appreciated without understanding the material conditions of their production. Merians, Linda E., ed. The Secret Malady: Venereal Disease in Eighteenth-Century Britain and France. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1997.

Selections include Merians's introduction; Susan P. Conner's "The Pox in Eighteenth-Century France"; Kathryn Norberg's "From Courtesan to Prostitute: Mercenary Sex and Venereal Disease, 1730-1802"; Roy Porter's "'Laying Aside Any Private Advantage': John Marten and Venereal Disease"; Philip K. Wilson's "Exposing the Secret Disease: Recognizing and Treating Syphilis in Daniel Turner's London"; Marie E. McAllister's "John Burrows and the Vegetable Wars"; Mary Margaret Stewart's "'And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse': Syphilis and Wives"; Barbara J. Dunlap's "The Problem of Syphilitic Children in Eighteenth-Century France and England"; Merians's "The London Lock Hospital and the Lock Asylum for Women"; Betty Rizzo's "Decorums"; N. F. Lowe's "The Meaning of Venereal Disease in Hogarth's Graphic Art"; Rose A. Zimbardo's "Satiric Representation of Venereal Disease: The Restoration versus the Eighteenth-Century Model"; Leon Guilhamet's "Pox and Malice: Some Representations of Venereal Disease in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Satire"; April London's "Avoiding the Subject: The Presence and Absence of Venereal Disease in the Eighteenth-Century English Novel"; Diane Fourny's "Job's Curse and Social Degeneracy in Retif de la Bretonne's Le Paysan Perverti"; and Julie Candler Hayes's "Contagion and Containment: Sade and the Republic of Letters."

Mongia, Padmini. Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A Reader. London: Arnold, 1996.

Selections include an excerpt from Edward Said's Orientalism; Homi Bhabha's "The Other Question"; Kwame Anthony Appiah's "Is the Post- in Postmodernism the Post- in Postcolonial?"; Stephen Slemon's "Unsettling the Empire: Resistance Theory for the Second World"; Benita Parry's "Resistance Theory/Theorizing Resistance, or Two Cheers for Nativism"; Stuart Hall's "Cultural Identity and Diaspora"; Rey Chow's "Where Have All the Natives Gone?"; Barbara Christian's "The Race for Theory"; Biodun Jeyifo's "The Nature of Things: Arrested Decolonization and Critical Theory"; Chandra Talpade Mohanty's "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses"; Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's "Poststructuralism, Marginality, Postcoloniality and Value"; Dipesh Chakrabarty's "Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for 'Indian' Pasts?"; Paul Gilroy's "'The Whisper Wakes, the Shudder Plays': 'Race,' Nation and Ethnic Absolutism"; Aijaz Ahmad's "The Politics of Literary Postcoloniality"; Arif Dirlik's "The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism"; Ella Shohat's "Notes on the PostColonial"; Sara Suleri's "Woman Skin Deep: Feminism and the Postcolonial Condition"; Ruth Frankenberg and Lata Mani's "Crosscurrents, Crosstalk: Race, 'Postcoloniality' and the Politics of Location"; and Rosemary Jolly's "Rehearsals of Liberation: Contemporary Postcolonial Discourse and the New South Africa."

Moore-Gilbert, Bart. Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics. London: Verso, 1997.

Moore-Gilbert offers an introductory study of postcolonialism, arguing that its value as an interpretive mode is beset by a variety of problems regarding its capacity for engaging the relationships between nation, culture, and ethnicity. Moore-Gilbert draws upon the insights of such theorists as Derrida, Lacan, and Foucault in his assessment of the interconnections between postcolonial literature and postcolonial criticism. Moore-Gilbert explores the interpretive successes of postcolonial criticism and includes chapters on Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha.

Morus, Iwan Rhys. Frankenstein's Children: Electricity, Exhibition, and Experiment in Early-Nineteenth-Century London. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Morus discusses early nineteenth-century London after the advent of electricity. Morus examines the ways in which electrical culture was integrated into a new machine-dominated, consumer society. In addition to exploring the interconnections between scientific lecturing, laboratory research, telegraphic communication, and patent conventions, Morus analyzes electricity's place in the history of science and nineteenth-century English life.

Mulryne, J. R., and Margaret Shewring, eds. Shakespeare's Globe Rebuilt. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include Mulryne and Shewring's "The Once and Future Globe"; Andrew Gurr's "Shakespeare's Globe: A History of Reconstructions and Some Reasons for Trying"; John Orrell's "Designing the Globe: Reading the Documents"; Simon Blatherwick's "The Archaeological Evaluation of the Globe Playhouse"; Jon Greenfield's "Design as Reconstruction/Reconstruction as Design"; Greenfield's "Timber Framing, the Two Bays, and After"; John Ronayne's "Totus Mundus Agit Histrionem: The Interior Decoration Scheme of the Bankside Globe"; Siobhan Keenan and Peter Davidson's "The Iconography of the Bankside Globe"; Gurr's "Staging at the Globe"; Mark Rylance's "Playing the Globe: Artistic Policy and Practice"; and Mulryne's "Selected Documents from the Elizabethan Playhouse."

Murphy, James H. Catholic Fiction and Social Reality in Ireland, 1873-1922. Westport: Greenwood, 1997.

Murphy's study of the place and significance of Catholic fiction in Ireland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries addresses such subjects as economics, sociology, and the nature of respectability. Murphy devotes particular attention to the interconnections between social class and Catholicism's impact upon Irish life. Murphy also discusses the discourses of defeat and identity in Irish Catholic fictions by such figures as Kickham, Guinan, and Sheehan, among others.

Nagy, Joseph Falaky. Conversing with Angels and Ancients: Literary Myths of Medieval Ireland. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1997.

Nagy explores the central of two types of dialogue - conversing with angels and ancients - in the early medieval Irish literature published between the seventh and thirteenth centuries. Nagy devotes particular attention to addressing the ideological milieu of that era's culture, arguing that many works of Irish scripture published during this period ensured the creation of Ireland's literate culture. Nagy contends that conversing with angels and ancients confronts readers and writers with meaningful cultural signs in the form of texts, landmarks, and other icons of medieval Ireland.

Nair, Supriya. Caliban's Curse: George Lamming and the Revisioning of History. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1996.

Nair investigates the significant role of history in the fictions of Barbadian novelist George Lamming. Nair traces the themes of history and revolution in such Lamming novels as In the Castle of My Skin, The Pleasures of Exile, and The Emigrants, among others. Additionally, Nair contextualizes Lamming's works within the discourses of nationalism and identity.

Newbury, Michael. Figuring Authorship in Antebellum America. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.

Newbury considers the ways in which an increased demand for salable entertainment during moments of leisure in antebellum America let to a new consciousness about authorship as commercial and professional mode of work. Newbury contends that this new era of enfranchised antebellum authors constructed new rhetorical forms for their narratives. Newbury offers a variety of close readings in his study, including analyses of novels by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Fanny Fern, among others.

Newsome, David. The Victorian Worm Picture. London: Routledge, 1997.

Newsome explores the character of the Victorian age and analyzes what distinguishes it from other significant eras in English cultural and literary history. Newsome devotes particular attention to addressing the ways in which the Victorians perceived themselves and their artistic and social accomplishments. Newsome provides close readings of works by Dickens, Carlyle, Eliot, Arnold, Ruskin, Southey, and Wordsworth, among others.

O Ciosain, Niall. Print and Popular Culture in Ireland, 1750-1850. London: Macmillan, 1997.

O Ciosain examines popular print culture in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Ireland. In addition to exploring the ways in which readers received early tales of knights, heroes, and highwaymen, O Ciosain analyzes such divergent topics as the origins of the modern Orange ritual and the relationship between literacy, printing, and languages. O Ciosain also considers the ways in which modern scholars have described and interpreted popular print culture in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Ireland.

O'Neill, Michael. Romanticism and the Self-Conscious Poem. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.

O'Neill explores the literary phenomenon of the "self-conscious poem" and its significance to the Romantic canon. Using works by Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats, O'Neill analyzes the function and anxiety of self-conscious Romantic poetry. O'Neill devotes additional attention to the manner in which later poets, such as Stevens, Yeats, and Auden, examine the aesthetic and imaginative value of Romanticism.

Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Palmer discusses the ways in which Dickens focuses throughout his work upon the definition, composition, and democratization of the process of writing history. Drawing upon recent historical insights from Michel Foucault, Mikhail Bakhtin, Hayden White, and Dominick LaCapra, Palmer explores the manner in which Dickens characterizes the marginal voices of the Victorian age. Palmer also demonstrates Dickens's usage of philosophical, economic, and literary history as generators of plot, theme, and character in his novels.

Perry, Curtis. The Making of Jacobean Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Perry examines the cultural transformation between Elizabethan and Jacobean England. In addition to discussing the decisions and assumptions of the ages' writers, Perry explores the ways in which these artists responded to the coronation of a new king. Perry assesses Elizabethan expectations regarding James I as evinced by a variety of texts published between 1603 and 1613.

Peyer, Bernd C. The Tutor'd Mind: Indian Missionary-Writers in Antebellum America. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1997.

Peyer addresses the Native American writer and the colonial situation in the study of the literary culture of antebellum America. Peyer devotes special attention to addressing the roles of Native American missionary-writers as "forest diplomats," "praying Indians," and "savage scholars" who shared in colonial America's intellectual beginnings. Peyer also examines the transition of American Indian literature from an era of salvationism to modernity.

Pfau, Thomas. Wordsworth's Profession: Form, Class, and the Logic of Early Romantic Cultural Production. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.

Pfau discusses Wordsworth's professionalization as a writer in relation to the cultural and economic ascendancy of the English middle class between 1740 and 1820. Pfau argues that Romanticism's aesthetic forms provided the middle classes with an imaginary furlough from a self-conscious recognition of their tenuous socioeconomic status. Pfau offers close readings of various works by Wordsworth, as well as by Wollstonecraft, Blake, Godwin, and Coleridge, among others.

Pickering, Michael. History, Experience, and Cultural Studies. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.

Pickering examines the various issues and positions that have led to the current impasse between social history and cultural theory. Pickering devotes special attention to the notion of "experience" and provides a reappraisal of a variety of significant points of historical inquiry, including critical hermeneutics, historiography, and cultural and social theory. Pickering addresses the theoretical insights of a variety of cultural critics, including Raymond Williams, Wilhelm Dilthey, and Joan Scott.

Purkiss, Diane. The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representation. London: Routledge, 1996.

Purkiss discusses the image of the witch as an historical phenomenon in various literary works from the early modern era through the present. Drawing upon early court records, early modern dramas, and various modern histories, Purkiss argues that the witch once functioned as a women's fantasy, as well as a masculine nightmare. Using a range of texts from Shakespeare to Sylvia Plath, Purkiss demonstrates the ways in which the witch existed as a metaphor for the fears, desires, and fantasies of men and women during the early modern era and in the present.

Rajan, Tilottama, and Julia M. Wright, eds. Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Selections include Jon Klancher's "Godwin and the Genre Reformers: On Necessity and Contingency in Romantic Narrative Theory"; Kevin Gilmartin's "Radical Print Culture in Periodical Form"; Gary Handwerk's "History, Trauma, and the Limits of the Liberal Imagination: William Godwin's Historical Fiction"; Ina Ferris's "Writing on the Border: The National Tale, Female Writing, and the Public Sphere"; Don Bialostosky's "Genres from Life in Wordsworth's Art: Lyrical Ballads 1798"; Judith Thompson's "'A Voice in the Representation': John Thelwall and the Enfranchisement of Literature"; Wright's "'I Am Ill-Fitted': Conflicts of Genre in Elisa Fenwick's Secresy"; Jerrold E. Hogle's "Frankenstein as Neo-Gothic: From the Ghost of the Counterfeit to the Monster of Abjection"; Rajan's "Autonarration and Genotext in Mary Hays's Memoirs of Emma Courtney"; Mary Jacobus's '"The Science of Herself': Scenes of Female Enlightenment"; and Jerome J. McGann's "The Failures of Romanticism."

Raymond, Joad. The Invention of the Newspaper: English Newsbooks, 16411649. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996.

Raymond addresses the historical implications of the first weekly newspapers, or "newsbooks," which appeared in 1541. Raymond provides an interdisciplinary account of the origins and early development of the English newspaper, with particular attention to manuscript and printed evidence that date the first newspapers' appearance to just before the English civil war. Raymond argues that these early newspapers were widely read and highly influential, even affecting the manner in which contemporary scholars perceive seventeenth-century history.

Revard, Stella P. Milton and the Tangles of Neaera's Hair: The Making of the 1645 Poems. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1997.

Revard traces the publication and reception history of Milton's 1645 Poems, the volume that included such legendary works as "L'Allegro," "Il Penseroso," "Lycidas," and the mask Comus. Revard addresses the debt of both English and Latin poetry to the neo-Latin anti vernacular traditions of the Continental Renaissance. Revard devotes special attention to Milton's implicit attention in the volume to balance the political and cultural requirements of his verse.

Richey, Esther Gilman. The Politics of Revelation in the English Renaissance. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1998.

Richey examines the seventeenth-century debate over the interpretation of the apocalypse. Using the works of such writers as Donne, Herbert, and Vaughan, Richey develops a historical context that allows her to recover the prophetic details of these artists' postulation of an impending apocalypse. Richey argues that these writers employed their verse as a means for participating in the volatile and divisive debate over the nature and validity of the apocalypse.

Salmon, Richard. Henry James and the Culture of Publicity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Salmon investigates the relationship between the writings of Henry James and the historical emergence of mass culture. Salmon explores James's interest throughout his career in addressing such modern cultural forms as advertising, biography, and the New Journalism. Salmon situates James's fiction and criticism within the context of the contemporary debates surrounding these divergent critical practices.

San Juan, E., Jr. Beyond Postcolonial Theory. New York: St. Martin's 1998.

San Juan argues that acts of resistance and subversion people of color are central to the emerging dialogue between postcolonialism and Western hegemony. Conversely, San Juan contends that postcolonialism often veils racism and exploitation despite its reputation as an egalitarian literary form and mode of literary interpretation. In his study, San Juan employs the insights of Rigoberta Menchu, C. L. R. James, and intellectuals from Africa, Latin America, and Asia.

Sautman, Francesca Canade, Diana Conchado, and Giuseppe Carlo Di Scipio, eds. Telling Tales: Medieval Narratives and the Folk Tradition. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Selections include the editors' Introduction, "Texts and Shadows: Traces, Narratives, and Folklore"; John McNamara's "Problems in Contextualizing Oral Circulations of Early Medieval Saints' Legends"; Jeffrey Jerome Cohen's "The Order of Monsters: Monster Lore and Medieval Narrative Tradition"; Philippe Walter's "Myth and Text in the Middle Ages: Folklore as Literary 'Source'"; Leslie Abend Callahan's "Ambiguity and Appropriation: The Story of Judith in Medieval Narrative and Iconographic Traditions"; Jacques Berlioz's "Infernal Visions and Border Conflicts: Two Tales from the Fifteenth-Century Recull de eximplis e miracles"; J. Michael Stitt's "Ambiguity in the Battle of Thorr and Hrungnir"; Madeleine Jeay's "Sanguine Inscriptions: Mythic and Literary Aspects of a Motif in Chretien de Troyes's Conte du Graal"; Bonnie D. Irwin's "Framed (for) Murder: The Corpse Killed Five Times in the Thousand Nights and a Night"; Edina Bozoky's "Saints, Legends, and Charms"; Di Scipio's "Saint Paul and Popular Traditions"; Joseph Falaky Nagy's "The Middle-Aged Life of Adamnan"; Sautman's "A Troubled History: Folklore and Competing Texts in Baudouin de Sebourc, a Fourteenth-Century Chanson de Geste"; Carl Lindahl's "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Myth in Its Time"; and Catherine Velay-Vallantin's "From 'Little Red Riding Hood' to the 'Beast of Gevaudan': The Tale in the Long Term Continuum."

Schmitt, Cannon. Alien Nation: Nineteenth-Century Gothic Fictions and English Nationality. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1997.

Schmitt examines the roles of sexuality, chaos, confusion, and terror in the discourse of Gothic fiction. Schmitt surveys the conventions of Gothic literature and the manner in which they gave shape to a sense of English nationality during the British Empire's greatest era of expansion. Schmitt offers close readings of works by Ann Radcliffe, Thomas De Quincey, and Bram Stoker, among others.

Schueller, Malini Johar. U.S. Orientalisms: Race, Nation, and Gender in Literature, 1790-1890. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1998.

Schueller offers an analysis of the nineteenth-century American discourses that helped shape our understanding of nationhood, particularly evinced by the discourses for addressing the three "Orients" - the Barbary Orient, the Orient of Egypt, and the Orient of India. Schueller argues that contemporary conceptions of the East can be understood as modern manifestations of earlier American visions of the Orient. Schueller provides close readings of works by such figures as Royall Tyler, Susanna Rowson, Washington Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, and Harriet Prescott Spofford, among others.

Seelig, Sharon Cadman. Generating Texts: The Progeny of Seventeenth-Century Prose. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1996.

Seelig challenges conventional notions of genre through her analysis of parallels between seventeenth-century prose works that confound existing categories. Using works by Burton, Sterne, Thoreau, Donne, and T. S. Eliot, among others, Seelig addresses the influence of various seventeenth-century prose works upon their textual inheritors. Seelig argues that these parallels offer a particular means of perceiving the world through authorial attitude, impulse, and occasion.

Sha, Richard C. The Visual and Verbal Sketch in British Romanticism. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1998.

Sha discusses the role of rough visual and verbal sketches in the cultural emergence of Romanticism. Sha explores the various implications of sketching in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century culture. Using a range of works by such figures as Austen, Gilpin, Wordsworth, and Byron, Sha demonstrates the manner in which sketching became a means for women to define "proper" conceptions of femininity.

Shurgot, Michael W. Stages of Play: Shakespeare's Theatrical Energies in Elizabethan Performance. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1998.

Shurgot explores two historical and cultural assumptions about Shakespeare: that Shakespeare wrote scripts for actors and audiences, not texts for readers; and that we can best appreciate how Shakespeare's scripts create dramatic meaning by visualizing their theatrical performance. Shurgot argues that the plays' performance make audience reaction a significant aspect of the works' intended dramatic effect. In addition to an initial chapter the examines the "theatrical energies" inherent in the script of The Taming of the Shrew, Shurgot contends that we should read Shakespeare's works as plays before attempting to understand them as social or cultural documents.

Simpson, Michael. Closet Performances: Political Exhibition and Prohibition in the Dramas of Byron and Shelley. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1998.

Simpson discusses the closet dramas composed by Byron and Shelley between 1816 and 1823. Simpson argues that these dramas reveal a literary phenomenon deeply embedded in contemporary radical culture. In addition to addressing the reasons behind the composition of these dramas, Simpson explores the relationship between literature and drama, as well as between literature and political culture.

Sinfield, Alan. Literature, Politics, and Culture in Postwar Britain. London: Athlone, 1997.

This updated edition of Sinfield's well-received 1989 study extends his study of cultural criticism through the balance of the 1990s. Sinfield provides an historical account of political change since 1945, as well as a political approach to the literary and other means of cultural production that has been a vehicle for the aforementioned change. Sinfield addresses English literature's intersections with a variety of other disciplines and genres, including jazz and rock music, television, journalism, commercial and mass cultures, and the rapidly growing cultural authority of the United States.

Speck, W. A. Literature and Society in Eighteenth-Century England: Ideology, Politics, and Culture, 1680-1820. London: Longman, 1998.

Speck discusses the interaction between ideology and literature during the eighteenth century. Drawing on works by writers from Swift to Austen, Speck offers a wide-ranging study of the ideology, politics, and culture that shaped the literature of the era. Speck also devotes attention to the popular newspapers, pamphlets and sermons of the day, as well as to the works of such artists and caricaturists as Hogarth, Gillray, and Rowlandson, among others.

Standage, Tom. The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth-Century's On-Line Pioneers. New York: Walker, 1998.

Standage assesses the social, cultural, and historical implications of the invention of the electric telegraph. Standage addresses a range of significant figures, from Jean-Antoine Nollet and Samuel F. B. Morse, through the extraordinary accomplishments of Thomas Edison. Standage devotes special attention to the manner in which the telegraph revolutionized the ways in which Victorians communicated and transformed creative practices as well.

Stevenson, Kay Gilliland, and Margaret Seares. Paradise Lost in Short: Smith, Stillingfleet, and the Transformation of Epic. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Stevenson and Seares trace the history of early adaptations of Milton's Paradise Lost for the musical stage. Stevenson and Seares reproduce the full text of the 1760 oratorio along with several useful examples and a survey of the text's musical score. Stevenson and Seares argue that adaptations of the epic - by recasting it into yet another form - offer useful artistic and cultural evidence about the resources and constraints of generic expectations.

Stoddart, Judith. Ruskin's Culture Wars: Fors Clavigera and the Crisis of Victorian Liberalism. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1998.

Stoddart assesses Ruskin's remarks throughout the late nineteenth century in opposition to the abstract theoretical musings of his day. Stoddart offers a close reading of Ruskin's Fors Clavigera, his collection of monthly letters published over a period of thirteen years, as well as his venue for providing his readers with a model of critical discourse as a living, material process. By reconstructing the intellectual climate in which the text was produced, Stoddart underscores the sense of cultural crisis that informed Ruskin's composition of Fors Clavigera.

Sussman, Henry. The Aesthetic Contract: Statutes of Art and Intellectual Work in Modernity. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.

Sussman offers an overview and critique of the conventions surrounding artistic creativity and intellectual endeavor during the early modernist era. Sussman defines a "broader modernity" as the beginning of the decline of feudalism and the Church. Drawing upon the lives and work of Luther, Calvin, Shakespeare, and Kant, Sussman reconstructs the evolution in creative activity that culminated in modernity.

Swingewood, Alan. Cultural Theory and the Problem of Modernity. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Swingewood offers a comprehensive account of the various sociological theories regarding culture. In addition to addressing a range of contributions to contemporary cultural theory, Swingewood discusses Marxist contributions from Gramsci, the Frankfurt School, and Raymond Williams, among others. Swingewood also explores such concepts as hegemony and cultural materialism in his study of cultural theory.

Tate, Trudi. Modernism, History, and the First World War. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998.

Tate examines the relationship between modernist fiction, the First World War, and cultural history. Using works by Ford Madox Ford, D. H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf, among others, Tate explores the distinction between witnessing and seeing, as well as the personal relationship to history evinced by a host of modernist narratives. Tate demonstrates the manner in which the advent of the First World War challenged modernist writers to find their way through the ensuing fog of ignorance, fear, confusion, and lies.

Thompson, E. P. The Romantics: England in a Revolutionary Age. New York: New, 1997.

In the final, posthumous installment of his three-volume study, Thompson addresses the interaction between politics and literature at the onset of the modern age. Using works by Wordsworth, Coleridge, Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft, among others, Thompson offers an analysis of the culture and comparative politics inherent in the Romantic era Thompson traces the various intellectual influences that shaped the English Romantic movement, with particular emphasis upon such issues as paternalism, authoritarianism, and respect for tradition.

Thompson, N. S. Chaucer, Boccaccio, and the Debate of Love: A Comparative Study of The Decameron and The Canterbury Tales. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996.

Thompson offers an expansive discussion regarding the two most popular medieval collections and framed narratives. Thompson identifies the internal dynamics inherent in each text and explores their similarities in terms of literature, authority, and authorship. Thompson also examines The Decameron and The Canterbury Tales in terms of their literary diversity, their textual shape, and their discussion of literature and its autonomy as an artistic construct.

Thoms, Peter. Narrative and Power in Nineteenth-Century Detective Fiction. Athens: Ohio UP, 1998.

Thoms argues that some of the most significant nineteenth-century works of detective fiction not only helped to establish the genre, but also to subvert its structural conventions as well. Using works by Godwin, Poe, Dickens, Collins, and Conan Doyle, Thoms contends that the detective's figurative writing emerges out of a desire to exert control over others and occasionally over himself. Additionally, Thoms reveals the manner in which early detective fiction grapples with the very issue of storytelling itself.

Tomasch, Sylvia, and Selay Gilles, eds. Text and Territory: Geographical Imagination in the European Middle Ages. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1998.

Selections include Tomasch's Introduction, "Medieval Geographic Desire"; Mary Baine Campbell's "'Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita': The Palpability of Purgatorio"; Iain Macleod Higgins's "Defining the Earth's Center in Medieval 'Multi-Text': Jerusalem in The Book of John Mandeville"; Scott D. Westrem's "Against Gog and Magog"; Gilles's "Territorial Interpolations in the Old English Orosius"; Robert M. Stein's "Making History English: Cultural Identity and Historical Explanation in William of Malmesbury and Lazamon's Brut"; Christine Chism's "Too Close for Comfort: Dis-Orienting Chivalry in the Wars of Alexander"; Jo Ann McNamara's "City Air Makes Men Free and Women Bound"; Margaret Clunies Ross's "Land-Taking and Text-Making in Medieval Iceland"; Gale Sigal's "Courted in the Country: Woman's Precarious Place in the Troubadours' Lyric Landscape"; Vincent A. Lankewish's "Assault from Behind: Sodomy, Foreign Invasion, and Masculine Identity in the Roman d'Eneas"; Tomasch's "Judecca, Dante's Satan, and the Dis-placed Jew"; and Kathleen Biddick's "The ABC of Ptolemy: Mapping the World with the Alphabet."

Tremper, Ellen. "Who Lived at Alfoxton": Virginia Woolf and English Romanticism. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Tremper explores Woolf's debt to English Romanticism, particularly Wordsworth, and situates the modernist writer in the cultural context of the early twentieth century. Tremper argues that in terms of politics and aesthetics Woolf shared the value systems of early Western European democrats. Using the writer's short stories, essays, and novels, Tremper addresses Woolf's allegiance to the ordered and shaped transcription of chaotic reality that helped define her "Romantic" modernism.

Tudeau-Clayton, Margaret. Jonson, Shakespeare, and Early Modern Virgil. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Tudeau-Clayton explores the ways in which Virgil and his texts were reconfigured by writers during the early modern era. Drawing upon the works of Ben Jonson and Shakespeare's The Tempest, Tudeau-Clayton argues that writers appropriated Virgil as a model of cultural and sociological political resistance. Tudeau-Clayton also compares the appropriation of Virgil during the Elizabethan era with Shakespeare's cultural appropriation from the early modernist era through the present.

Walsh, Marcus. Shakespeare, Milton, and Eighteenth-Century Literary Editing: The Beginnings of Interpretive Scholarship. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Walsh investigates the first developments in the editing of English literary texts during the eighteenth century. Additionally, Walsh explores the theoretical and interpretive bases of eighteenth-century literary editing. In addition to providing extensive analyses of Shakespearean and Miltonic commentary and editing, Walsh examines the ways in which the work of pioneering editors and commentators such Patrick Hume and Zachary Pearce was based on clearly articulated theories of textual criticism.

Waters, Catherine. Dickens and the Politics of the Family. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997.

Waters assesses the fictional representation of the family in Dickens's immense textual corpus. Waters identifies a remarkable disjunction between Dickens's image as the quintessential novelist of the family and his interest in depicting dysfunctional and fractured families. Waters uses feminist and historical critical modes in her study of the family during Dickens's era as a new ideal of domesticity.

Weber, Ronald. Hired Pens: Professional Writers in America's Golden Age of Print. Athens: Ohio UP, 1997.

Weber explores the lives and work of the independent professional writers who emerged in America during the 1830s and 1840s, as well as those writers who flourished during the great age of print that began following the Civil War and continued well into the 1960s. Weber traces the history of a literary marketplace that includes novels, poetry, gift annuals, story papers, general-circulation magazines, dime novels, pulp and slick magazines, newspaper syndicates, and paperback originals. Weber also offers close readings of works by Lydia H. Sigourney, Ann S. Stevens, Fanny Fern, Gail Hamilton, Upton Sinclair, Mary Roberts Rinehart, and Jack London, among others.

Wechselblatt, Martin. Bad Behavior: Samuel Johnson and Modern Cultural Authority. Cranbury: Associated UP, 1998.

Wechselblatt discusses Samuel Johnson's double professional self-construction as both an Augustan sage and as a Grub Street hack, as well as the exemplary "Dr. Johnson." Wechselblatt investigates the reasons why so many readers and critics have read Johnson in terms of the material conditions of modern authority expressed by their self-reflections of him both as sage and as hack writer. Wechselblatt contextualizes Johnson's work within an historical and sociological model, arguing that the writer's double self-construction allowed him to shift between learned and commercial cultures in an emerging public sphere of contemporary civil society.

Wiley, Michael. Romantic Geography: Wordsworth and Anglo-European Spaces. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Wiley constructs a portrait of Wordsworth as a writer who engages fully with the political and social concerns of post-French Revolutionary England. Wiley creates a new model of Wordsworth as a figure of Romantic displacement. Additionally, Wiley addresses the ways in which eighteenth-century social and political groups contested spaces through maps, travel literature, topographical descriptions, and other geographical writings.

Williams, Keith, and Steven Matthews, eds. Rewriting the Thirties: Modernism and After. London: Longman, 1997.

Selections include the editors' introduction; Valentine Cunningham's "The Age of Anxiety and Influence; or, Tradition and the Thirties Talents"; Peter Marks's "Illusion and Reality: The Spectre of Socialist Realism in Thirties Literature"; Marion Shaw's "'Alien Experiences': Virginia Woolf, Winifred Holtby, and Vera Brittain in the Thirties"; Stan Smith's "Remembering Bryden's Bill: Modernism from Eliot to Auden"; Peter McDonald's "Believing in the Thirties"; Matthews's "'A Marvellous Drama Out of Life': Yeats, Pound, Bunting, and Villon at Rapallo"; Simon Dentith's "Thirties Poetry and the Landscape of Suburbia"; Andy Croft's "Politics and Beauty: The Poetry of Randall Swingler"; Steve Nicholson's "'Irritating Tricks': Aesthetic Experimentation and Political Theatre"; Williams's "Post/Modern Documentary: Orwell, Agee, and the New Reportage"; Jeffrey Richards's "Modernism and the People: The View from the Cinema Stalls"; and Lynette Hunter's "Blood and Marmalade: Negotiations between the State and the Domestic in George Orwell's Early Novels."

Wilton, Andrew, and Robert Upstone, eds. The Age of Rossetti, Burne-Jones, and Watts: Symbolism in Britain, 1860-1910. London: Flammarion, 1997.

Selections include Wilton's "Symbolism in Britain"; Christopher Newall's "Themes of Love and Death in Aesthetic Paining of the 1860s"; MaryAnne Stevens's "Symbolism: A French Monopoly?"; Barbara Bryant's "G. F. Watts and the Symbolist Vision"; and Upstone's "Symbolism in Three Dimensions."

Worden, Blair. The Sound of Virtue: Philip Sidney's Arcadia and Elizabethan Politics. New Haven: Yale UP, 1996.

Worden argues that Sidney's Arcadia functioned as a grave and urgent commentary on Elizabethan politics. Worden specifically addresses Sidney's work as a searching reflection on the misgovernment of Elizabeth I and the failings of monarchy as a governmental system. In addition to reconstructing the dramatic events in which the volume was composed, Worden offers a new approach to the relationship between the history and literature of the Renaissance.

Yoder, Edwin M. The Historical Present: Uses and Abuses of the Past. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1997.

Yoder investigates the manner in which writers appropriate the historical past for their explicit literary purposes. Yoder features analysis of William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, arguing that readers and critics must revaluate the historical and sociological implications of his novels. Yoder also devotes attention to the ways in which progenitors of the Oxford movement chose to reconfigure the past in order to satisfy various political ends.

Zwicker, Steven N. The Cambridge Companion to English Literature, 1650-1740. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Zwicker provides an account of English literary culture during one of its most volatile political moments. Using works by Dryden, Rochester, and Behn, among others, Zwicker discusses the pressures and extremes of social, political, and sexual experience. Zwicker also features useful chronologies and various selective bibliographies of materials regarding the literature of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.

Thanks must go to colleagues without whom this bibliography could not have been compiled, especially to Andrea E. Womack, Norman Vogt, head of the Acquisitions and Serials department, Northern Illinois University, and his staff.

William Baker (wbaker@niu.edu), MLS, is Professor, Department of English and University Libraries, at Northern Illinois University. He is the Editor of George Eliot-George Henry Lewes Studies and his two-volume edition of The Letters of Wilkie Collins is forthcoming from Macmillan Press (London). He is currently working on a third volume of George Henry Lewes's correspondence, which will include previously unpublished George Eliot letters.

Kenneth Womack (kaw16@psu.edu) is Assistant Professor of English at Penn State Altoona. In addition to co-authoring Recent Work in Critical Theory, 1989-1995: An Annotated Bibliography and co-editing the Dictionary of Literary Biography's three-volume British Book-Collectors and Bibliographers series, he has published numerous articles on twentieth-century British and American literature, as well as on bibliography and textual criticism. He is editor of Interdisciplinary Literary Studies: A Journal of Criticism and Theory.

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