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Fiscal Year 2002 security assistance funding allocations - Brief Article
Kenneth W. MartinIntroduction
The last DISAM Journal, Winter 2001/2002 Edition, provided an extensive description and analysis of the numerous pieces of security assistance-related legislation recently enacted for fiscal year (FY) 2002. While funding for the fiscal year was appropriated by the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Appropriations Act, 2002, P.L. 107-115, 10 January 2002, the allocation of funding for specific countries and programs was not completed and provided by the Department of State to Congress until 4 February 2002. It should be noted, though, that the allocations figures for the FY2002 were provided to Congress within the legislated "thirty days after enactment," as required by Section 521, P.L. 107-115, and Section 653 (a), Foreign Assistance Act. The document provided to Congress is entitled Summary and Highlights International Affairs Function 150, Fiscal Year 2003, which can be viewed on the State Department web site at http://www.state.gov/m/rm/rls/iab/2003/. It contains foreign operations program funding figures for FY2001 (actual), FY2002 (estimated), and FY2003 (requested). This same document has been linked for viewing from the DISAM web site at http://disam.osd.mi1/pub1ications/.
The subsequent, more detailed publication, Congressional Budget Justification for Foreign Operations, Fiscal Year 2003, 15 April 2002, [in the past, referred to as the Congressional Presentation Document (CPD)] can be viewed also on the State Department web site at http://www.state.gov/m/rm/r1s/cbj/2003/. This large, useful publication will also be viewable from the DISAM web site under "Publications."
The allocated funding within both State Department publications reflect appropriations from both the annual Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Appropriations Act, 2002, P.L. 107-115, 10 January 2002, and the September 11th terrorist attack legislation, 2001 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Recovery from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States, P.L. 107-38, 18 September 2001. Any security assistance funding from P.L. 107-38, referred to as "Emergency Response Funding (ERE)," within the following program tables are cleared noted as such.
FY2002 Security Assistance Funding
Table 1 is an overall presentation of the entire funding security program for FY2002 as provided by P.L. 107-115. Displayed in the table for comparison are the program funding levels from FY200l, the Administration's request for FY2002 funding, and the proposals from both the Senate and the House of Representatives prior to the conference held to iron out the differences. Overall, a comparison of total security assistance funding between last fiscal year and this fiscal year shows a slight decrease of $21.732 million. But this small difference is further reduced when the FY2001 rescission of $13.377 million is considered. It also must be noted that, of the four funding programs, only the Economic Support Fund (ESF) experienced a reduction from FY200l to FY2002. Though small budget-wise in comparison to the other three programs, the International Military Training and Education (IMET) program experienced a growth of $12.125 million (before rescission) or nearly 21 percent.
When comparing what the Administration requested for FY2002 and what was finally appropriated, only the IMET program received more than what was requested. While matching the Administration's IMET request, the House of Representatives' proposal for the other three programs was less than requested. The Senate's proposal matched the Administration's request for Foreign Military Financing Program (FMFP) funding, increased the IMET request by $10 million, and provided reduced funding for economic support fund (ESF) and peacekeeping operations (PKO). For all four programs, the Senate's proposals were greater than the House's proposals.
FY2002 Foreign Military Financing Program
Table 2 provides the FY2002 Foreign Military Financing Program (FMFP) funding allocated by country or program displayed by region. This grant funding program is for carrying out the provisions of Section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA). FMFP is administered by the DoD Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) at the overall direction of the Department of State.
An analysis of the funding by region shows that the Near East received over 93 percent of the FMFP initially appropriated with bulk going to Israel and Egypt. Israel experienced the $60 million in annual FMFP growth as was negotiated four years ago to take place over a ten-year period beginning in FY1999. The Europe and Eurasia region and Africa region experienced a reduction in funding for FY2002 while the Western Hemisphere region and East Asia and the Pacific region realized a growth in FY2002 FMEP. The Western Hemisphere growth was only $3.71 million. The Philippines FMFP funding of $19 million accounted for most of the growth for the East Asia and Pacific region.
The Emergency Response Fund (ERF) from P.L. 107-38, 18 September 2001, provided $45 million additional funding for FY2002 FMFP in response to the war on international terrorism. $20 million and $25 million were allocated to Turkey and Uzbekistan, respectively. This brought the FMFP funding total for FY2002 to $3,695 million. Perhaps obviously related to the war on terrorism is that the Southwest Asia countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Tajikistan are to be allocated FMFP funds under Partnership for Peace (PfP) though they, like Pakistan, were not included in the Congressional Budget Justification for Foreign Operations, FY2002, published by State Department in early CY200l to receive FMFP.
International Military and Education Training
Table 3 provides the FY2002 funding allocations for international military and education training (IMET), again, by region, country, and program. This grant funding program is authorized by Section 541 of the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) to be administered by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) at the overall direction of the Department of State (DoS).
Because of the large overall increase in IMET funding, an analysis by region shows significant funding growth in all of the regions when comparing FY2001 and FY2002. When comparing by region the Administration's request (the middle column) to what is being allocated (the right column) only Africa failed to show an increase and the difference is only $210,000.
The larger IMET recipient countries include Turkey with $2.7 million, Jordan and Philippines with $2 million each, Poland with $1.9 million, and Czech Republic and Hungary with $1.8 million each. In contrast, the country receiving the smallest amount and for the first time any IMET is Saudi Arabia with $25,000. This causes Saudi Arabia to be eligible for FMS Incremental pricing authorized by Section 21(a)(1)(C), AECA, when purchasing DoD training via FMS. This amounts to "only those additional costs that are incurred by the U.S. government in furnishing such assistance."
The FY2002 IMET Program did not receive any supplemental funding from the Emergency Response Fund (ERF).
Economic Support Fund
Table 4 provides the FY2002 Economic Support Fund (ESF) allocations also by regions, countries, and programs authorized by Chapter 4, Part II of the Foreign Assistance Act. This grant funding program is administered by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
A regional analysis of ESF allocations shows Europe, Africa, South Asia, and the Western Hemisphere experiencing overall growth in FY2002 ESF compared to FY2001 funding levels. In contrast, the Near East and East Asia and Pacific regions experienced a decline. The Near East decline was a significant $224.723 million while the decline for the East Asia and Pacific region was a much smaller $2.627 million.
As indicated earlier in the FMFP section, Israel is in its fourth year of agreed upon reductions in ESF support but to be accompanied with an increase in FMFP support. With an annual ESF reduction of $120 million, Israel is to be removed from the ESF in ten years. This year, Israel received $720 million in ESF funding. However, the agreement also requires that Israeli's FMFP funding is to increase annually by $60 million during the same ten-year period. Egypt is to receive a similar annual reduction in ESF but without affecting FMFP. The ESF reduction for Egypt is about $40 million annually. Prior to implementing this ESF reduction program, Israel and Egypt each were annually receiving $1,200 million and $815 million, respectively. This year, Israel and Egypt together still receive nearly 62 percent of the total ESF appropriation.
The Emergency Response Fund (ERF) provides an additional $600 million in ESF for only one country -- Turkey. This increases the total ESF for this fiscal year to $2,824 million.
FY2002 Peacekeeping Operations
Table 5 presents the FY2001 funding allocations for International Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) authorized by Section 551, Foreign Assistance Act. This funding program is administered directly by the Department of State.
The FY2002 Peacekeeping Program (PKO) is $8.279 million or just over 6 percent larger than last year. However, the program is $15 million smaller than the amount requested by the Administration. The regions of the world affected by this year's allocation of funding basically remain unchanged. This would include Africa, East Timor, Southeastern Europe, and the Sinai Multinational Force and Observers (MFO).
The Emergency Response Fund (ERF) does not provide any additional funding to this year's PKO Program.
Conclusion
Overall security assistance funding from the annual Foreign Operations Appropriations Act did not significantly change from FY2001 to FY2002. The notable difference is the 21 percent increase in IMET funding with $70 million being available for FY2002. The emergency supplemental appropriations act, P.L. 107-38, provided an additional $45 million in FMFP and $600 million in ESF as Emergency Response Funding (ERF). Turkey received the vast majority of this supplemental with Uzbekistan receiving the balance as $25 million in FMFP funding.
A new supplemental appropriations act is presently being negotiated between the Administration and Congress primarily for continued recovery from the 11 September terrorist attacks and conducting the subsequent war on international terrorism. The latest total funding being considered is in excess of $20 billion with more than $1 billion for foreign operations to include FMFP and probable ESF funding along with other foreign assistance programs. Once the legislation is enacted and becomes available, the follow-on DISAM Journal will provide the resulting effect on security assistance and related programs.
Table 1
Security Assistance Program Appropriations Fiscal Years 2001 and 2002
Funding Levels
(Dollars in Millions)
FY2001 FY2002 HRpt 107-345 HRpt 107-345
Actual Budget Senate House
Funding (1) Proposal (2) Proposal Proposal
FMFP $3,576.240 $3,674.000 $3,674.000 $3,627.000
IMET 57.875 65.000 75.000 65.000
ESF 2,314.896 2,289.000 2,239.500 2,199.000
PKO 126.721 150.000 140.000 135.000
TOTAL $6,075.732 $6,178.000 $6,128.500 $6,026.000
P.L. 107-115
10 Jan 02
FY2002
Funding
FMFP $3,650.000
IMET 70.000
ESF 2,224.000 (3)
PKO 135.000
TOTAL $6,054.000 (4)
(1)Includes the overall .22 percent rescission of $13.377M mandated by
Section 1(a)(4), P.L. 106-522. FMFP, IMET, ESF, and PKO were reduced by
$7.867M, $0.127M, $5.104M, and $0.279M respectively. Also includes the
Southeast Europe Initiative (SEI) funding augmentation of $31M for FMFP
and $2.875M for IMET appropriated by Title VI, P.L. 106-429, Emergency
Supplemental Appropriation, Military Assistance.
(2)The budget proposal figures are from the FY2002 Congressional Budget
Justification for Foreign Operations.
(3)Includes $25.000M appropriated under a separate ESF authority as
the U.S. contribution to the International Fund for Ireland to remain
available until 30 September 2003.
(4)Does not include $645M in Emergency Response Funding (ERF)
appropriated by the P.L. 107-38 emergency supplemental. This includes an
additional $45M for FMFP and $600M for ESF.
Table 2
FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM (FMFP) FUNDING
FY2002 Allocation
(Dollars in Millions)
NEAR EAST
FY2001 FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP Budget
Geographical Region Funding Request
Egypt $1,297.140 $1,300.000
Israel 1,975.644 2,040.000
Jordan 74.835 75.000
Morocco 2.495 3.500
Tunisia 3.493 3.500
Subtotal, Near East 3,353.607 3,422.000
FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP
Geographical Region Funding
Egypt $1,300.000
Israel 2,040.000
Jordan 75.000
Morocco 3.500
Tunisia 3.500
Subtotal, Near East 3,422.000
EUROPE AND EURASIA
FY2001 FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP Budget
Geographical Region Funding Request
Partnership for Peace (PfP) [107.661]
Albania 8.631 4.650
Armenia 0.000 0.000
Azerbaijan 0.000 0.000
Bulgaria 13.470 10.000
Croatia 3.991 6.200
Estonia 6.186 6.500
Georgia 4.490 5.650
Kazakhstan 1.896 2.750
Kyrgyzstan 1.846 2.000
Latvia 5.188 7.000
Lithuania 6.486 7.500
Macedonia 13.619 10.500
Moldova 1.497 1.800
Romania 16.962 11.500
Slovakia 10.777 8.500
Slovenia 5.487 4.500
Tajikistan 0.000 0.000
Turkmenistan 0.699 0.700
Ukraine 3.991 4.800
Uzbekistan 2.445 2.950
Bosnia-Herzegovina 5.986 2.500
Czech Republic 8.981 12.000
Hungary 8.981 12.000
Malta 2.993 1.000
Poland 12.274 15.000
Subtotal, Europe and Eurasia 146.876 140.000
FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP
Geographical Region Funding
Partnership for Peace (PfP) [97.750]
Albania 4.000
Armenia 4.000
Azerbaijan 4.000
Bulgaria 8.500
Croatia 5.000
Estonia 6.250
Georgia 11.000
Kazakhstan 2.750
Kyrgyzstan 2.000
Latvia 6.250
Lithuania 6.593
Macedonia 10.500
Moldova 1.250
Romania 9.000
Slovakia 7.750
Slovenia 4.000
Tajikistan 0.700
Turkmenistan 0.000
Ukraine 4.000
Uzbekistan 0.207
Bosnia-Herzegovina 2.250
Czech Republic 10.000
Hungary 10.000
Malta 0.000
Poland 12.000
Subtotal, Europe and Eurasia 132.000
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
FY2001 FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP Budget
Geographical Region Funding Request
Argentina 0.998 0.000
El Salvador 0.000 3.500
Nicaragua 0.000 0.000
Caribbean Regional [3.992]
Bahamas 0.139 0.100
Belize 0.200 0.300
Dominican Republic 0.649 0.220
Guyana 0.124 0.600
Haiti 0.449 0.600
Jamaica 0.584 0.900
Suriname 0.000 0.250
Trinidad and Tobago 0.300 0.400
Eastern Caribbean 1.547 2.130
WHA Regional Stability (1) [0.000] [4.000]
Bolivia
Ecuador
Panama
Peru
WHA Conflict
Prevention/Response [0.000] [5.000]
Argentina 2.000
Bolivia 1.000
Chile 1.000
Uruguay 1.000
Subtotal, Western Hemisphere 4.990 18.000
FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP
Geographical Region Funding
Argentina 0.000
El Salvador 1.000
Nicaragua 0.500
Caribbean Regional [4.200]
Bahamas 0.100
Belize 0.200
Dominican Republic 0.350
Guyana 0.200
Haiti 0.300
Jamaica 0.600
Suriname 0.150
Trinidad and Tobago 0.300
Eastern Caribbean 2.000
WHA Regional Stability (1) [0.000]
Bolivia 1.000
Ecuador 1.000
Panama 1.000
Peru 1.000
WHA Conflict
Prevention/Response [3.000]
Argentina 1.000
Bolivia 0.500
Chile 0.500
Uruguay 1.000
Subtotal, Western Hemisphere 8.700
AFRICA
FY2001 FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP Budget
Geographical Region Funding Request
Africa Regional Stability [8.200] 3.000
Botswana 1.000
Djibouti 0.100
Eritrea 0.000
Ethiopia 0.000
Ghana 0.500
Guinea 3.000
Kenya 1.000
Mali 0.200
OAU (2) 0.100
Senegal 0.800
South Africa 1.000
Zambia 0.500
Nigeria 10.000 10.000
South Africa 0.000 6.000
Subtotal, Africa 18.200 19.000
FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP
Geographical Region Funding
Africa Regional Stability [3.000]
Botswana 1.000
Djibouti 0.000
Eritrea 0.250
Ethiopia 0.250
Ghana 0.400
Guinea 0.000
Kenya 0.000
Mali 0.000
OAU (2) 0.000
Senegal 0.400
South Africa 0.700
Zambia 0.000
Nigeria 6.000
South Africa 6.000
Subtotal, Africa 15.000
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
FY2001 FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP Budget
Geographical Region Funding Request
East Timor 1.796 1.000
Mongolia 1.995 2.000
Philippines 1.995 19.000
Thailand 0.000 0.000
Subtotal, East Asia and 5.786 22.000
the Pacific
FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP
Geographical Region Funding
East Timor 1.000
Mongolia 2.000
Philippines 19.000
Thailand 1.300
Subtotal, East Asia and 23.300
the Pacific
OTHER
FY2001 FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP Budget
Geographical Region Funding Request
Policy Initiatives 0.000 10.000
FMFP Admin Costs 32.928 35.000
Enhanced International Peacekeeping
Capabilities (EIPC) 5.986 8.000
Subtotal, Other 38.914 53.000
Subtotal FMFP $3,568.373 (3) $3,674.000
RESCISSION 7.867 0.000
Total FMFP $3,576.240 $3,674.000
FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP
Geographical Region Funding
Policy Initiatives 8.000
FMFP Admin Costs 35.000
Enhanced International Peacekeeping
Capabilities (EIPC) 4.000
Subtotal, Other 47.000
Subtotal FMFP $3,650.000
RESCISSION 0.000
Total FMFP $3,650.000
EMERGENCY RESPONSE FUND (ERF)
FY2001 FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP Budget
Geographical Region Funding Request
Turkey 0.000 0.000
Uzbekistan 0.000 0.000
Subtotal ERF 0.000 0.000
TOTAL FMFP $3,576.240 $3,674.000
FY2002
Country/Program by FMFP
Geographical Region Funding
Turkey 20.000
Uzbekistan 25.000
Subtotal ERF 45.000
TOTAL FMFP $3,695.000
(1)WHA - Western Hemisphere Affairs
(2)OAU - Organization of a Foreign Unity.
(3)Includes $0.240M in MAP receipts.
Table 3
INTERNATIONAL MILITARY AND EDUCATION TRAINING (IMET) FUNDING
FY2002 Funding Allocation
(Dollars in Thousands)
AFRICA
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Angola 00 100 100
Benin 384 400 400
Botswana 663 580 580
Burkina Faso 00 50 00
Burundi 00 50 00
Cameroon 223 190 190
Cape Verde 126 120 120
Central African Republic 116 110 110
Chad 173 130 130
Comoros 00 50 00
Congo (Brazzaville) 86 110 110
Congo (Kinshasa) 00 50 00
Cote d'lvoire 00 50 00
Djibouti 132 160 160
Equatorial Guinea 00 50 50
Eritrea 155 375 375
Ethiopia 00 475 475
Gabon 131 160 160
Gambia 00 50 00
Ghana 338 470 470
Guinea 254 250 250
Guinea-Bissau 55 50 50
Kenya 443 460 600
Lesotho 78 100 100
Madagascar 158 170 170
Malawi 388 360 360
Mali 355 325 325
Mauritania 83 100 100
Mauritius 86 100 100
Mozambique 200 215 215
Namibia 193 200 200
Niger 102 110 110
Nigeria 663 750 750
Rwanda 00 100 100
Sao Tome 101 85 85
Senegal 912 850 850
Seychelles 60 75 75
Sierra Leone 130 200 200
South Africa 1,200 1,450 1,450
Swaziland 98 100 100
Tanzania 214 200 200
Togo 52 75 75
Uganda 00 100 100
Zambia 181 190 190
Zimbabwe 00 50 00
Subtotal, Africa 8,533 10,395 10,185
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Cambodia 00 250 00
East Timor 00 50 50
Indonesia 00 400 400
Laos 00 50 50
Malaysia 757 700 700
Mongolia 750 650 650
Papua New Guinea 160 200 200
Phillippines 1,436 1,710 2,000
Samoa 88 120 120
Solomon Islands 62 150 150
Thailand 1,852 1,650 1,650
Tonga 100 115 115
Vanuatu 64 100 100
Vietnam 00 50 50
Subtotal, East Asia and the Pacific 5,269 6,195 6,235
EUROPE AND EURASIA
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Albania 1,200 800 800
Armenia 00 00 400
Azerbaijan 00 00 400
Bosnian and Herzegovina 1,109 800 800
Bulgaria 1,599 1,200 1,200
Croatia 1,032 600 600
Czech Republic (1) 1,370 1,800 1,800
Estonia 750 1,000 1,000
Georgia 481 850 850
Greece 25 500 500
Hungary (1) 1,394 1,800 1,800
Kazakhstan 583 650 800
Kyrgyzstan 380 475 600
Latvia 815 1,000 1,000
Lithuania 797 1,000 1,000
Macedonia 741 550 550
Malta 136 300 300
Moldova 630 850 850
Poland (1) 1,318 1,900 1,900
Portugal 594 750 750
Romania 1,544 1,400 1,400
Russian Federation 156 800 800
Slovakia 992 850 850
Slovenia 1,022 800 800
Tajikistan 00 75 250
Turkey 1,689 1,800 2,700
Turkmenistan 258 300 450
Ukraine 1,443 1,700 1,700
Uzbekistan 494 800 1,000
Subtotal, Europe
and Eurasia 22,552 25,350 27,850
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Argentina 846 850 1,000
Bahamas 110 140 140
Belize 223 275 275
Bolivia 665 700 700
Brazil 241 440 440
Chile 550 570 570
Colombia 1,040 1,180 1,180
Costa Rica 297 350 350
Dominican Republic 513 500 500
Eastern Caribbean 448 675 675
Ecuador 550 625 625
El Salvador 653 800 800
Guatemala 291 350 350
Guyana 192 275 275
Honduras 546 625 625
Jamaica 465 600 600
Mexico 1,000 1,150 1,150
Nicaragua 222 375 375
Panama 131 170 170
Paraguay 238 300 300
Peru 509 500 500
Suriname 107 110 110
Trinidad and Tobago 122 135 135
Uruguay 398 415 450
Venezuela 485 500 500
Subtotal, Western
Hemisphere 10,842 12,610 12,760
NEAR EAST
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Algeria 121 200 200
Bahrain 249 250 400
Egypt 1,119 1,200 1,200
Jordan 1,700 1,800 2,000
Lebanon 546 600 600
Morocco 999 1,000 1,000
Oman 250 275 500
Saudi Arabia 00 25 25
Tunisia 968 1,000 1,000
Yemen 198 250 450
Subtotal, Near East 6,150 6,600 7,375
SOUTH ASIA
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Bangladesh 507 525 600
India 498 650 1,000
Maldives 110 125 125
Nepal 237 225 400
Pakistan 00 00 1,000
Sri Lanka 252 275 275
Subtotal, South Asia 1,604 1,800 3,400
NON-REGIONAL
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
General Costs 998 250 395
E-IMET schools 1,800 1,800 1,800
Subtotal, Non-regional 2,798 2,050 2,195
Subtotal IMET $57,748 $65,000 $70,000
RESCISSION 127 00 00
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by IMET Budget IMET
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
TOTAL MET $57,875 $65,000 $70,000
(1) The Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland also received $300K, $300K,
and $400K respectively from prior year "no-year funding" so each country
receives $1.7M in IMET funding during FY2001 as authorized by Section
511, P.L. 106-280. This "no-year" funding is the result of $1 million in
annual IMET since FY1999 remaining available until expended.
Table 4
ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND (ESF)
FY2002 Funding
(Dollars in Millions)
NEAR EAST
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Egypt 693.471 655.000 655.000
Israel 838.152 720.000 720.000
Jordan 149.670 150.000 150.000
Lebanon 34.923 32.000 35.000
Yemen 3.991 5.000 5.000
Middle East Fact Finding 2.793 0.000 0.000
Middle East Democracy 3.991 7.000 5.000
Middle East Multilaterals 2.994 3.000 3.000
Middle East Regional Coop 4.989 5.000 5.000
Iraq Opposition 24.945 25.000 25.000
West Bank-Gaza 84.813 75.000 72.000
U.S.-North Africa Partner 3.991 5.000 4.000
Subtotal, Near East 1,848.723 1,682.000 1,679.000
EUROPE
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Cyprus 14.967 15.000 15.000
Ireland 24.945 19.600 25.000
Irish Visa Program 4.989 5.000 4.000
Subtotal, Europe 44.901 39.600 45.000
AFRICA
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Angola 2.491 2.000 0.000
Ethiopia/Eritrea 0.000 2.500 0.000
Ghana 4.500 0.000 0.000
Nigeria 21.608 25.000 0.000
Sierra Leone 1.900 9.000 9.000
SADC Initiative (1) 0.998 0.000 0.000
Safe Skies 4.995 3.000 3.000
Regional Organizations 0.998 4.000 4.000
Countries in Transition 11.350 20.000 40.000
Education for Development and
Democracy 12.466 15.000 15.000
Great Lakes Justice Initiative 10.978 10.000 0.000
Presidential Economic Growth
Opportunity 1.995 0.000 0.000
Africa Regional Democracy Fund 11.519 15.000 29.000
Subtotal, Africa 85.798 105.500 100.000
SOUTH ASIA
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Afghanistan 0.000 0.000 17.250
Bangladesh 0.000 3.000 3.000
India 4.989 7.000 7.000
Nepal 0.000 3.000 3.000
Pakistan 0.000 7.000 9.500
Sri Lanka 0.000 3.000 3.000
South Asia Democracy 4.989 0.000 0.000
South Asia Regional 0.000 7.000 3.500
South Asia Energy and Environment 3.492 0.000 0.000
South Asia Regional Stability 0.998 0.000 0.000
Women and Children Support Fund 4.490 0.000 0.000
Subtotal, South Asia 18.958 30.000 46.250
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Bolivia 1.995 10.000 10.000
Cuba 4.989 5.000 5.000
Dominican Republic 3.492 2.000 2.000
Eastern Caribbean 6.985 11.000 11.000
Ecuador 5.491 30.000 15.000
El Salvador 4.989 21.000 25.000
Guatemala 13.969 10.000 10.000
Haiti 46.894 35.000 30.000
Honduras 0.998 1.000 1.000
Jamaica 1.497 1.000 1.000
Mexico 6.178 10.000 10.000
Nicaragua 1.499 1.500 1.500
Panama 0.998 4.000 4.000
Paraguay 3.492 3.500 3.500
Peru 2.203 10.000 15.000
Peru/Ecuador Peace 6.985 5.000 5.000
Venezuela 0.000 0.500 0.500
AOJ/ICITAP (2) 6.985 10.000 10.000
Centers for Education Excellence 0.000 7.000 7.000
Western Hemisphere Regional
Democracy 0.599 0.000 0.000
Subtotal, Western Hemisphere 120.238 177.500 166.500
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Burma 3.492 3.500 6.500
Cambodia 14.967 25.000 20.000
East Timor 24.945 25.000 25.000
Indonesia 49.890 50.000 50.000
Mongolia 11.974 12.000 12.000
Philippines 7.202 15.000 21.000
Accelerating Economic Recovery 4.325 5.000 0.000
Chinese Compensation 28.000 0.000 0.000
China (Rule of Law) 0.000 5.000 5.000
EAP Environmental Initiative (3) 3.492 4.000 3.500
Regional Democracy 3.347 6.000 5.000
Regional Secruity 0.249 0.250 0.250
Regional Women's Issues 2.994 5.000 4.000
South Pacific Fisheries Treaty 14.000 14.000 14.000
Subtotal, East Asia and the Pacific 168.877 169.750 166.250
GLOBAL
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Human Rights and Demo. Fund (4) 13.421 13.500 13.000
Partnerships to Eliminate
Sweatshops 3.991 5.000 4.000
OES Initiatives (5) 4.989 4.000 4.000
Policy Initiatives 5.000 62.150 0.000
Subtotal, Global 27.401 84.650 21.000
Subtotal ESF $2,314.896 $2,289.000 $2,224.000
RESCISSION 5.104 0.000 0.000
Total ESF $2,320.000 $2,289.000 $2,224.000
EMERGENCY RESPONSE FUND (ERF)
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
Country/Program by ESF Budget ESF
Geographical Region Funding Request Funding
Pakistan 0.000 0.000 600.000
Subtotal ERF 0.000 0.000 600.000
TOTAL ESF $2,320.000 $2,289.000 $2,824.000
(1) SADC - Southern African Development Community.
(2) AOJ/ICITAP - Administration of Justice/International Criminal
Investigation Training Assistance Program of the U.S. Department of
Justice.
(3) EAP Environmental Initiative - East Asia and Pacific
Environmental Initiative
(4) FY2002 HRDF allocation assumes $5M in funding for China
(Rule of Law).
(5) OES Initiatives - Oceans, Environment and Science Initiatives
Table 5
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (PKO) FUNDING
FY2002 Funding
(Dollars in Millions)
FY2001 FY2002 FY2002
PKO Budget PKO
Program Funding Request Funding
Africa Regional $30.882 $51.000 $41.000
African Crisis Response Initiative 15.618 20.000 15.000
Bulgaria/SEEBRIG (1) 2.500 0.000 0.000
East Timor (UNTAET) (2) 8.500 8.000 8.000
Macedonia 4.100 0.000 0.000
Multinational Force and Observers 16.000 16.400 16.400
Ukraine KFOR (3) 1.200 0.000 0.000
OSCE (Europe Regional) (4) 14.221 16.300 16.300
OSCE (Bosnia) 19.800 20.500 20.500
OSCE (Croatia) 2.900 3.300 3.300
OSCE (Kosovo) 11.000 14.500 14.500
Subtotal PKO $126.721 $150.000 $135.000
RESCESSION 0.279 0.000 0.000
TOTAL PKO $127.000 $150.000 $135.000
(1) SEEBRIG - South-Eastern Europe Brigade
(2) UNTAET - U.N. Transitional Administration in East Timor.
(3) KFOR - [NATO] Kosovo Force
(4) OSCE - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
About the Author
Mr. Martin is an associate professor with almost fourteen years of service on the DISAM faculty. His duties include Legislation and Foreign Policy functional manager and editor of the annually republished DISAM "Green Textbook", The Management of Security Assistance. Mr. Martin retired from the U.S. Navy in 1991 after over twenty-four years of active duty as a surface warfare officer. He received his undergraduate degree in Economics from the Illinois Institute of Technology and his masters in Administration from Central Michigan University.
COPYRIGHT 2002 Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management
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