Section I: hate crime statistics, 1999
In 1999, a total of 12,122 law enforcement agencies in 48 states and the District of Columbia reported 7,876 bias-motivated criminal incidents to the FBI. The incidents consisted of 9,301 separate offenses, 9,802 victims, and 7,271 known distinguishable offenders. (See Table 1.) Of the 7,876 incidents, nearly 55 percent were motivated by racial bias, 18 percent by religious bias, 17 percent by sexual-orientation bias, 11 percent by ethnicity/ national origin bias, and less than one-half of 1 percent by disability and multiple biases.
Offenses and Incidents
Nearly 67 percent of the 9,301 hate crime offenses reported in 1999 were attributed to crimes against persons. Crimes against property made up 33 percent of the total, and crimes against society composed less than one-half of 1 percent. (See Table 3.)
Intimidation was the most frequently reported hate crime; it accounted for 35 percent of the total. Destruction/damage/vandalism of property made up nearly 29 percent of the count; simple assault, 19 percent; and aggravated assault, 12 percent. The remaining offenses accounted for the other 5 percent. (See Table 3.)
For Hate Crime Data Collection Program purposes, the term single-bias incident refers to any hate crime incident in which all offenses involved in the incident were perpetrated as a result of the same bias motivation. A multiple-bias incident is any hate crime incident in which one or more of the offenses were committed as a result of two or more bias motivations. Of the 7,876 bias-motivated incidents, 7871 were single-bias incidents and 5 were multiple-bias incidents. (See Table 1.)
Of the 17 murders reported among hate-motivated incidents, racial bias motivated 9 of the murders; sexual-orientation bias and ethnicity/national origin bias each, 3; and religious bias, 2. (See Table 4.)
According to the data received for racially-motivated incidents, 2,030 of the 3,542 anti-black offenses involved white offenders, and 524 of the 970 anti-white offenses involved black offenders. (See Table 5.)
Victims
A breakdown by bias motivation shows that victims of racial bias accounted for nearly 56 percent of all hate crime victims in 1999. Victims of religious bias comprised 17 percent of the victim total; victims of sexual-orientation bias, 16 percent; victims of ethnicity/national-origin bias, 11 percent; and victims of disability bias, less than one-half of 1 percent. By specific bias motivation, anti-black bias accounted for 67 percent of victims of racial bias; anti-Jewish bias accounted for 76 percent of victims of religious bias; anti-male homosexual bias accounted for 69 percent of those who were victims of sexual-orientation-bias crimes; anti-Hispanic bias made up more than 57 percent of the victim total for ethnicity/national origin bias; and anti-physical disability bias accounted for over 57 percent of victims of disability-biased crimes. (See Table 1.)
Among victim classifications, crimes against persons represented 63 percent of the 9,802 hate crime victims; crimes against property, nearly 37 percent; and crimes against society, less than one-half of 1 percent. (See Table 3.)
The term victim throughout this publication refers to a person, business, institution, or society as a whole, unless otherwise specified. Eighty-three percent of the 9,802 reported hate crime victims were individuals. Distribution figures for the remaining victim types were other/unknown/multiple, 6 percent; society/public, 4 percent; business/financial institution, 3 percent; government, 2 percent; and religious organization, 2 percent. (See Table 7.)
Offenders
For Hate Crime Data Collection Program purposes, the term known offender does not imply that the identity of the suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is identified which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender. Typically, the attribute referred to in this publication is the offender's suspected race.
In 1999, a total of 7,271 known offenders were associated with 59 percent of the 7,876 incidents reported by law enforcement. By offender's race, 68 percent were white, 16 percent were black, 4 percent were multiracial, 2 percent were Asian/ Pacific Islander, 1 percent were American Indian/ Alaskan Native, and 9 percent were unknown. (See Table 11.)
Historically, offenders are identified in conjunction with crimes against persons more often than with crimes against property. Of the 7,593 known offenders who were counted for the 9,301 offenses in 1999, 80 percent were reported in connection with crimes against persons; intimidation was the most frequently committed offense. Nineteen percent of the known offenders were associated with crimes against property; destruction/damage/vandalism was the most perpetrated crime in this category. The offenses among crimes against persons and crimes against property with which offenders were least associated were forcible rape and motor vehicle theft, respectively. The remaining 1 percent of the known offenders committed crimes against society. (See Table 3.)
Locations
In 1999, the highest percent of reported hate crime incidents, nearly 29 percent, occurred in/on residential properties. Incidents committed on highways/ roads/alleys/streets accounted for almost 19 percent, 16 percent took place in other/unknown locations, and 10 percent occurred at schools and colleges. The remaining 26 percent of incidents were widely distributed among various locations. (See Table 2.)
Table 1 Number of Incidents, Offenses, Victims, and Known Offenders by Bias Motivation, 1999 Bias Motivation Incidents Offenses Total 7,876 9,301 Single-Bias Incidents 7,871 9,291 Race: 4,295 5,240 Anti-White 781 970 Anti-Black 2,958 3,542 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan Native 47 49 Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 298 363 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 211 316 Religion: 1,411 1,532 Anti-Jewish 1,109 1,198 Anti-Catholic 36 41 Anti-Protestant 48 49 Anti-Islamic 32 34 Anti-Other Religious Group 151 170 Anti-Multi-ReligiousGroup 31 35 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 4 5 Sexual Orientation: 1,317 1,487 Anti-MaleHomosexual 915 1,025 Anti-FemaleHomosexual 187 216 Anti-Homosexual 178 205 Anti-Heterosexual 14 16 Anti-Bisexual 23 25 Ethnicity/National Origin: 829 1,011 Anti-Hispanic 466 576 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National Origin 363 435 Disability: 19 21 Anti-Physical 10 11 Anti-Mental 9 10 Multiple-Bias Incidents (3) 5 10 Bias Motivation Known Victims (1) offenders (2) Total 9,802 7,271 Single-Bias Incidents 9,792 7,265 Race: 5,485 4,362 Anti-White 996 1,011 Anti-Black 3,679 2,861 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan Native 50 40 Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 379 288 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 381 162 Religion: 1,686 602 Anti-Jewish 1,289 429 Anti-Catholic 41 18 Anti-Protestant 50 19 Anti-Islamic 34 14 Anti-Other Religious Group 221 98 Anti-Multi-ReligiousGroup 46 21 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 5 3 Sexual Orientation: 1,558 1,376 Anti-MaleHomosexual 1,070 1,043 Anti-FemaleHomosexual 231 150 Anti-Homosexual 216 154 Anti-Heterosexual 16 15 Anti-Bisexual 25 14 Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,040 904 Anti-Hispanic 588 562 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National Origin 452 342 Disability: 23 21 Anti-Physical 13 9 Anti-Mental 10 12 Multiple-Bias Incidents (3) 10 6 (1) The term victim may refer to a person, business, institution, or society as a whole. (2) The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is identified which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender. (3) A multiple-bias incident is any hate crime incident in which one or more of the offenses were committed as a result of two or more bias motivations. Table 2 Location of Incidents by Bias Motivation, 1999 Bias Motivation Total Location incidents Race Total 7,876 4,295 Air/bus/train terminal 84 53 Bank/savings and loan 14 11 Bar/night club 130 64 Church/synagogue/temple 274 29 Commercial office building 245 133 Construction site 20 11 Convenience store 75 45 Department/discount store 44 30 Drug store/Dr.'s office/hospital 48 33 Field/woods 62 41 Government/public building 82 46 Grocery/supermarket 54 29 Highway/road/alley/street 1,458 910 Hotel/motel/etc. 56 35 Jail/prison 55 45 Lake/waterway 16 11 Liquor store 8 6 Parking lot/garage 479 294 Rental storage facility 8 5 Residence/home 2,258 1,223 Restaurant 158 90 School/college 802 460 Service/gas station 64 44 Specialty store (TV, fur, etc.) 97 54 Other/unknown 1,279 590 Multiple locations 6 3 Bias Motivation Ethnicity/ national Location origin Religion Total 829 1,411 Air/bus/train terminal 10 9 Bank/savings and loan 0 1 Bar/night club 12 4 Church/synagogue/temple 9 229 Commercial office building 29 46 Construction site 4 4 Convenience store 15 6 Department/discount store 5 3 Drug store/Dr.'s office/hospital 3 7 Field/woods 7 8 Government/public building 8 17 Grocery/supermarket 8 10 Highway/road/alley/street 153 93 Hotel/motel/etc. 9 3 Jail/prison 5 2 Lake/waterway 2 0 Liquor store 1 0 Parking lot/garage 50 44 Rental storage facility 0 1 Residence/home 235 391 Restaurant 30 17 School/college 56 156 Service/gas station 7 6 Specialty store (TV, fur, etc.) 15 16 Other/unknown 155 338 Multiple locations 1 0 Bias Motivation Sexual Location orientation Disability Total 1,317 19 Air/bus/train terminal 12 0 Bank/savings and loan 1 1 Bar/night club 50 0 Church/synagogue/temple 7 0 Commercial office building 36 1 Construction site 1 0 Convenience store 9 0 Department/discount store 5 0 Drug store/Dr.'s office/hospital 5 0 Field/woods 6 0 Government/public building 11 0 Grocery/supermarket 7 0 Highway/road/alley/street 299 1 Hotel/motel/etc. 9 0 Jail/prison 3 0 Lake/waterway 3 0 Liquor store 1 0 Parking lot/garage 88 3 Rental storage facility 2 0 Residence/home 403 6 Restaurant 18 3 School/college 127 2 Service/gas station 7 0 Specialty store (TV, fur, etc.) 12 0 Other/unknown 194 2 Multiple locations 1 0 Bias Motivation Location Multiple Total 5 Air/bus/train terminal 0 Bank/savings and loan 0 Bar/night club 0 Church/synagogue/temple 0 Commercial office building 0 Construction site 0 Convenience store 0 Department/discount store 1 Drug store/Dr.'s office/hospital 0 Field/woods 0 Government/public building 0 Grocery/supermarket 0 Highway/road/alley/street 2 Hotel/motel/etc. 0 Jail/prison 0 Lake/waterway 0 Liquor store 0 Parking lot/garage 0 Rental storage facility 0 Residence/home 0 Restaurant 0 School/college 1 Service/gas station 0 Specialty store (TV, fur, etc.) 0 Other/unknown 0 Multiple locations 1 Table 3 Number of Offenses, Victims, and Known Offenders by Offense, 1999 Offense Offenses Total 9,301 Crimes against persons: 6,189 Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter 17 Forcible rape 6 Aggravated assault 1,120 Simple assault 1,766 Intimidation 3,268 Other (4) 12 Crimes against property: 3,082 Robbery 129 Burglary 112 Larceny-theft 103 Motor vehicle theft 14 Arson 48 Destruction/damage/vandalism 2,654 Other (4) 22 Crimes against society (4) 30 Offense Victims (1) Total 9,802 Crimes against persons: 6,189 Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter 17 Forcible rape 6 Aggravated assault 1,120 Simple assault 1,766 Intimidation 3,268 Other (4) 12 Crimes against property: 3,583 Robbery 158 Burglary 132 Larceny-theft 112 Motor vehicle theft 14 Arson 64 Destruction/damage/vandalism 3,078 Other (4) 25 Crimes against society (4) 30 Known Offense offenders (2) Total 7,271 Crimes against persons: 6,103 (3) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter 28 Forcible rape 6 Aggravated assault 1,482 Simple assault 2,267 Intimidation 2,308 Other (4) 12 Crimes against property: 1,444 (3) Robbery 275 Burglary 63 Larceny-theft 66 Motor vehicle theft 9 Arson 22 Destruction/damage/vandalism 988 Other (4) 21 Crimes against society (4) 46 (3) (1) The term victim may refer to a person, business, institution, or society as a whole. (2) The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is identified which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender. (3) One or more offenders were responsible for committing more than one offense and are counted more than once in this table. Therefore, neither the sum of the three subtotals nor the sum of offenders as distributed among the offenses equals the actual number of known offenders, 7,271. (4) Includes offenses collected in NIBRS, with the exception of the 11 offenses listed. Table 4 Number of Offenses by Bias Motivation and Offense Type, 1999 Crimes against persons Murder and Total nonnegligent Bias Motivation offenses manslaughter Total 9,301 17 Single-Bias Incidents 9,291 17 Race: 5,240 9 Anti-White 970 3 Anti-Black 3,542 4 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 49 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 363 2 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 316 0 Religion: 1,532 2 Anti-Jewish 1,198 0 Anti-Catholic 41 0 Anti-Protestant 49 0 Anti-Islamic 34 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 170 2 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 35 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 5 0 Sexual Orientation: 1,487 3 Anti-Male Homosexual 1,025 2 Anti-Female Homosexual 216 0 Anti-Homosexual 205 1 Anti-Heterosexual 16 0 Anti-Bisexual 25 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,011 3 Anti-Hispanic 576 3 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 435 0 Origin Disability: 21 0 Anti-Physical 11 0 Anti-Mental 10 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 10 0 Crimes against persons Forcible Aggravated Bias Motivation rape assault Total 6 1,120 Single-Bias Incidents 6 1,120 Race: 4 743 Anti-White 2 211 Anti-Black 2 451 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 4 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 0 32 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 0 45 Religion: 0 23 Anti-Jewish 0 14 Anti-Catholic 0 0 Anti-Protestant 0 1 Anti-Islamic 0 2 Anti-Other Religious Group 0 5 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 0 1 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 1 180 Anti-Male Homosexual 0 128 Anti-Female Homosexual 1 18 Anti-Homosexual 0 32 Anti-Heterosexual 0 0 Anti-Bisexual 0 2 Ethnicity/National Origin: 0 173 Anti-Hispanic 0 115 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 0 58 Origin Disability: 1 1 Anti-Physical 0 0 Anti-Mental 1 1 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 0 Crimes against persons Simple Intimidation Bias Motivation assault Total 1,766 3,268 Single-Bias Incidents 1,765 3,265 Race: 1,083 1,907 Anti-White 287 232 Anti-Black 641 1,436 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 21 9 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 86 114 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 48 116 Religion: 57 499 Anti-Jewish 42 420 Anti-Catholic 2 8 Anti-Protestant 1 6 Anti-Islamic 6 7 Anti-Other Religious Group 6 50 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 0 6 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 2 Sexual Orientation: 391 477 Anti-Male Homosexual 308 329 Anti-Female Homosexual 50 87 Anti-Homosexual 26 55 Anti-Heterosexual 5 6 Anti-Bisexual 2 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 227 376 Anti-Hispanic 144 189 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 83 187 Origin Disability: 7 6 Anti-Physical 3 2 Anti-Mental 4 4 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 1 3 Crimes Crimes against against persons property Bias Motivation Other (1) Robbery Total 12 129 Single-Bias Incidents 12 128 Race: 5 71 Anti-White 2 34 Anti-Black 2 35 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 0 1 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 1 1 Religion: 0 0 Anti-Jewish 0 0 Anti-Catholic 0 0 Anti-Protestant 0 0 Anti-Islamic 0 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 0 0 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 0 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 6 46 Anti-Male Homosexual 3 39 Anti-Female Homosexual 0 1 Anti-Homosexual 0 6 Anti-Heterosexual 2 0 Anti-Bisexual 1 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 1 11 Anti-Hispanic 0 6 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 1 5 Origin Disability: 0 0 Anti-Physical 0 0 Anti-Mental 0 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 1 Crimes against property Larceny- Bias Motivation Burglary theft Total 112 103 Single-Bias Incidents 111 103 Race: 48 57 Anti-White 13 26 Anti-Black 28 17 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 4 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 6 7 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 1 3 Religion: 32 23 Anti-Jewish 14 7 Anti-Catholic 1 3 Anti-Protestant 2 2 Anti-Islamic 0 4 Anti-Other Religious Group 11 4 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 4 2 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 1 Sexual Orientation: 20 18 Anti-Male Homosexual 9 4 Anti-Female Homosexual 3 3 Anti-Homosexual 3 5 Anti-Heterosexual 0 1 Anti-Bisexual 5 5 Ethnicity/National Origin: 9 4 Anti-Hispanic 4 3 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 5 1 Origin Disability: 2 1 Anti-Physical 2 1 Anti-Mental 0 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 1 0 Crimes against property Motor vehicle Bias Motivation theft Arson Total 14 48 Single-Bias Incidents 14 48 Race: 9 18 Anti-White 3 5 Anti-Black 3 11 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 3 2 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 0 0 Religion: 2 20 Anti-Jewish 1 13 Anti-Catholic 1 0 Anti-Protestant 0 1 Anti-Islamic 0 1 Anti-Other Religious Group 0 4 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 0 1 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 2 5 Anti-Male Homosexual 0 2 Anti-Female Homosexual 0 1 Anti-Homosexual 0 2 Anti-Heterosexual 0 0 Anti-Bisexual 2 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 1 5 Anti-Hispanic 1 4 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 0 1 Origin Disability: 0 0 Anti-Physical 0 0 Anti-Mental 0 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 0 Crimes against property Destruction/ damage/ Bias Motivation vandalism Other (1) Total 2,654 22 Single-Bias Incidents 2,650 22 Race: 1,251 14 Anti-White 134 9 Anti-Black 898 5 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 9 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 109 0 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 101 0 Religion: 867 5 Anti-Jewish 686 0 Anti-Catholic 25 1 Anti-Protestant 34 1 Anti-Islamic 14 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 86 2 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 21 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 1 1 Sexual Orientation: 333 2 Anti-Male Homosexual 199 1 Anti-Female Homosexual 52 0 Anti-Homosexual 74 0 Anti-Heterosexual 2 0 Anti-Bisexual 6 1 Ethnicity/National Origin: 197 0 Anti-Hispanic 105 0 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 92 0 Origin Disability: 2 1 Anti-Physical 2 1 Anti-Mental 0 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 4 0 Crimes against property Crimes against Bias Motivation society (1) Total 30 Single-Bias Incidents 30 Race: 21 Anti-White 9 Anti-Black 9 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 2 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 1 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 0 Religion: 2 Anti-Jewish 1 Anti-Catholic 0 Anti-Protestant 1 Anti-Islamic 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 0 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 Sexual Orientation: 3 Anti-Male Homosexual 1 Anti-Female Homosexual 0 Anti-Homosexual 1 Anti-Heterosexual 0 Anti-Bisexual 1 Ethnicity/National Origin: 4 Anti-Hispanic 2 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 2 Origin Disability: 0 Anti-Physical 0 Anti-Mental 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 (1) Includes offenses collected in NIBRS, with the exception of the 11 offenses listed. (2) A multiple-bias incident is any hate crime incident in which one or more of the offenses were committed as a result of two or more bias motivations. Table 5 Number of Offenses by Bias Motivation and Association to Known Offender's Race, 1999 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race Total Bias Motivation offenses White Total 9,301 4,092 Single-Bias Incidents 9,291 4,088 Race: 5,240 2,497 Anti-White 970 171 Anti-Black 3,542 2,030 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 49 29 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 363 160 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 316 107 Religion: 1,532 345 Anti-Jewish 1,198 268 Anti-Catholic 41 8 Anti-Protestant 49 8 Anti-Islamic 34 6 Anti-Other Religious Group 170 39 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 35 13 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 5 3 Sexual Orientation: 1,487 690 Anti-Male Homosexual 1,025 491 Anti-Female Homosexual 216 84 Anti-Homosexual 205 94 Anti-Heterosexual 16 11 Anti-Bisexual 25 10 Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,011 545 Anti-Hispanic 576 325 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 435 220 Origin Disability: 21 11 Anti-Physical 11 5 Anti-Mental 10 6 Multiple-Bias Incidents (1) 10 4 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race American Indian/Alaskan Bias Motivation Black Native Total 947 40 Single-Bias Incidents 947 40 Race: 653 25 Anti-White 524 12 Anti-Black 87 8 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 3 2 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 17 0 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 22 3 Religion: 27 0 Anti-Jewish 12 0 Anti-Catholic 2 0 Anti-Protestant 2 0 Anti-Islamic 1 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 10 0 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 0 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 173 6 Anti-Male Homosexual 129 5 Anti-Female Homosexual 29 1 Anti-Homosexual 10 0 Anti-Heterosexual 3 0 Anti-Bisexual 2 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 92 9 Anti-Hispanic 68 8 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 24 1 Origin Disability: 2 0 Anti-Physical 1 0 Anti-Mental 1 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (1) 0 0 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race Asian/ Multi- Pacific racial Bias Motivation Islander group Total 71 178 Single-Bias Incidents 71 176 Race: 43 114 Anti-White 9 31 Anti-Black 24 50 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 9 12 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 1 21 Religion: 4 6 Anti-Jewish 2 6 Anti-Catholic 1 0 Anti-Protestant 0 0 Anti-Islamic 0 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 1 0 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 0 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 15 41 Anti-Male Homosexual 12 32 Anti-Female Homosexual 2 6 Anti-Homosexual 0 3 Anti-Heterosexual 1 0 Anti-Bisexual 0 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 9 14 Anti-Hispanic 2 11 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 7 3 Origin Disability: 0 1 Anti-Physical 0 0 Anti-Mental 0 1 Multiple-Bias Incidents (1) 0 2 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race Unknown Bias Motivation race Total 3,973 Single-Bias Incidents 3,969 Race: 1,908 Anti-White 223 Anti-Black 1,343 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 15 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 165 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 162 Religion: 1,150 Anti-Jewish 910 Anti-Catholic 30 Anti-Protestant 39 Anti-Islamic 27 Anti-Other Religious Group 120 Anti-Multi-Religious Group 22 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 2 Sexual Orientation: 562 Anti-Male Homosexual 356 Anti-Female Homosexual 94 Anti-Homosexual 98 Anti-Heterosexual 1 Anti-Bisexual 13 Ethnicity/National Origin: 342 Anti-Hispanic 162 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 180 Origin Disability: 7 Anti-Physical 5 Anti-Mental 2 Multiple-Bias Incidents (1) 4 (1) A multiple-bias incident is any hate crime incident in which one or more of the offenses were committed as a result of two or more bias motivations. Table 6 Number of Offenses by Offense Type and Known Offender's Race, 1999 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race Total Offense offenses White Total 9,301 4,092 Crimes against persons: 6,189 3,481 Murder and nonnegligent 17 10 manslaughter Forcible rape 6 3 Aggravated assault 1,120 776 Simple assault 1,766 1,110 Intimidation 3,268 1,575 Other (1) 12 7 Crimes against property: 3,082 593 Robbery 129 74 Burglary 112 24 Larceny-theft 103 22 Motor vehicle theft 14 1 Arson 48 11 Destruction/damage/vandalism 2,654 448 Other (1) 22 13 Crimes against society (1) 30 18 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race American Indian/Alaskan Offense Black Native Total 947 40 Crimes against persons: 825 35 Murder and nonnegligent 5 0 manslaughter Forcible rape 2 0 Aggravated assault 212 9 Simple assault 361 19 Intimidation 243 7 Other (1) 2 0 Crimes against property: 115 4 Robbery 39 2 Burglary 3 0 Larceny-theft 8 0 Motor vehicle theft 3 0 Arson 0 0 Destruction/damage/vandalism 60 2 Other (1) 2 0 Crimes against society (1) 7 1 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race Asian/ Multi- Pacific racial Offense Islander group Total 71 178 Crimes against persons: 58 159 Murder and nonnegligent 0 0 manslaughter Forcible rape 0 0 Aggravated assault 14 37 Simple assault 29 81 Intimidation 15 41 Other (1) 0 0 Crimes against property: 13 18 Robbery 1 5 Burglary 0 0 Larceny-theft 2 0 Motor vehicle theft 0 0 Arson 1 0 Destruction/damage/vandalism 9 13 Other (1) 0 0 Crimes against society (1) 0 1 Number of offenses associated to known offender's race Unknown Offense race Total 3,973 Crimes against persons: 1,631 Murder and nonnegligent 2 manslaughter Forcible rape 1 Aggravated assault 72 Simple assault 166 Intimidation 1,387 Other (1) 3 Crimes against property: 2,339 Robbery 8 Burglary 85 Larceny-theft 71 Motor vehicle theft 10 Arson 36 Destruction/damage/vandalism 2,122 Other (1) 7 Crimes against society (1) 3 (1) Includes offenses collected in NIBRS, with the exception of the 11 offenses listed. Table 7 Percent Distribution of Offenses by Victim Type, 1999 Victim Type Offense Total (1) Individual Total 100 83 Crimes against persons (2) 100 100 Crimes against property: 100 49 Robbery 100 99 Burglary 100 56 Larceny-theft 100 72 Motor vehicle theft 100 86 Arson 100 58 Destruction/damage/vandalism 100 45 Other (2) 100 50 Crimes against society (2) 100 NA Victim Type Business/ financial Offense institution Government Total 3 2 Crimes against persons (2) NA NA Crimes against property: 10 6 Robbery 0 0 Burglary 8 2 Larceny-theft 19 0 Motor vehicle theft 7 0 Arson 8 6 Destruction/damage/vandalism 10 7 Other (2) 36 0 Crimes against society (2) NA NA Victim Type Religious Society/ Offense organization public Total 2 4 Crimes against persons (2) NA NA Crimes against property: 7 10 Robbery 0 0 Burglary 16 5 Larceny-theft 3 0 Motor vehicle theft 0 0 Arson 15 6 Destruction/damage/vandalism 7 11 Other (2) 0 0 Crimes against society (2) NA 100 Victim Type Other/ unknown/ Offense multiple Total 6 Crimes against persons (2) NA Crimes against property: 19 Robbery 1 Burglary 13 Larceny-theft 6 Motor vehicle theft 7 Arson 6 Destruction/damage/vandalism 21 Other (2) 14 Crimes against society (2) NA (1) Because of rounding, percentages may not add to totals. (2) Includes offenses collected in NIBRS, with the exception of the offenses listed. Table 8 Number of Offenses by State, 1999 Crimes against persons Murder and Total nonnegligent Forcible State offenses manslaughter rape Total 9,301 17 6 Alaska 6 0 0 Arizona 307 2 0 Arkansas 9 0 0 California 2,295 4 1 Colorado 189 0 1 Connecticut 212 0 0 Delaware 42 0 0 District of Columbia 6 0 0 Florida 303 2 0 Georgia 40 0 0 Idaho 49 0 0 Illinois 297 2 1 Indiana 127 1 0 Iowa 33 0 0 Kansas 45 0 0 Kentucky 100 0 0 Louisiana 7 0 0 Maine 23 0 0 Maryland 252 0 0 Massachusetts 492 0 0 Michigan 492 0 0 Minnesota 266 0 1 Mississippi 2 1 0 Missouri 119 1 0 Montana 34 0 0 Nebraska 40 0 0 Nevada 106 0 0 New Hampshire 21 0 0 New Jersey 663 0 0 New Mexico 19 0 0 New York 602 0 0 North Carolina 37 0 1 North Dakota 2 0 0 Ohio 283 0 0 Oklahoma 51 2 0 Oregon 135 0 0 Pennsylvania 244 0 0 Rhode Island 44 0 0 South Carolina 61 0 0 South Dakota 14 0 0 Tennessee 149 0 1 Texas 335 0 0 Utah 74 0 0 Vermont 23 0 0 Virginia 238 0 0 Washington 300 0 0 West Virginia 38 1 0 Wisconsin 73 1 0 Wyoming 2 0 0 Crimes against persons Aggravated Simple Intimi- State assault assault dation Total 1,120 1,766 3,268 Alaska 2 0 4 Arizona 36 63 117 Arkansas 0 0 9 California 330 507 737 Colorado 32 18 72 Connecticut 51 6 92 Delaware 3 4 19 District of Columbia 1 4 1 Florida 75 67 58 Georgia 4 6 17 Idaho 12 10 12 Illinois 61 81 78 Indiana 4 24 53 Iowa 11 3 4 Kansas 2 10 31 Kentucky 27 11 35 Louisiana 1 1 2 Maine 1 7 7 Maryland 37 49 7 Massachusetts 44 66 200 Michigan 53 103 164 Minnesota 23 49 120 Mississippi 0 0 0 Missouri 14 13 72 Montana 2 8 15 Nebraska 7 8 8 Nevada 27 18 32 New Hampshire 0 7 8 New Jersey 25 62 267 New Mexico 7 8 3 New York 2 71 268 North Carolina 1 1 25 North Dakota 1 0 0 Ohio 12 79 121 Oklahoma 6 7 10 Oregon 13 24 58 Pennsylvania 32 45 119 Rhode Island 3 6 28 South Carolina 5 16 20 South Dakota 3 10 0 Tennessee 15 25 48 Texas 51 83 111 Utah 11 25 11 Vermont 3 13 1 Virginia 28 58 34 Washington 25 60 135 West Virginia 3 12 7 Wisconsin 13 17 28 Wyoming 1 1 0 Crimes against Crimes against property persons State Other (1) Robbery Burglary Total 12 129 112 Alaska 0 0 0 Arizona 0 4 3 Arkansas 0 0 0 California 0 69 16 Colorado 0 2 3 Connecticut 0 1 2 Delaware 0 0 0 District of Columbia 0 0 0 Florida 0 9 4 Georgia 0 1 1 Idaho 0 0 1 Illinois 0 4 1 Indiana 0 1 0 Iowa 0 0 2 Kansas 0 1 0 Kentucky 0 0 3 Louisiana 0 0 0 Maine 0 0 0 Maryland 0 1 3 Massachusetts 0 5 5 Michigan 6 2 10 Minnesota 0 4 0 Mississippi 0 0 0 Missouri 0 1 1 Montana 0 0 1 Nebraska 1 1 0 Nevada 0 1 4 New Hampshire 0 0 0 New Jersey 0 0 2 New Mexico 0 0 0 New York 0 5 11 North Carolina 0 0 0 North Dakota 0 0 0 Ohio 0 2 6 Oklahoma 0 0 4 Oregon 0 1 0 Pennsylvania 0 1 0 Rhode Island 0 0 0 South Carolina 1 0 4 South Dakota 0 0 0 Tennessee 2 1 7 Texas 0 3 4 Utah 0 0 1 Vermont 0 0 0 Virginia 2 2 10 Washington 0 4 2 West Virginia 0 0 1 Wisconsin 0 3 0 Wyoming 0 0 0 Crimes against property Motor Larceny- vehicle State theft theft Arson Total 103 14 48 Alaska 0 0 0 Arizona 0 0 0 Arkansas 0 0 0 California 9 2 11 Colorado 9 1 2 Connecticut 0 0 1 Delaware 0 0 0 District of Columbia 0 0 0 Florida 1 0 6 Georgia 0 0 0 Idaho 2 0 0 Illinois 0 0 0 Indiana 1 0 0 Iowa 0 0 2 Kansas 0 0 0 Kentucky 2 0 3 Louisiana 0 0 0 Maine 0 0 0 Maryland 1 0 0 Massachusetts 9 0 3 Michigan 31 4 1 Minnesota 1 0 1 Mississippi 0 0 0 Missouri 0 0 0 Montana 0 0 0 Nebraska 0 0 2 Nevada 1 1 0 New Hampshire 0 0 0 New Jersey 2 0 0 New Mexico 0 0 0 New York 1 0 5 North Carolina 0 0 0 North Dakota 0 0 0 Ohio 2 0 0 Oklahoma 0 0 1 Oregon 1 0 0 Pennsylvania 1 0 1 Rhode Island 1 0 0 South Carolina 1 0 0 South Dakota 0 0 0 Tennessee 9 0 1 Texas 1 1 1 Utah 0 1 1 Vermont 2 0 0 Virginia 11 3 4 Washington 1 0 2 West Virginia 3 0 0 Wisconsin 0 1 0 Wyoming 0 0 0 Crimes against property Destruction/ Crimes damage/ against State vandalism Other (1) society (1) Total 2,654 22 30 Alaska 0 0 0 Arizona 82 0 0 Arkansas 0 0 0 California 609 0 0 Colorado 48 1 0 Connecticut 58 0 1 Delaware 16 0 0 District of Columbia 0 0 0 Florida 81 0 0 Georgia 11 0 0 Idaho 10 2 0 Illinois 69 0 0 Indiana 43 0 0 Iowa 11 0 0 Kansas 1 0 0 Kentucky 17 1 1 Louisiana 3 0 0 Maine 8 0 0 Maryland 154 0 0 Massachusetts 155 2 3 Michigan 96 10 12 Minnesota 67 0 0 Mississippi 1 0 0 Missouri 17 0 0 Montana 8 0 0 Nebraska 13 0 0 Nevada 22 0 0 New Hampshire 6 0 0 New Jersey 305 0 0 New Mexico 1 0 0 New York 239 0 0 North Carolina 9 0 0 North Dakota 1 0 0 Ohio 60 0 1 Oklahoma 21 0 0 Oregon 38 0 0 Pennsylvania 45 0 0 Rhode Island 6 0 0 South Carolina 13 0 1 South Dakota 1 0 0 Tennessee 33 3 4 Texas 79 1 0 Utah 21 1 2 Vermont 4 0 0 Virginia 82 1 3 Washington 71 0 0 West Virginia 9 0 2 Wisconsin 10 0 0 Wyoming 0 0 0 (1) Includes offenses collected in NIBRS, with the exception of the 11 offenses listed. Table 9 Number of Victims by Bias Motivation and Offense Type, 1999 Crimes against persons Murder and nonneg- ligent Total mans- Forcible Bias Motivation victims laughter rape Total 9,802 17 6 Single-Bias Incidents 9,792 17 6 Race: 5,485 9 4 Anti-White 996 3 2 Anti-Black 3,679 4 2 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 50 0 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 379 2 0 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 381 0 0 Religion: 1,686 2 0 Anti-Jewish 1,289 0 0 Anti-Catholic 41 0 0 Anti-Protestant 50 0 0 Anti-Islamic 34 0 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 221 2 0 Anti-Multi-ReligiousGroup 46 0 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 5 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 1,558 3 1 Anti-Male Homosexual 1,070 2 0 Anti-Female Homosexual 231 0 1 Anti-Homosexual 216 1 0 Anti-Heterosexual 16 0 0 Anti-Bisexual 25 0 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,040 3 0 Anti-Hispanic 588 3 0 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 452 0 0 Origin Disability: 23 0 1 Anti-Physical 13 0 0 Anti-Mental 10 0 1 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 10 0 0 Crimes against person Aggra- vated Simple Intimi- Bias Motivation assault assault dation Total 1,120 1,766 3,268 Single-Bias Incidents 1,120 1,765 3,265 Race: 743 1,083 1,907 Anti-White 211 287 232 Anti-Black 451 641 1,436 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 4 21 9 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 32 86 114 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 45 48 116 Religion: 23 57 499 Anti-Jewish 14 42 420 Anti-Catholic 0 2 8 Anti-Protestant 1 1 6 Anti-Islamic 2 6 7 Anti-Other Religious Group 5 6 50 Anti-Multi-ReligiousGroup 1 0 6 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 2 Sexual Orientation: 180 391 477 Anti-Male Homosexual 128 308 329 Anti-Female Homosexual 18 50 87 Anti-Homosexual 32 26 55 Anti-Heterosexual 0 5 6 Anti-Bisexual 2 2 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 173 227 376 Anti-Hispanic 115 144 189 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 58 83 187 Origin Disability: 1 7 6 Anti-Physical 0 3 2 Anti-Mental 1 4 4 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 1 3 Crimes against Crimes persons against property Bias Motivation Other (1) Robbery Burglary Total 12 158 132 Single-Bias Incidents 12 157 131 Race: 5 77 60 Anti-White 2 39 15 Anti-Black 2 36 37 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 0 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 0 1 7 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 1 1 1 Religion: 0 0 35 Anti-Jewish 0 0 14 Anti-Catholic 0 0 1 Anti-Protestant 0 0 2 Anti-Islamic 0 0 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 0 0 11 Anti-Multi-ReligiousGroup 0 0 7 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 6 68 24 Anti-Male Homosexual 3 59 11 Anti-Female Homosexual 0 1 5 Anti-Homosexual 0 8 3 Anti-Heterosexual 2 0 0 Anti-Bisexual 1 0 5 Ethnicity/National Origin: 1 12 9 Anti-Hispanic 0 6 4 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 1 6 5 Origin Disability: 0 0 3 Anti-Physical 0 0 3 Anti-Mental 0 0 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 1 1 Crimes against property Motor Larceny- vehicle Bias Motivation theft theft Arson Total 112 14 64 Single-Bias Incidents 112 14 64 Race: 61 9 30 Anti-White 26 3 7 Anti-Black 20 3 18 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 5 0 0 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 7 3 5 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 3 0 0 Religion: 25 2 21 Anti-Jewish 7 1 13 Anti-Catholic 3 1 0 Anti-Protestant 2 0 1 Anti-Islamic 4 0 1 Anti-Other Religious Group 4 0 5 Anti-Multi-ReligiousGroup 4 0 1 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 1 0 0 Sexual Orientation: 20 2 5 Anti-Male Homosexual 5 0 2 Anti-Female Homosexual 4 0 1 Anti-Homosexual 5 0 2 Anti-Heterosexual 1 0 0 Anti-Bisexual 5 2 0 Ethnicity/National Origin: 4 1 8 Anti-Hispanic 3 1 5 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 1 0 3 Origin Disability: 2 0 0 Anti-Physical 2 0 0 Anti-Mental 0 0 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 0 0 Crimes against property Destruc- tion/ Crimes damage/ against Bias Motivation vandalism Other (1) society (1) Total 3,078 25 30 Single-Bias Incidents 3,074 25 30 Race: 1,459 17 21 Anti-White 149 11 9 Anti-Black 1,014 6 9 Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 9 0 2 Native Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 121 0 1 Anti-Multi-Racial Group 166 0 0 Religion: 1,015 5 2 Anti-Jewish 777 0 1 Anti-Catholic 25 1 0 Anti-Protestant 35 1 1 Anti-Islamic 14 0 0 Anti-Other Religious Group 136 2 0 Anti-Multi-ReligiousGroup 27 0 0 Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 1 1 0 Sexual Orientation: 376 2 3 Anti-Male Homosexual 221 1 1 Anti-Female Homosexual 64 0 0 Anti-Homosexual 83 0 1 Anti-Heterosexual 2 0 0 Anti-Bisexual 6 1 1 Ethnicity/National Origin: 222 0 4 Anti-Hispanic 116 0 2 Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 106 0 2 Origin Disability: 2 1 0 Anti-Physical 2 1 0 Anti-Mental 0 0 0 Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 4 0 0 (1) Includes offenses collected in NIBRS, with the exception of the 11 offenses listed. (2) A multiple-bias incident is any hate crime indident in which one or more of the offenses were committed as a result of two or more bias motivations. Table 10 Percent Distribution of Incidents by Bias Motivation and Victim Type, 1999 Victim Type Business/ financial Bias Motivation Total (1) Individual institution Race 100 83 4 Religion 100 55 5 Sexual orientation 100 90 2 Ethnicity/National Origin 100 90 4 Disability 100 100 0 Multiple Bias 100 40 0 Victim Type Religious Bias Motivation Government organization Race 2 0 Religion 3 11 Sexual orientation 2 0 Ethnicity/National Origin 0 1 Disability 0 0 Multiple Bias 0 0 Victim Type Other/ Society/ unknown/ Bias Motivation public multiple Race 4 6 Religion 8 17 Sexual orientation 1 5 Ethnicity/National Origin 1 4 Disability 0 0 Multiple Bias 0 60 (1) Because of rounding, percentages may not add to totals. Table 11 Number of Known Offenders by Race, 1999 Offender's race Total 7,271 White 4,954 Black 1,171 American Indian/Alaskan Native 55 Asian/Pacific Islander 117 Multi-Racial Group 312 Unknown Race 662
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