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Data on Persons Earning the Prevailing Federal Minimum Wage - Statistical Data Included
Steven E. HaugenThis issue of Employment and Earnings introduces two tables that contain annual data on wage and salary workers pa d hourly rates who earn the prevailing Federal minimum wage ($5.15 per hour in 1999) or less. Annual average data for 1999 are presented in tables 44 and 45 (pp. 223-224). Table 44 shows data by major demographic characteristics and full- or part-time status. Table 45 contains data by occupation and industry.
Information on hourly-paid workers with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage is obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a monthly sample survey of about 50,000 households that is used to collect employment and unemployment data for the Nation. This survey also includes a series of questions on earnings that are asked of one-fourth of the monthly CPS sample households. Data on minimum wage workers are derived from survey questions that identify hourly-paid workers and obtain their hourly wage rate.
When a person is identified as an hourly-paid worker, the respondent for the household (typically one member of the household reports for all other members) is asked: "What is--`s hourly rate of pay on this job?" exclusive of any overtime pay, tips, and commissions. Data refer to earnings on a person's sole or principal job, and exclude all self-employed workers, regardless of whether or not their business is incorporated. Reported wage rates equal to the prevailing Federal minimum wage are tabulated as "At prevailing Federal minimum wage" and wage rates below the minimum are tabulated as "Below prevailing Federal minimum wage."
BLS has tabulated data on minimum and subminimum wage workers from the CPS since 1979, when the Bureau began collecting earnings data on a regular monthly basis in this survey. BLS has incorporated the data in analytical pieces; the unpublished data, which always have been available upon request, have been widely used to study the number and characteristics of minimum wage workers. Over the years, the demand for these data has grown so dramatically that BLS has decided to publish the figures on a regular basis.
Users of these data should be aware that hourly-paid worker; with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage may or may not be subject to (or exempt from) the minimum wage provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the Federal law that establishes a minimum wage standard.(1) Although the law covers the majority of wage and salary workers in the United States, the FLSA contains numerous exemptions and coverage exclusions. For example, some workers, such as those in bona fide executive, administrative, and professional occupations, are excluded from the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA through specific exemptions. In addition, certain small retail or service establishments are not covered by the law based on their limited sales volume.
Not only are there numerous exemptions under the minimum wage statute, there also are provisions under the law that allow certain workers to be paid a cash wage less than the minimum. For example, tipped employees can be paid a cash wage lower than the minimum, as long as their tips, combined with the cash wage received from their employer, equals the prevailing minimum. Thus, the existence of workers with wages below the Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA.
Much of the information needed to determine whether the law applies to particular individuals is not readily available from a household survey such as the CPS. For example, even if asked in the survey, few household respondents would likely know the annual sales volume of their employer. For this reason, it is not possible to accurately determine the legal status (with respect to the FLSA) of all minimum and subminimum wage earners, as measured by the CPS.
Users also should keep in mind that response error in the survey may result in a number of workers being reported with wages below the minimum when they actually earned the minimum wage (or more). Some survey respondents (who may be proxy respondents) might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar, and depending on the prevailing minimum wage level, may report a wage less than the minimum, even though the reference person was, in fact, paid the minimum wage. For example, in 1999, some persons earning the prevailing minimum wage of $5.15 might have been reported with a wage of $5.00, simply because of rounding. Similarly, some might have been reported with a wage of $5.25 or $5.50.
It also should be noted that estimates of minimum and subminimum wage workers pertain to workers paid at hourly rates (about three-fifths of all wage and salary workers); salaried and other non-hourly workers are excluded. As such, the actual number of workers whose hourly pay would be at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage is undoubtedly understated. Research has shown that a relatively small number and share of salaried and other workers not paid by the hour have earnings that, when translated into hourly rates, are at or below the minimum wage. However, these workers are not included in the attached tables because of difficulties in estimating the hourly earnings of those not paid by the hour.(2)
Finally, users should remember that, as with all data from a sample survey, estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling errors (the latter includes the rounding issue mentioned above). For more information on these sources of error, see the "Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error" section in the back of this publication.
[Charts 1-2 OMITTED]
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998 1999
Category Dec. Jan. Feb.
Labor force status
Civilian
noninstitutional
population 206,270 206,719 206,873
Civilian labor force 138,545 139,232 139,137
Percent of population 67.2 67.4 67.3
Employed 132,517 133,225 133,029
Percent of population 64.2 64.4 64.3
Unemployed 6,028 6,007 6,108
Not in labor force 67,725 67,487 67,736
Unemployment rates
All workers 4.4 4.3 4.4
Men, 20 years and over 3.6 3.5 3.7
Women, 20 years and over 3.9 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 14.0 15.1 14.2
White 3.8 3.8 3.8
Black 7.8 8.2 8.2
Hispanic origin 6.7 6.8 6.8
1999
Category Mar. Apr. May
Labor force status
Civilian
noninstitutional
population 207,036 207,236 207,427
Civilian labor force 138,804 139,086 139,013
Percent of population 67.0 67.1 67.0
Employed 132,976 133,054 133,190
Percent of population 64.2 64.2 64.2
Unemployed 5,828 6,032 5,823
Not in labor force 68,232 68,150 68,414
Unemployment rates
All workers 4.2 4.3 4.2
Men, 20 years and over 3.3 3.5 3.6
Women, 20 years and over 3.9 4.0 3.7
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 14.2 14.1 13.1
White 3.6 3.8 3.7
Black 8.0 7.8 7.6
Hispanic origin 6.0 6.8 6.7
1999
Category June July Aug.
Labor force status
Civilian
noninstitutional
population 207,632 207,828 208,038
Civilian labor force 139,332 139,336 139,372
Percent of population 67.1 67.0 67.0
Employed 133,398 133,399 133,530
Percent of population 64.2 64.2 64.2
Unemployed 5,934 5,937 5,842
Not in labor force 68,300 68,492 68,666
Unemployment rates
All workers 4.3 4.3 4.2
Men, 20 years and over 3.5 3.5 3.5
Women, 20 years and over 3.8 3.9 3.7
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 13.6 13.2 13.5
White 3.8 3.7 3.7
Black 7.6 8.6 7.8
Hispanic origin 6.6 6.3 6.5
1999
Category Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Labor force status
Civilian
noninstitutional
population 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832
Civilian labor force 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108
Percent of population 67.0 67.0 67.0 67.1
Employed 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420
Percent of population 64.2 64.2 64.3 64.4
Unemployed 5,825 5,757 5,736 5,688
Not in labor force 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724
Unemployment rates
All workers 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1
Men, 20 years and over 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3
Women, 20 years and over 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 14.6 13.8 14.0 13.8
White 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5
Black 8.3 8.3 8.0 7.9
Hispanic origin 6.6 6.3 6.1 5.9
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998 1999
Industry Dec. Jan. Feb.
Employment
Total 127,186 127,378 127,730
Total private 107,213 107,386 107,676
Goods-producing
industries 24,354 25,315 25,329
Mining 570 560 553
Construction 6,173 6,170 6,238
Manufacturing 18,611 18,585 18,538
Service-producing
industries 101,832 102,063 102,401
Transportation and
public utilities 6,684 6,708 6,723
Wholesale trade 6,901 6,924 6,937
Retail trade 22,525 22,556 22,648
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 7,542 7,570 7,581
Services 38,207 38,313 38,458
Government 19,973 19,992 20,054
Over-the-month change
Total 345 192 352
Total private 320 173 290
Goods-producing
industries 56 -39 14
Mining -4 -10 -7
Construction 88 -3 68
Manufacturing -28 -26 -47
Service-producing
industries 289 231 338
Transportation and
public utilities 13 24 15
Wholesale trade 10 23 13
Retail trade 82 31 92
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 22 28 11
Services 137 106 145
Government 25 19 62
Hours of work(1)
Total private 34.6 34.6 34.6
Manufacturing 41.7 41.6 41.6
Overtime 4.5 4.5 4.5
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982=100)(1)
Total private 146.6 146.8 147.3
Manufacturing 107.5 107.1 106.8
Earnings(1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars $12.98 $13.04 $13.06
Constant (1982)
dollars(2) 7.81 7.83 7.84
Average weekly
earnings, total
private 449.11 451.18 451.88
1999
Industry Mar. Apr. May
Employment
Total 127,813 128,134 128,162
Total private 107,726 108,035 108,085
Goods-producing
industries 25,285 25,288 25,199
Mining 550 538 531
Construction 6,232 6,277 6,239
Manufacturing 18,503 18,473 18,429
Service-producing
industries 102,528 102,846 102,963
Transportation and
public utilities 6,732 6,750 6,758
Wholesale trade 6,947 6,965 6,977
Retail trade 22,611 22,724 22,748
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 7,595 7,611 7,621
Services 38,556 38,697 38,782
Government 20,087 20,099 20,077
Over-the-month change
Total 83 321 28
Total private 50 309 50
Goods-producing
industries -44 3 -89
Mining -3 -12 -7
Construction -6 45 -38
Manufacturing -35 -30 -44
Service-producing
industries 127 318 117
Transportation and
public utilities 9 18 8
Wholesale trade 10 18 12
Retail trade -37 113 24
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 14 16 10
Services 98 141 85
Government 33 12 -22
Hours of work(1)
Total private 34.5 34.4 34.4
Manufacturing 41.5 41.6 41.7
Overtime 4.5 4.3 4.6
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982-100)(1)
Total private 146.8 147.0 147.2
Manufacturing 106.5 106.5 106.5
Earnings(1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars $13.11 $13.14 $13.18
Constant (1982)
dollars(2) 7.86 7.83 7.85
Average weekly
earnings, total
private 452.30 452.02 453.39
1999
Industry June July Aug.
Employment
Total 128,443 128,816 128,945
Total private 108,338 108,663 108,735
Goods-producing
industries 25,180 25,247 25,148
Mining 526 528 524
Construction 6,258 6,270 6,246
Manufacturing 18,396 18,449 18,378
Service-producing
industries 103,263 103,569 103,797
Transportation and
public utilities 6,781 6,799 6,813
Wholesale trade 6,993 7,012 7,031
Retail trade 22,796 22,903 22,888
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 7,636 7,647 7,650
Services 38,952 39,055 39,205
Government 20,105 20,153 20,210
Over-the-month change
Total 281 373 129
Total private 253 325 72
Goods-producing
industries -19 67 -99
Mining -5 2 -4
Construction 19 12 -24
Manufacturing -33 53 -71
Service-producing
industries 300 306 228
Transportation and
public utilities 23 18 14
Wholesale trade 16 19 19
Retail trade 48 107 -15
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 15 11 3
Services 170 103 150
Government 28 48 57
Hours of work(1)
Total private 34.5 34.5 34.5
Manufacturing 41.7 41.9 41.8
Overtime 4.7 4.7 4.7
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982=100)(1)
Total private 147.8 148.3 148.4
Manufacturing 106.3 107.3 106.4
Earnings(1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars $13.24 $13.28 $13.29
Constant (1982)
dollars(2) 7.89 7.88 7.87
Average weekly
earnings, total
private 456.78 458.16 458.51
1999
Industry Sept. Oct. Nov.(p) Dec.(p)
Employment
Total 129,048 129,332 129,554 129,899
Total private 108,830 109,095 109,296 109,547
Goods-producing
industries 25,186 25,198 25,260 25,277
Mining 527 528 527 529
Construction 6,293 6,314 6,369 6,385
Manufacturing 18,366 18,356 18,364 18,363
Service-producing
industries 103,862 104,134 104,294 104,592
Transportation and
public utilities 6,831 6,841 6,860 6,892
Wholesale trade 7,041 7,064 7,066 7,082
Retail trade 22,862 22,891 22,887 22,952
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 7,653 7,668 7,678 7,690
Services 39,257 39,433 39,545 39,654
Government 20,218 20,237 20,258 20,322
Over-the-month change
Total 103 284 222 315
Total private 95 265 201 251
Goods-producing
industries 38 12 62 17
Mining 3 1 -1 2
Construction 47 21 55 16
Manufacturing -12 -10 8 -1
Service-producing
industries 65 272 160 298
Transportation and
public utilities 18 10 19 32
Wholesale trade 10 23 2 16
Retail trade -26 29 -4 65
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 3 15 10 12
Services 52 176 112 109
Government 8 19 21 64
Hours of work(1)
Total private 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5
Manufacturing 41.8 41.8 41.7 41.7
Overtime 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982=100)(1)
Total private 148.2 148.8 149.2 149.3
Manufacturing 106.4 106.2 106.1 106.0
Earnings(1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.46
Constant (1982)
dollars(2) 7.86 7.87 7.86 N.A.
Average weekly
earnings, total
private 459.24 461.96 462.30 464.37
(1) Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
(2) The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
N.A. = not available.
(p) = preliminary.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Year noninsti- Percent
and tutional Number of
month population population
1966 128,058 75,770 59.2
1967 129,874 77,347 59.6
1968 132,028 78,737 59.6
1969 134,335 80,734 60.1
1970 137,085 82,771 60.4
1971 140,216 84,382 60.2
1972(1) 144,126 87,034 60.4
1973(1) 147,096 89,429 60.8
1974 150,120 91,949 61.3
1975 153,153 93,775 61.2
1976 156,150 96,158 61.6
1977 159,033 99,009 62.3
1978(1) 161,910 102,251 63.2
1979 164,863 104,962 63.7
1980 167,745 106,940 63.8
1981 170,130 108,670 63.9
1982 172,271 110,204 64.0
1983 174,215 111,550 64.0
1984 176,383 113,544 64.4
1985 178,206 115,461 64.8
1986(1) 180,587 117,834 65.3
1987 182,753 119,865 65.6
1988 184,613 121,669 65.9
1989 186,393 123,869 66.5
1990(1) 189,164 125,840 66.5
1991 190,925 126,346 66.2
1992 192,805 128,105 66.4
1993 194,838 129,200 66.3
1994(1) 196,814 131,056 66.6
1995 198,584 132,304 66.6
1996 200,591 133,943 66.8
1997(1) 203,133 136,297 67.1
1998(1) 205,220 137,673 67.1
1999(2) 207,753 139,368 67.1
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 206,270 138,545 67.2
1999:
January(2) 206,719 139,232 67.4
February 206,873 139,137 67.3
March 207,036 138,804 67.0
April 207,236 139,086 67.1
May 207,427 139,013 67.0
June 207,632 139,332 67.1
July 207,828 139,336 67.0
August 208,038 139,372 67.0
September 208,265 139,475 67.0
October 208,483 139,697 67.0
November 208,666 139,834 67.0
December 208,832 140,108 67.1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Year
and Percent Nonagriculture
month Number of Agriculture industries
population
1966 72,895 56.9 3,979 68,915
1967 74,372 57.3 3,844 70,527
1968 75,920 57.5 3,817 72,103
1969 77,902 58.0 3,606 74,296
1970 78,678 57.4 3,463 75,215
1971 79,367 56.6 3,394 75,972
1972(1) 82,153 57.0 3,484 78,669
1973(1) 85,064 57.8 3,470 81,594
1974 86,794 57.8 3,515 83,279
1975 85,846 56.1 3,408 82,438
1976 88,752 56.8 3,331 85,421
1977 92,017 57.9 3,283 88,734
1978(1) 96,048 59.3 3,387 92,661
1979 98,824 59.9 3,347 95,477
1980 99,303 59.2 3,364 95,938
1981 100,397 59.0 3,368 97,030
1982 99,526 57.8 3,401 96,125
1983 100,834 57.9 3,383 97,450
1984 105,005 59.5 3,321 101,685
1985 107,150 60.1 3,179 103,971
1986(1) 109,597 60.7 3,163 106,434
1987 112,440 61.5 3,208 109,232
1988 114,968 62.3 3,169 111,800
1989 117,342 63.0 3,199 114,142
1990(1) 118,793 62.8 3,223 115,570
1991 117,718 61.7 3,269 114,449
1992 118,492 61.5 3,247 115,245
1993 120,259 61.7 3,115 117,144
1994(1) 123,060 62.5 3,409 119,651
1995 124,900 62.9 3,440 121,460
1996 126,708 63.2 3,443 123,264
1997(1) 129,558 63.8 3,399 126,159
1998(1) 131,463 64.1 3,378 128,085
1999(2) 133,488 64.3 3,281 130,207
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 132,517 64.2 3,241 129,276
1999:
January(2) 133,225 64.4 3,297 129,928
February 133,029 64.3 3,328 129,701
March 132,976 64.2 3,290 129,686
April 133,054 64.2 3,341 129,713
May 133,190 64.2 3,290 129,900
June 133,398 64.2 3,330 130,068
July 133,399 64.2 3,278 130,121
August 133,530 64.2 3,234 130,296
September 133,650 64.2 3,179 130,471
October 133,940 64.2 3,238 130,702
November 134,098 64.3 3,310 130,788
December 134,420 64.4 3,279 131,141
Civilian labor force
Unemployed Not in
Year Percent labor
and of force
month Number labor
force
1966 2,875 3.8 52,288
1967 2,975 3.8 52,527
1968 2,817 3.6 53,291
1969 2,832 3.5 53,602
1970 4,093 4.9 54,315
1971 5,016 5.9 55,834
1972(1) 4,882 5.6 57,091
1973(1) 4,365 4.9 57,667
1974 5,156 5.6 58,171
1975 7,929 8.5 59,377
1976 7,406 7.7 59,991
1977 6,991 7.1 60,025
1978(1) 6,202 6.1 59,659
1979 6,137 5.8 59,900
1980 7,637 7.1 60,806
1981 8,273 7.6 61,460
1982 10,678 9.7 62,067
1983 10,717 9.6 62,665
1984 8,539 7.5 62,839
1985 8,312 7.2 62,744
1986(1) 8,237 7.0 62,752
1987 7,425 6.2 62,888
1988 6,701 5.5 62,944
1989 6,528 5.3 62,523
1990(1) 7,047 5.6 63,324
1991 8,628 6.8 64,578
1992 9,613 7.5 64,700
1993 8,940 6.9 65,638
1994(1) 7,996 6.1 65,758
1995 7,404 5.6 66,280
1996 7,236 5.4 66,647
1997(1) 6,739 4.9 66,837
1998(1) 6,210 4.5 67,547
1999(2) 5,880 4.2 68,385
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 6,028 4.4 67,725
1999:
January(2) 6,007 4.3 67,487
February 6,108 4.4 67,736
March 5,828 4.2 68,232
April 6,032 4.3 68,150
May 5,823 4.2 68,414
June 5,934 4.3 68,300
July 5,937 4.3 68,492
August 5,842 4.2 68,666
September 5,825 4.2 68,790
October 5,757 4.1 68,786
November 5,736 4.1 68,832
December 5,688 4.1 68,724
(1) Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
(2) Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1998 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February 1999 issue of this publication.
(3) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-1 through A-13 have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. Data for 1995-99 are subject to revision. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Sex, year, noninsti- Percent
and month tutional of
population Number population
Annual average
MEN
1988 87,857 66,927 76.2
1989 88,762 67,840 76.4
1990(1) 90,377 69,011 76.4
1991 91,278 69,168 75.8
1992 92,270 69,964 75.8
1993 93,332 70,404 75.4
1994(1) 94,355 70,817 75.1
1995 95,178 71,360 75.0
1996 96,206 72,087 74.9
1997(1) 97,715 73,261 75.0
1998(1) 98,758 73,959 74.9
1999(2) 99,722 74,512 74.7
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 99,309 74,382 74.9
1999:
January(2) 99,198 74,506 75.1
February 99,279 74,462 75.0
March 99,362 74,218 74.7
April 99,465 74,270 74.7
May 99,563 74,318 74.6
June 99,668 74,414 74.7
July 99,761 74,498 74.7
August 99,863 74,499 74.6
September 99,976 74,643 74.7
October 100,088 74,680 74.6
November 100,179 74,728 74.6
December 100,264 74,930 74.7
Annual averages
WOMEN
1988 96,756 54,742 56.6
1989 97,630 56,030 57.4
1990(1) 98,787 56,829 57.5
1991 99,646 57,178 57.4
1992 100,535 58,141 57.8
1993 101,506 58,795 57.9
1994(1) 102,460 60,239 58.8
1995 103,406 60,944 58.9
1996 104,385 61,857 59.3
1997(1) 105,418 63,036 59.8
1998(1) 106,462 63,714 59.8
1999(2) 108,031 64,855 60.0
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 106,960 64,163 60.0
1999:
January(2) 107,521 64,726 60.2
February 107,593 64,675 60.1
March 107,674 64,586 60.0
April 107,771 64,816 60.1
May 107,864 64,695 60.0
June 107,964 64,918 60.1
July 108,067 64,838 60.0
August 108,175 64,873 60.0
September 108,289 64,832 59.9
October 108,395 65,017 60.0
November 108,487 65,106 60.0
December 108,569 65,178 60.0
Civilian labor force
Employed
Percent
Sex, year, of Nonagricultural
and month Number population Agriculture industries
Annual averages
MEN
1988 63,273 72.0 2,493 60,780
1989 64,315 72.5 2,513 61,802
1990(1) 65,104 72.0 2,546 62,559
1991 64,223 70.4 2,589 61,634
1992 64,440 69.8 2,575 61,866
1993 65,349 70.0 2,478 62,871
1994(1) 66,450 70.4 2,554 63,896
1995 67,377 70.8 2,559 64,818
1996 68,207 70.9 2,573 65,634
1997(1) 69,685 71.3 2,552 67,133
1998(1) 70,693 71.6 2,553 68,140
1999(2) 71,446 71.6 2,432 69,014
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 71,173 71.7 2,421 68,752
1999:
January(2) 71,368 71.9 2,456 68,912
February 71,230 71.7 2,449 68,781
March 71,269 71.7 2,426 68,843
April 71,208 71.6 2,489 68,719
May 71,207 71.5 2,420 68,787
June 71,330 71.6 2,430 68,900
July 71,437 71.6 2,435 69,002
August 71,436 71.5 2,409 69,027
September 71,630 71.6 2,361 69,269
October 71,623 71.6 2,389 69,234
November 71,732 71.6 2,501 69,231
December 71,927 71.7 2,440 69,487
Annual averages
WOMEN
1988 51,696 53.4 676 51,020
1989 53,027 54.3 687 52,341
1990(1) 53,689 54.3 678 53,011
1991 53,496 53.7 680 52,815
1992 54,052 53.8 672 53,380
1993 54,910 54.1 637 54,273
1994(1) 56,610 55.3 855 55,755
1995 57,523 55.6 881 56,642
1996 58,501 56.0 871 57,630
1997(1) 59,873 56.8 847 59,026
1998(1) 60,771 57.1 825 59,945
1999(2) 62,042 57.4 849 61,193
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 61,344 57.4 820 60,524
1999:
January(2) 61,857 57.5 841 61,016
February 61,799 57.4 879 60,920
March 61,707 57.3 864 60,843
April 61,846 57.4 852 60,994
May 61,983 57.5 870 61,113
June 62,062 57.5 900 61,168
July 61,962 57.3 843 61,119
August 62,094 57.4 825 61,269
September 62,020 57.3 818 61,202
October 62,317 57.5 849 61,468
November 62,366 57.5 809 61,557
December 62,493 57.6 839 61,654
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Percent
Sex, year, of Not in
and month labor labor
Number force force
Annual averages
MEN
1988 3,655 5.5 20,930
1989 3,525 5.2 20,923
1990(1) 3,906 5.7 21,367
1991 4,946 7.2 22,110
1992 5,523 7.9 22,306
1993 5,055 7.2 22,927
1994(1) 4,367 6.2 23,538
1995 3,983 5.6 23,818
1996 3,880 5.4 24,119
1997(1) 3,577 4.9 24,454
1998(1) 3,266 4.4 24,799
1999(2) 3,066 4.1 25,210
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 3,209 4.3 24,927
1999:
January(2) 3,138 4.2 24,692
February 3,232 4.3 24,817
March 2,949 4.0 25,144
April 3,062 4.1 25,195
May 3,111 4.2 25,245
June 3,084 4.1 25,254
July 3,061 4.1 25,263
August 3,063 4.1 25,364
September 3,013 4.0 25,333
October 3,057 4.1 25,408
November 2,996 4.0 25,451
December 3,003 4.0 25,334
Annual averages
WOMEN
1988 3,046 5.6 42,014
1989 3,003 5.4 41,601
1990(1) 3,140 5.5 41,957
1991 3,683 6.4 42,468
1992 4,090 7.0 42,394
1993 3,885 6.6 42,711
1994(1) 3,629 6.0 42,221
1995 3,421 5.6 42,462
1996 3,356 5.4 42,528
1997(1) 3,162 5.0 42,382
1998(1) 2,944 4.6 42,748
1999(2) 2,814 4.3 43,175
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted(3)
1998:
December 2,819 4.4 42,797
1999:
January(2) 2,869 4.4 42,795
February 2,876 4.4 42,918
March 2,879 4.5 43,088
April 2,970 4.6 42,955
May 2,712 4.2 43,169
June 2,850 4.4 43,046
July 2,876 4.4 43,229
August 2,779 4.3 43,302
September 2,812 4.3 43,457
October 2,700 4.2 43,378
November 2,740 4.2 43,381
December 2,685 4.1 43,391
(1) Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2 Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1998 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February 1999 issue of this publication.
(3) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. Data for 1995-99 are subject to revision. See the article in this issue for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998 1999
Employment status,
sex, and age Dec. Jan. Feb.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 206,270 206,719 206,873
Civilian labor force 138,545 139,232 139,137
Percent of population 67.2 67.4 67.3
Employed 132,517 133,225 133,029
Employment-population ratio 64.2 64.4 64.3
Unemployed 6,028 6,007 6,108
Unemployment rate 4.4 4.3 4.4
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 99,309 99,198 99,279
Civilian labor force 74,382 74,506 74,462
Percent of population 74.9 75.1 75.0
Employed 71,173 71,368 71,230
Employment-population ratio 71.7 71.9 71.7
Agriculture 2,421 2,456 2,449
Nonagricultural industries 68,752 68,912 68,781
Unemployed 3,209 3,138 3,232
Unemployment rate 4.3 4.2 4.3
Not in labor force 24,927 24,692 24,817
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 91,220 91,124 91,189
Civilian labor force 70,044 70,202 70,111
Percent of population 76.8 77.0 76.9
Employed 67,528 67,771 67,527
Employment-population ratio 74.0 74.4 74.1
Agriculture 2,254 2,304 2,231
Nonagricultural industries 65,274 65,467 65,296
Unemployed 2,516 2,431 2,584
Unemployment rate 3.6 3.5 3.7
Not in labor force 21,176 20,922 21,078
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 106,960 107,521 107,593
Civilian labor force 64,163 64,726 64,675
Percent of population 60.0 60.2 60.1
Employed 61,344 61,857 61,799
Employment-population ratio 57.4 57.5 57.4
Agriculture 820 841 879
Nonagricultural industries 60,524 61,016 60,920
Unemployed 2,819 2,869 2,876
Unemployment rate 4.4 4.4 4.4
Not in labor force 42,797 42,795 42,918
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 99,181 99,686 99,746
Civilian labor force 60,118 60,691 60,591
Percent of population 60.6 60.9 60.7
Employed 57,776 58,373 58,261
Employment-population ratio 58.3 58.6 58.4
Agriculture 767 802 822
Nonagricultural industries 57,009 57,571 57,439
Unemployed 2,342 2,318 2,330
Unemployment rate 3.9 3.8 3.8
Not in labor force 39,063 38,995 39,155
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional 15,868 15,909 15,939
population(1)
Civilian labor force 8,383 8,339 8,435
Percent of population 52.8 52.4 52.9
Employed 7,213 7,081 7,241
Employment-population ratio 45.5 44.5 45.4
Agriculture 220 191 275
Nonagricultural industries 6,993 6,890 6,966
Unemployed 1,170 1,258 1,194
Unemployment rate 14.0 15.1 14.2
Not in labor force 7,485 7,570 7,504
1999
Employment status,
sex, and age Mar. Apr. May
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 207,036 207,236 207,427
Civilian labor force 138,804 139,086 139,013
Percent of population 67.0 67.1 67.0
Employed 132,976 133,054 133,190
Employment-population ratio 64.2 64.2 64.2
Unemployed 5,828 6,032 5,823
Unemployment rate 4.2 4.3 4.2
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 99,362 99,465 99,563
Civilian labor force 74,218 74,270 74,318
Percent of population 74.7 74.7 74.6
Employed 71,269 71,208 71,207
Employment-population ratio 71.7 71.6 71.5
Agriculture 2,426 2,489 2,420
Nonagricultural industries 68,843 68,719 68,787
Unemployed 2,949 3,062 3,111
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.1 4.2
Not in labor force 25,144 25,195 25,245
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 91,215 91,302 91,368
Civilian labor force 69,934 69,992 69,978
Percent of population 76.7 76.7 76.6
Employed 67,628 67,562 67,470
Employment-population ratio 74.1 74.0 73.8
Agriculture 2,239 2,305 2,224
Nonagricultural industries 65,389 65,257 65,246
Unemployed 2,306 2,430 2,508
Unemployment rate 3.3 3.5 3.6
Not in labor force 21,281 21,310 21,390
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 107,674 107,771 107,864
Civilian labor force 64,586 64,816 64,695
Percent of population 60.0 60.1 60.0
Employed 61,707 61,846 61,983
Employment-population ratio 57.3 57.4 57.5
Agriculture 864 852 870
Nonagricultural industries 60,843 60,994 61,113
Unemployed 2,879 2,970 2,712
Unemployment rate 4.5 4.6 4.2
Not in labor force 43,088 42,955 43,169
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 99,833 99,923 100,008
Civilian labor force 60,554 60,765 60,708
Percent of population 60.7 60.8 60.7
Employed 58,216 58,336 58,483
Employment-population ratio 58.3 58.4 58.5
Agriculture 821 803 820
Nonagricultural industries 57,395 57,533 57,663
Unemployed 2,338 2,429 2,225
Unemployment rate 3.9 4.0 3.7
Not in labor force 39,279 39,158 39,300
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional 15,988 16,011 16,051
population(1)
Civilian labor force 8,316 8,329 8,327
Percent of population 52.0 52.0 51.9
Employed 7,132 7,156 7,237
Employment-population ratio 44.6 44.7 45.1
Agriculture 230 233 246
Nonagricultural industries 6,902 6,923 6,991
Unemployed 1,184 1,173 1,090
Unemployment rate 14.2 14.1 13.1
Not in labor force 7,672 7,682 7,724
1999
Employment status,
sex, and age June July Aug.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 207,632 207,828 208,038
Civilian labor force 139,332 139,336 139,372
Percent of population 67.1 67.0 67.0
Employed 133,398 133,399 133,530
Employment-population ratio 64.2 64.2 64.2
Unemployed 5,934 5,937 5,842
Unemployment rate 4.3 4.3 4.2
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 99,668 99,761 99,863
Civilian labor force 74,414 74,498 74,499
Percent of population 74.7 74.7 74.6
Employed 71,330 71,437 71,436
Employment-population ratio 71.6 71.6 71.5
Agriculture 2,430 2,435 2,409
Nonagricultural industries 68,900 69,002 69,027
Unemployed 3,084 3,061 3,063
Unemployment rate 4.1 4.1 4.1
Not in labor force 25,254 25,263 25,364
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 91,487 91,561 91,692
Civilian labor force 70,116 70,167 70,240
Percent of population 76.6 76.6 76.6
Employed 67,645 67,703 67,768
Employment-population ratio 73.9 73.9 73.9
Agriculture 2,246 2,256 2,237
Nonagricultural industries 65,399 65,447 65,531
Unemployed 2,471 2,464 2,472
Unemployment rate 3.5 3.5 3.5
Not in labor force 21,371 21,394 21,452
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 107,964 108,067 108,175
Civilian labor force 64,918 64,838 64,873
Percent of population 60.1 60.0 60.0
Employed 62,068 61,962 62,094
Employment-population ratio 57.5 57.3 57.4
Agriculture 900 843 825
Nonagricultural industries 61,168 61,119 61,269
Unemployed 2,850 2,876 2,779
Unemployment rate 4.4 4.4 4.3
Not in labor force 43,046 43,229 43,302
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 100,131 100,203 100,285
Civilian labor force 60,988 60,852 60,904
Percent of population 60.9 60.7 60.7
Employed 58,647 58,477 58,648
Employment-population ratio 58.6 58.4 58.5
Agriculture 851 798 780
Nonagricultural industries 57,796 57,679 57,868
Unemployed 2,341 2,375 2,256
Unemployment rate 3.8 3.9 3.7
Not in labor force 39,143 39,351 39,381
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional 16,014 16,065 16,061
population(1)
Civilian labor force 8,228 8,317 8,228
Percent of population 51.4 51.8 51.2
Employed 7,106 7,219 7,114
Employment-population ratio 44.4 44.9 44.3
Agriculture 233 224 217
Nonagricultural industries 6,873 6,995 6,897
Unemployed 1,122 1,098 1,114
Unemployment rate 13.6 13.2 13.5
Not in labor force 7,786 7,748 7,833
1999
Employment status,
sex, and age Sept. Oct.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 208,265 208,483
Civilian labor force 139,475 139,697
Percent of population 67.0 67.0
Employed 133,650 133,940
Employment-population ratio 64.2 64.2
Unemployed 5,825 5,757
Unemployment rate 4.2 4.1
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 99,976 100,088
Civilian labor force 74,643 74,680
Percent of population 74.7 74.6
Employed 71,630 71,623
Employment-population ratio 71.6 71.6
Agriculture 2,361 2,389
Nonagricultural industries 69,269 69,234
Unemployed 3,013 3,057
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.1
Not in labor force 25,333 25,408
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 91,793 91,896
Civilian labor force 70,328 70,339
Percent of population 76.6 76.5
Employed 67,943 67,898
Employment-population ratio 74.0 73.9
Agriculture 2,189 2,206
Nonagricultural industries 65,754 65,692
Unemployed 2,385 2,441
Unemployment rate 3.4 3.5
Not in labor force 21,465 21,557
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 108,289 108,395
Civilian labor force 64,832 65,017
Percent of population 59.9 60.0
Employed 62,020 62,317
Employment-population ratio 57.3 57.5
Agriculture 818 849
Nonagricultural industries 61,202 61,468
Unemployed 2,812 2,700
Unemployment rate 4.3 4.2
Not in labor force 43,457 43,378
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 100,385 100,458
Civilian labor force 60,860 60,955
Percent of population 60.6 60.7
Employed 58,630 58,800
Employment-population ratio 58.4 58.5
Agriculture 778 800
Nonagricultural industries 57,852 58,000
Unemployed 2,230 2,155
Unemployment rate 3.7 3.5
Not in labor force 39,525 39,503
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional 16,086 16,129
population(1)
Civilian labor force 8,287 8,403
Percent of population 51.5 52.1
Employed 7,077 7,242
Employment-population ratio 44.0 44.9
Agriculture 212 232
Nonagricultural industries 6,865 7,010
Unemployed 1,210 1,161
Unemployment rate 14.6 13.8
Not in labor force 7,799 7,726
1999
Employment status,
sex, and age Nov. Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 208,666 208,832
Civilian labor force 139,834 140,108
Percent of population 67.0 67.1
Employed 134,098 134.42
Employment-population ratio 64.3 64.4
Unemployed 5,736 5,688
Unemployment rate 4.1 4.1
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 100,179 100,264
Civilian labor force 74,728 74,930
Percent of population 74.6 74.7
Employed 71,732 71,927
Employment-population ratio 71.6 71.7
Agriculture 2,501 2,440
Nonagricultural industries 69,231 69,487
Unemployed 2,996 3,003
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.0
Not in labor force 25,451 25,334
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 91,986 92,052
Civilian labor force 70,388 70,529
Percent of population 76.5 76.6
Employed 68,037 68,197
Employment-population ratio 74.0 74.1
Agriculture 2,262 2,227
Nonagricultural industries 65,775 65,970
Unemployed 2,351 2,332
Unemployment rate 3.3 3.3
Not in labor force 21,598 21,523
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 108,487 108,569
Civilian labor force 65,106 65,178
Percent of population 60.0 60.0
Employed 62,366 62,493
Employment-population ratio 57.5 57.6
Agriculture 809 839
Nonagricultural industries 61,557 61,654
Unemployed 2,740 2,685
Unemployment rate 4.2 4.1
Not in labor force 43,381 43,391
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 100,573 100,666
Civilian labor force 61,052 61,154
Percent of population 60.7 60.7
Employed 58,838 58,958
Employment-population ratio 58.5 58.6
Agriculture 768 791
Nonagricultural industries 58,070 58,167
Unemployed 2,214 2,196
Unemployment rate 3.6 3.6
Not in labor force 39,521 39,512
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional 16,107 16,114
population(1)
Civilian labor force 8,394 8,425
Percent of population 52.1 52.3
Employed 7,223 7,265
Employment-population ratio 44.8 45.1
Agriculture 280 261
Nonagricultural industries 6,943 7,004
Unemployed 1,171 1,160
Unemployment rate 14.0 13.8
Not in labor force 7,713 7,689
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
[TABULAR DATA A-4 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998 1999
Educational attainment
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
Less than a high
school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 29,094 28,901 28,112 28,442
Civilian labor force 12,499 12,339 12,218 12,039
Percent of population 43.0 42.7 43.5 42.3
Employed 11,618 11,447 11,317 11,280
Employment-population ratio 39.9 39.6 40.3 39.7
Unemployed 881 892 901 759
Unemployment rate 7.0 7.2 7.4 6.3
High school graduates,
no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 57,115 57,477 57,062 57,805
Civilian labor force 37,279 37,441 37,274 37,687
Percent of population 65.3 65.1 65.3 65.2
Employed 35,891 36,112 35,962 30,368
Employment-population ratio 62.8 62.8 63.0 62.9
Unemployed 1,388 1,329 1,312 1,319
Unemployment rate 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5
Less than a
bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 43,022 43,154 43,911 43,028
Civilian labor force 31,846 322.73 32,227 31,866
Percent of population 74.0 74.8 73.4 74.1
Employed 30,926 31,347 31,238 30,966
Employment-population ratio 71.9 72.6 71.1 72.0
Unemployed 920 926 989 900
Unemployment rate 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 43,484 43,516 43,949 43,859
Civilian labor force 34,862 35,023 35,132 35,130
Percent of population 80.2 80.5 79.9 80.1
Employed 34,225 34,389 34,466 34,479
Employment-population ratio 78.7 79.0 78.4 78.6
Unemployed 637 634 666 651
Unemployment rate 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
1999
Educational attainment
Apr. May June July
Less than a high
school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 27,991 28,298 28,515 28,015
Civilian labor force 11,896 11,891 12,081 12,087
Percent of population 42.5 42.0 42.4 43.1
Employed 11,092 11,085 11,265 11,265
Employment-population ratio 39.6 39.2 39.5 40.2
Unemployed 804 806 816 822
Unemployment rate 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
High school graduates,
no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 57,945 57,931 57,963 57,162
Civilian labor force 37,508 37,365 37,382 37,014
Percent of population 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.8
Employed 36,173 36,022 35,962 35,700
Employment-population ratio 62.4 62.2 62.0 62.5
Unemployed 1,335 1,343 1,420 1,314
Unemployment rate 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.6
Less than a
bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 43,059 42,742 42,780 43,610
Civilian labor force 32,051 31,944 31,955 32,145
Percent of population 74.4 74.7 74.7 73.7
Employed 31,111 31,049 31,140 31,169
Employment-population ratio 72.3 72.6 72.8 71.5
Unemployed 940 895 815 976
Unemployment rate 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.0
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 44,289 44,442 44,464 45,042
Civilian labor force 35,467 35,677 35,757 35,827
Percent of population 80.1 80.3 80.4 79.5
Employed 34,745 35,020 35,059 35,167
Employment-population ratio 78.5 78.8 78.8 78.1
Unemployed 722 657 698 660
Unemployment rate 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8
1999
Educational attainment
Aug. Sept. Oct.
Less than a high
school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 28,568 28,583 28,246
Civilian labor force 12,307 12,151 12,201
Percent of population 43.1 42.5 43.2
Employed 11,448 11,327 11,401
Employment-population ratio 40.1 39.6 40.4
Unemployed 859 824 800
Unemployment rate 7.0 6.8 6.6
High school graduates,
no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 57,195 57,518 57,275
Civilian labor force 36,954 37,188 37,080
Percent of population 64.6 64.7 64.7
Employed 35,657 35,879 35,874
Employment-population ratio 62.3 62.4 62.6
Unemployed 1,297 1,309 1,206
Unemployment rate 3.5 3.5 3.3
Less than a
bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 43,130 42,955 43,787
Civilian labor force 31,842 32,140 32,203
Percent of population 73.8 74.8 73.5
Employed 30,864 31,269 31,330
Employment-population ratio 71.6 72.8 71.6
Unemployed 978 871 873
Unemployment rate 3.1 2.7 2.7
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 45,086 45,081 44,986
Civilian labor force 36,037 35,722 35,721
Percent of population 79.9 79.2 79.4
Employed 35,465 35,112 35,106
Employment-population ratio 78.7 77.9 78.0
Unemployed 572 610 615
Unemployment rate 1.6 1.7 1.7
1999
Educational attainment
Nov. Dec.
Less than a high
school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 28,228 28,144
Civilian labor force 12,132 11,956
Percent of population 43.0 42.5
Employed 11,347 11,243
Employment-population ratio 40.2 39.9
Unemployed 785 713
Unemployment rate 6.5 6.0
High school graduates,
no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 57,789 57,590
Civilian labor force 37,671 37,362
Percent of population 65.2 64.9
Employed 36,445 36,071
Employment-population ratio 63.1 62.6
Unemployed 1,226 1,291
Unemployment rate 3.3 3.5
Less than a
bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 44,070 44,069
Civilian labor force 32,312 32,404
Percent of population 73.3 73.5
Employed 31,444 31,586
Employment-population ratio 71.3 71.7
Unemployed 868 818
Unemployment rate 2.7 2.5
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional
population(1) 44,365 44,821
Civilian labor force 35,264 35,824
Percent of population 79.5 79.9
Employed 34,655 35,186
Employment-population ratio 78.1 78.5
Unemployed 609 638
Unemployment rate 1.7 1.8
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
(2) Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
(3) Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998 1999
Full- and part-time
status, sex, Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
and age
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers 109,330 110,093 109,782 109,915
Men, 16 years and over 63,731 64,017 63,795 63,944
Men, 20 years and over 62,298 62,676 62,396 62,538
Women, 16 years and over 45,562 45,942 45,946 45,952
Women, 20 years and over 44,642 45,067 45,059 45,046
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 2,390 2,350 2,327 2,331
Part-time workers 23,292 23,163 23,242 23,204
Men, 16 years and over 7,461 7,280 7,420 7,411
Men, 20 years and over 5,246 5,089 5,132 5,176
Women, 16 years and over 15,815 15,851 15,792 15,798
Women, 20 years and over 13,193 13,271 13,179 13,202
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 4,853 4,803 4,931 4,826
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for
full-time work 4,801 4,718 4,893 4,626
Men, 16 years and over 2,661 2,562 2,659 2,340
Men, 20 years and over 2,332 2,246 2,378 2,103
Women, 16 years and over 2,145 2,097 2,159 2,199
Women, 20 years and over 1,907 1,858 1,915 1,946
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 562 614 600 577
Looking for
part-time work 1,255 1,266 1,202 1,209
Men, 16 years and over 558 508 495 502
Men, 20 years and over 199 189 209 187
Women, 16 years and over 679 739 729 704
Women, 20 years and over 419 441 430 408
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 637 636 563 614
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES(1)
Full-time workers 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.0
Men, 16 years and over 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.5
Men, 20 years and over 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.3
Women, 16 years and over 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6
Women, 20 years and over 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 19.0 20.7 20.5 19.8
Part-time workers 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.0
Men, 16 years and over 7.0 6.5 6.3 6.3
Men, 20 years and over 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.5
Women, 16 years and over 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.3
Women, 20 years and over 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 11.6 11.7 10.2 11.3
1999
Full- and part-time
status, sex, Apr. May June July
and age
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers 109,706 109,986 110,275 109,797
Men, 16 years and over 63,690 63,700 63,805 63,835
Men, 20 years and over 62,324 62,254 62,367 62,350
Women, 16 years and over 45,991 46,233 46,538 46,067
Women, 20 years and over 45,067 45,262 45,529 45,084
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 2,315 2,470 2,379 2,363
Part-time workers 23,291 23,228 23,108 23,437
Men, 16 years and over 7,496 7,511 7,537 7,598
Men, 20 years and over 5,234 5,192 5,282 5,351
Women, 16 years and over 15,800 15,749 15,523 15,865
Women, 20 years and over 13,246 13,218 13,137 13,312
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 4,811 4,818 4,689 4,774
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for
full-time work 4,807 4,633 4,641 4,705
Men, 16 years and over 2,533 2,569 2,573 2,556
Men, 20 years and over 2,218 2,272 2,229 2,239
Women, 16 years and over 2,299 2,081 2,127 2,128
Women, 20 years and over 2,033 1,852 1,903 1,939
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 556 509 509 527
Looking for
part-time work 1,221 1,265 1,284 1,216
Men, 16 years and over 547 600 566 518
Men, 20 years and over 193 276 249 222
Women, 16 years and over 712 670 729 706
Women, 20 years and over 414 392 438 432
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 614 597 597 562
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES(1)
Full-time workers 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1
Men, 16 years and over 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8
Men, 20 years and over 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5
Women, 16 years and over 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.4
Women, 20 years and over 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.1
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 19.4 17.1 17.6 18.2
Part-time workers 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.9
Men, 16 years and over 6.8 7.4 7.0 6.4
Men, 20 years and over 3.6 5.0 4.5 4.0
Women, 16 years and over 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.3
Women, 20 years and over 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 11.3 11.0 11.3 10.5
1999
Full- and part-time
status, sex, Aug. Sept. Oct.
and age
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers 110,060 110,413 110,877
Men, 16 years and over 63,772 63,985 64,005
Men, 20 years and over 62,310 62,621 62,607
Women, 16 years and over 46,386 46,452 46,847
Women, 20 years and over 45,407 45,497 45,822
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 2,343 2,295 2,448
Part-time workers 23,386 23,205 23,081
Men, 16 years and over 7,643 7,613 7,610
Men, 20 years and over 5,483 5,302 5,255
Women, 16 years and over 15,691 15,666 15,483
Women, 20 years and over 13,204 13,169 12,996
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 4,699 4,734 4,830
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for
full-time work 4,712 4,568 4,614
Men, 16 years and over 2,625 2,533 2,588
Men, 20 years and over 2,295 2,172 2,224
Women, 16 years and over 2,100 2,068 2,068
Women, 20 years and over 1,861 1,792 1,771
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 556 604 619
Looking for
part-time work 1,133 1,228 1,146
Men, 16 years and over 449 504 499
Men, 20 years and over 170 207 216
Women, 16 years and over 666 707 625
Women, 20 years and over 395 424 377
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 568 597 553
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES(1)
Full-time workers 4.1 4.0 4.0
Men, 16 years and over 4.0 3.8 3.9
Men, 20 years and over 3.6 3.4 3.4
Women, 16 years and over 4.3 4.3 4.2
Women, 20 years and over 3.9 3.8 3.7
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 19.2 20.8 20.2
Part-time workers 4.6 5.0 4.7
Men, 16 years and over 5.5 6.2 6.2
Men, 20 years and over 3.0 3.8 3.9
Women, 16 years and over 4.1 4.3 3.9
Women, 20 years and over 2.9 3.1 2.8
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 10.8 11.2 10.3
Full- and part-time 1999
status, sex, Nov. Dec.
and age
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers 111,227 111,562
Men, 16 years and over 64,259 64,358
Men, 20 years and over 62,825 62,914
Women, 16 years and over 46,968 47,161
Women, 20 years and over 45,907 46,094
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 2,495 2,554
Part-time workers 22,946 22,975
Men, 16 years and over 7,485 7,581
Men, 20 years and over 5,213 5,295
Women, 16 years and over 15,450 15,377
Women, 20 years and over 12,964 12,932
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 4,769 4,748
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for
full-time work 4,536 4,540
Men, 16 years and over 2,526 2,493
Men, 20 years and over 2,151 2,109
Women, 16 years and over 2,068 2,065
Women, 20 years and over 1,792 1,799
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 593 632
Looking for
part-time work 1,191 1,175
Men, 16 years and over 502 520
Men, 20 years and over 199 236
Women, 16 years and over 686 640
Women, 20 years and over 406 384
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 586 555
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES(1)
Full-time workers 3.9 3.9
Men, 16 years and over 3.8 3.7
Men, 20 years and over 3.3 3.2
Women, 16 years and over 4.2 4.2
Women, 20 years and over 3.8 3.8
Both sexes, 16
to 19 years 19.2 19.8
Part-time workers 4.9 4.9
Men, 16 years and over 6.3 6.4
Men, 20 years and over 3.7 4.3
Women, 16 years and over 4.3 4.0
Women, 20 years and over 3.0 2.9
Both sexes, 16to 19 years 10.9 10.5
(1) These rates reflect a refined definition of the full-and part-time labor force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(in thousands)
1998 1999
Category
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
MARITAL STATUS
Total 132,517 133,225 133,029 132,976
Married men, spouse present 43,205 43,440 43,077 43,164
Married women,
spouse present 33,077 33,526 33,130 33,176
Women who maintain families 8,087 8,089 8,103 8,142
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional
specialty 39,777 39,893 39,650 40,005
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support 38,281 38,762 39,152 38,821
Service occupations 18,000 18,029 18,090 18,034
Precision production,
craft, and repair 14,569 14,663 14,662 14,591
Operators, fabricators,
and laborers 18,470 18,444 18,097 18,135
Farming, forestry,
and fishing 3,427 3,440 3,469 3,438
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers 1,867 1,962 1,900 1,905
Self-employed workers 1,332 1,324 1.38 1,358
Unpaid family workers 34 31 43 39
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers 120,365 120,777 120,967 120,939
Private industries 101,656 101,948 102,184 102,161
Private households 937 895 861 926
Other industries 100,719 101,053 101,323 101,235
Government 18,709 18,829 18,783 18,778
Self-employed workers 8,829 8,840 8,733 8,730
Unpaid family workers 119 110 108 127
PERSONS AT WORK
PART TIME(1)
All industries:
Part time for
economic reasons 3,448 3,489 3,425 3,509
Slack work or business
conditions 1,938 2,051 1,985 2,018
Could only find
part-time work 1,144 1,122 1,131 1,181
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,721 18,589 18,677 18,622
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 3,271 3,341 3,282 3,325
Slack work or business
conditions 1,851 1,948 1,900 1,927
Could only find
part-time work 1,115 1,099 1,101 1,128
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,187 18,033 18,094 18,031
1999
Category
Apr. May June July
MARITAL STATUS
Total 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399
Married men, spouse present 43,210 42,997 43,279 43,350
Married women,
spouse present 33,284 33,442 33,758 33,387
Women who maintain families 8,081 8,081 8,028 8,272
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional
specialty 40,458 40,503 40,802 40,823
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support 38,816 38,939 38,777 38,673
Service occupations 17,904 18,049 18,007 17,990
Precision production,
craft, and repair 14,508 14,452 14,175 14,431
Operators, fabricators,
and laborers 17,775 17,920 18,177 18,019
Farming, forestry,
and fishing 3,508 3,440 3,477 3,421
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers 1,930 1,930 1,923 1,939
Self-employed workers 1,399 1,330 1,341 1,292
Unpaid family workers 33 36 39 45
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers 120,925 121,311 121,006 121,188
Private industries 102,147 102,540 101,999 102,156
Private households 935 914 983 944
Other industries 101,212 101,626 101,016 101,212
Government 18,778 18,771 19,007 19,032
Self-employed workers 8,801 8,726 8,840 8,820
Unpaid family workers 65 61 88 77
PERSONS AT WORK
PART TIME(1)
All industries:
Part time for
economic reasons 3,403 3,399 3,377 3,316
Slack work or business
conditions 1,937 1,950 2,048 1,974
Could only find
part-time work 1,117 1,116 1,045 1,050
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,752 18,692 18,716 18,983
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 3,225 3,229 3,209 3,142
Slack work or business
conditions 1,845 1,845 1,902 1,850
Could only find
part-time work 1,087 1,089 1,031 1,034
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,159 18,138 18,106 18,466
1999
Category
Aug. Sept. Oct.
MARITAL STATUS
Total 133,530 133,650 133,940
Married men, spouse present 43,368 43,367 43,206
Married women,
spouse present 33,504 33,275 33,521
Women who maintain families 8,335 8,312 8,398
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional
specialty 40,800 40,784 40,718
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support 38,874 38,634 39,023
Service occupations 17,976 17,876 17,694
Precision production,
craft, and repair 14,322 14,659 14,836
Operators, fabricators,
and laborers 18,089 18,227 18,340
Farming, forestry,
and fishing 3,412 3,365 3,365
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers 1,908 1,930 1,936
Self-employed workers 1,266 1,198 1,267
Unpaid family workers 46 40 42
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers 121,150 121,583 121,654
Private industries 102,036 102,503 102,837
Private households 873 1,035 939
Other industries 101,163 101,468 101,898
Government 19,114 19,080 18,817
Self-employed workers 9,000 8,791 8,833
Unpaid family workers 93 100 101
PERSONS AT WORK
PART TIME(1)
All industries:
Part time for
economic reasons 3,279 3,283 3,179
Slack work or business
conditions 1,904 1,922 1,928
Could only find
part-time work 1,057 1,073 993
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 19,230 18,801 18,799
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 3,127 3,112 2,983
Slack work or business
conditions 1,813 1,806 1,807
Could only find
part-time work 1,041 1,063 964
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,652 18,273 18,249
1999
Category
Nov. Dec.
MARITAL STATUS
Total 134,098 134,420
Married men, spouse present 43,273 43,283
Married women,
spouse present 33,635 33,762
Women who maintain families 8,526 8,375
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional
specialty 40,363 40,800
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support 39,283 39,311
Service occupations 17,633 17,706
Precision production,
craft, and repair 14,903 14,940
Operators, fabricators,
and laborers 18,476 18,299
Farming, forestry,
and fishing 3,407 3,367
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers 2,049 2,018
Self-employed workers 1,216 1,211
Unpaid family workers 41 36
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers 121,965 122,426
Private industries 103,063 103,467
Private households 944 948
Other industries 102,119 102,519
Government 18,902 18,959
Self-employed workers 8,686 8,662
Unpaid family workers 108 98
PERSONS AT WORK
PART TIME(1)
All industries:
Part time for
economic reasons 3,274 3,320
Slack work or business
conditions 1,930 1,951
Could only find
part-time work 1,032 1,025
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,651 18,618
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic
reasons 3,105 3,157
Slack work or business
conditions 1,815 1,843
Could only find
part-time work 1,013 1,018
Part time for noneconomic
reasons 18,083 18,061
(1) Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
1998 1999
Age and sex Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
Total, 16 years and over 132,517 133,225 133,029 132,976
16 to 24 years 19,865 19,856 20,012 20,030
16 to 19 years 7,213 7,081 7,241 7,132
16 to 17 years 2,837 2,754 2,809 2,782
18 to 19 years 4,385 4,335 4,392 4,358
20 to 24 years 12,652 12,775 12,771 12,898
25 years and over 112,642 113,391 112,981 113,001
25 to 54 years 95,798 96,538 96,056 95,937
55 years and over 16,892 16,870 16,970 17,036
Men, 16 years and over 71,173 71,368 71,230 71,269
16 to 24 years 10,341 10,288 10,401 10,406
16 to 19 years 3,645 3,597 3,703 3,641
16 to 17 years 1,424 1,415 1,436 1,409
18 to 19 years 2,226 2,195 2,237 2,239
20 to 24 years 6,696 6,691 6,698 6,765
25 years and over 60,826 61,058 60,829 60,885
25 to 54 years 51,468 51,701 51,406 51,420
55 years and over 9,386 9,367 9,437 9,474
Women, 16 years and over 61,344 61,857 61,799 61,707
16 to 24 years 9,524 9,568 9,611 9,624
16 to 19 years 35,681 3,484 3,538 3,491
16 to 17 years 1,413 13,391 1,373 1,373
18to 19 years 2,159 2,140 2,155 2,119
20 to 24 years 5,956 6,084 6,073 6,133
25 years and over 51,816 52,333 52,152 52,116
25 to 54 years 44,330 44,837 44,650 44,517
55 years and over 7,506 7,503 7,533 7,562
1999
Age and sex Apr. May June July
Total, 16 years and over 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399
16 to 24 years 19,939 20,028 19,935 20,078
16 to 19 years 7,156 7,237 7,106 7,219
16 to 17 years 2,802 2,809 2,745 2,845
18 to 19 years 4,338 4,466 4,369 4,361
20 to 24 years 12,783 12,791 12,829 12,859
25 years and over 113,141 113,214 113,436 113,280
25 to 54 years 95,951 96,007 96,158 95,995
55 years and over 17,142 17,106 17,261 17,306
Men, 16 years and over 71,208 71,207 71,330 71,437
16 to 24 years 10,221 10,382 10,323 10,415
16 to 19 years 3,646 3,737 3,685 3,734
16 to 17 years 1,411 1,454 1,437 1,471
18 to 19 years 2,231 2,324 2,263 2,251
20 to 24 years 6,575 6,645 6,638 6,681
25 years and over 60,980 608,721 61,001 61,012
25 to 54 years 51,430 51,347 51,416 51,463
55 years and over 9,526 9,465 9,559 9,574
Women, 16 years and over 61,846 61,983 62,068 61,962
16 to 24 years 9,718 9,646 9,612 9,663
16 to 19 years 35,101 3,500 3,421 3,485
16 to 17 years 1,391 1,355 1,308 1,374
18 to 19 years 2,107 2,142 2,106 2,110
20 to 24 years 6,208 6,146 6,191 6,178
25 years and over 52,161 52,342 52,435 52,268
25 to 54 years 44,521 44,660 44,742 44,532
55 years and over 7,616 7,641 7,702 7,732
1999
Age and sex Aug. Sept. Oct.
Total, 16 years and over 133,530 133,650 133,940
16 to 24 years 20,068 20,106 20,226
16 to 19 years 7,114 7,077 7,242
16 to 17 years 2,776 2,765 2,834
18 to 19 years 4,325 4,309 4,411
20 to 24 years 12,954 13,029 12,984
25 years and over 113,495 113,539 113,666
25 to 54 years 96,120 96,200 96,436
55 years and over 17,379 17,377 17,255
Men, 16 years and over 71,436 71,630 71,623
16 to 24 years 10,427 10,540 10,521
16 to 19 years 3,668 3,687 3,725
16 to 17 years 1,441 1,421 1,462
18 to 19 years 2,213 2,247 2,267
20 to 24 years 6,759 6,853 67,961
25 years and over 61,061 61,083 61,073
25 to 54 years 51,423 51,431 51,523
55 years and over 9,619 9,649 9,542
Women, 16 years and over 62,094 62,020 62,317
16 to 24 years 9,641 9,566 9,705
16 to 19 years 3,446 3,390 3,517
16 to 17 years 1,335 1,344 1,372
18 to 19 years 2,112 2,062 2,144
20 to 24 years 6,195 6,176 6,188
25 years and over 52,434 52,456 52,593
25 to 54 years 44,697 44,769 44,913
55 years and over 7,760 7,728 7,713
1999
Age and sex Nov. Dec.
Total, 16 years and over 134,098 134,420
16 to 24 years 20,188 20,334
16 to 19 years 7,223 7,265
16 to 17 years 2,797 2,803
18 to 19 years 4,421 4,461
20 to 24 years 12,965 13,069
25 years and over 113,897 114,075
25 to 54 years 96,635 96,729
55 years and over 17,252 17,406
Men, 16 years and over 71,732 71,927
16 to 24 years 10,508 10,570
16 to 19 years 3,695 3,730
16 to 17 years 1,439 1,445
18 to 19 years 2,234 2,278
20 to 24 years 6,813 6,840
25 years and over 61,202 61,349
25 to 54 years 51,673 51,732
55 years and over 9,574 9,649
Women, 16 years and over 62,366 62,493
16 to 24 years 9,680 9,764
16 to 19 years 3,528 3,535
16 to 17 years 1,358 1,358
18to 19 years 2,187 2,183
20 to 24 years 6,152 6,229
25 years and over 52,695 52,726
25 to 54 years 44,962 44,997
55 years and over 7,678 7,757
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-9 Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998 1999
Age and sex
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Total, 16 years and over 6,028 6,007 6,108 5,828 6,032
16 to 24 years 2,158 2,239 2,262 2,218 2,211
16 to 19 years 1,170 1,258 1,194 1,184 1,173
16 to 17 years 567 599 526 553 557
18 to 19 years 609 643 654 632 612
20 to 24 years 988 981 1,068 1,034 1,038
25 years and over 3,860 3,767 3,830 3,626 3,822
25 to 54 years 3,320 3,278 3,336 3,133 3,286
55 years and over 511 503 503 497 507
Men, 16 years and over 3,209 3,138 3,232 2,949 3,062
16 to 24 years 1,227 1,232 1,197 1,165 1,195
16 to 19 years 693 707 648 643 632
16 to 17 years 336 339 274 294 316
18 to 19 years 353 365 361 350 321
20 to 24 years 534 525 549 522 563
25 years and over 1,985 1,910 2,010 1,780 1,871
25 to 54 years 1,676 1,644 1,714 1,520 1,597
55 years and over 292 271 286 256 265
Women, 16 years and over 2,819 2,869 2,876 2,879 2,970
16 to 24 years 931 1,007 1,065 1,053 1,016
16 to 19 years 477 551 546 541 541
16 to 17 years 231 260 252 259 241
18 to 19 years 256 278 293 282 291
20 to 24 years 454 456 519 512 475
25 years and over 1,875 1,857 1,820 1,846 1,951
25 to 54 years 1,644 1,634 1,622 1,613 1,689
55 years and over 219 232 217 241 242
1999
Age and sex
May June July Aug. Sept.
Total, 16 years and over 5,823 5,934 5,937 5,842 5,825
16 to 24 years 2,130 2,172 2,160 2,139 2,226
16 to 19 years 1,090 1,122 1,098 1,114 1,210
16 to 17 years 540 534 518 526 531
18 to 19 years 563 587 578 596 690
20 to 24 years 1,040 1,050 1,062 1,025 1,016
25 years and over 3,686 3,753 3,779 3,706 3,618
25 to 54 years 3,225 3,231 3,250 3,226 3,147
55 years and over 474 534 521 475 461
Men, 16 years and over 3,111 3,084 3,061 3,063 3,013
16 to 24 years 1,184 1,212 1,187 1,148 1,163
16 to 19 years 603 613 597 591 628
16 to 17 years 310 291 282 279 283
18 to 19 years 301 330 313 319 341
20 to 24 years 581 599 590 557 535
25 years and over 1,924 1,865 1,887 1,923 1,859
25 to 54 years 1,665 1,597 1,589 1,643 1,575
55 years and over 273 270 298 284 292
Women, 16 years and over 2,712 2,850 2,876 2,779 2,812
16 to 24 years 946 960 973 991 1,063
16 to 19 years 487 509 501 523 582
16 to 17 years 230 243 236 247 248
18 to 19 years 262 257 265 277 349
20 to 24 years 459 451 472 468 481
25 years and over 1,762 1,888 1,892 1,783 1,759
25 to 54 years 1,560 1,634 1,661 1,583 1,572
55 years and over 201 264 223 191 169
1999
Age and sex
Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total, 16 years and over 5,757 5,736 5,688
16 to 24 years 2,247 2,249 2,209
16 to 19 years 1,161 1,171 1,160
16 to 17 years 536 553 553
18 to 19 years 623 619 612
20 to 24 years 1,086 1,079 1,049
25 years and over 3,510 3,488 3,479
25 to 54 years 3,043 3,048 2,987
55 years and over 472 459 477
Men, 16 years and over 3,057 2,996 3,003
16 to 24 years 1,222 1,194 1,252
16 to 19 years 616 645 671
16 to 17 years 268 292 311
18 to 19 years 346 353 356
20 to 24 years 606 549 581
25 years and over 1,842 1,789 1,757
25 to 54 years 1,578 1,531 1,493
55 years and over 278 252 246
Women, 16 years and over 2,700 2,740 2,685
16 to 24 years 1,025 1,055 957
16 to 19 years 545 526 489
16 to 17 years 268 261 242
18 to 19 years 277 266 256
20 to 24 years 480 529 468
25 years and over 1,668 1,699 1,722
25 to 54 years 1,465 1,517 1,494
55 years and over 194 207 231
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999 See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1998 1999
Age and sex
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Total, 16 years and over 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3
16 to 24 years 9.8 10.1 10.2 10.0 10.0
16 to 19 years 14.0 15.1 14.2 14.2 14.1
16 to 17 years 16.7 17.9 15.8 16.6 16.6
18 to 19 years 12.2 12.9 13.0 12.7 12.4
20 to 24 years 7.2 7.1 7.7 7.4 7.5
25 years and over 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3
25 to 54 years 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3
55 years and over 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9
Men, 16 years and over 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.1
16 to 24 years 10.6 10.7 10.3 10.1 10.5
16 to 19 years 16.0 16.4 14.9 15.0 14.8
16 to 17 years 19.1 19.3 16.0 17.3 18.3
18 to 19 years 13.7 14.3 13.9 13.5 12.6
20 to 24 years 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.2 7.9
25 years and over 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.8 3.0
25 to 54 years 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.0
55 years and over 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.7
Women, 16 years and over 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6
16 to 24 years 8.9 9.5 10.0 9.9 9.5
16 to 19 years 11.8 13.7 13.4 13.4 13.4
16 to 17 years 14.1 16.3 15.5 15.9 14.8
18 to 19 years 10.6 11.5 12.0 11.7 12.1
20 to 24 years 7.1 7.0 7.9 7.7 7.1
25 years and over 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6
25 to 54 years 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7
55 years and over 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.1
1999
Age and sex
May June July Aug. Sept.
Total, 16 years and over 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2
16 to 24 years 9.6 9.8 9.7 9.6 10.0
16 to 19 years 13.1 13.6 13.2 13.5 14.6
16 to 17 years 16.1 16.3 15.4 15.9 16.1
18 to 19 years 11.2 11.8 11.7 12.1 13.8
20 to 24 years 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.2
25 years and over 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1
25 to 54 years 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2
55 years and over 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6
Men, 16 years and over 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0
16 to 24 years 10.2 10.5 10.2 9.9 9.9
16 to 19 years 13.9 14.3 13.8 13.9 14.6
16 to 17 years 17.6 16.8 16.1 16.2 16.6
18 to 19 years 11.5 12.7 12.2 12.6 13.2
20 to 24 years 8.0 8.3 8.1 7.6 7.2
25 years and over 3.1 3.0 3.0 31.0 3.0
25 to 54 years 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0
55 years and over 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.9
Women, 16 years and over 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3
16 to 24 years 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.3 10.0
16 to 19 years 12.2 13.0 12.6 13.2 14.7
16 to 17 years 14.5 15.7 14.7 15.6 15.6
18 to 19 years 10.9 10.9 11.2 11.6 14.5
20 to 24 years 6.9 6.8 7.1 7.0 7.2
25 years and over 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2
25 to 54 years 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4
55 years and over 2.6 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.1
1999
Age and sex
Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total, 16 years and over 4.1 4.1 4.1
16 to 24 years 10.0 10.0 9.8
16 to 19 years 13.8 14.0 13.8
16 to 17 years 15.9 16.5 16.5
18 to 19 years 12.4 12.3 12.1
20 to 24 years 7.7 7.7 7.4
25 years and over 3.0 3.0 3.0
25 to 54 years 3.1 3.1 3.0
55 years and over 2.7 2.6 2.7
Men, 16 years and over 4.1 4.0 4.0
16 to 24 years 10.4 10.2 10.6
16 to 19 years 14.2 14.9 15.2
16 to 17 years 15.5 16.9 17.7
18 to 19 years 13.2 13.6 13.5
20 to 24 years 8.2 7.5 7.8
25 years and over 2.9 2.8 2.8
25 to 54 years 3.0 2.9 2.8
55 years and over 2.8 2.6 2.5
Women, 16 years and over 4.2 4.2 4.1
16 to 24 years 9.6 9.8 8.9
16 to 19 years 13.4 13.0 12.2
16 to 17 years 16.3 16.1 15.1
18 to 19 years 11.4 10.8 10.5
20 to 24 years 7.2 7.9 7.0
25 years and over 3.1 3.1 3.2
25 to 54 years 3.2 3.3 3.2
55 years and over 2.5 2.6 2.9
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1998 1999
Category
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
CHARACTERISTIC
Total 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2
Men, 20 years and over 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.3
Women, 20 years and over 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 14.0 15.1 14.2 14.2
White 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6
Black and other 7.0 6.9 7.3 7.2
Black 7.8 7.8 8.2 8.0
Hispanic origin 7.8 6.7 6.8 6.0
Married men, spouse present 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.1
Married women, spouse present 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7
Women who maintain families 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.6
OCCUPATION(1)
Managerial and professional specialty 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.7
Precision production, craft, and repair 3.3 3.6 4.3 3.7
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 6.6 6.0 6.1 6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing 7.6 7.5 7.6 6.9
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3
Goods-producing industries 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.4
Mining 5.6 6.3 7.1 5.5
Construction 6.1 7.3 7.4 7.0
Manufacturing 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.5
Durable goods 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1
Nondurable goods 4.8 3.9 4.3 4.2
Service-producing industries 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2
Transportation and public utilities 3.1 2.6 3.1 2.9
Wholesale and retail trade 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.0
Services 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2
Government workers 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers 9.1 9.1 10.8 9.4
1999
Category
Apr. May June July
CHARACTERISTIC
Total 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3
Men, 20 years and over 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5
Women, 20 years and over 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 14.1 13.1 13.6 13.2
White 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7
Black and other 7.0 6.8 6.7 7.2
Black 7.8 7.6 7.6 8.6
Hispanic origin 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.3
Married men, spouse present 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3
Married women, spouse present 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.8
Women who maintain families 7.1 6.0 6.5 6.4
OCCUPATION(1)
Managerial and professional specialty 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.9
Precision production, craft, and repair 3.8 4.0 4.7 3.9
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.3
Farming, forestry, and fishing 7.1 7.6 7.1 6.5
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4
Goods-producing industries 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.4
Mining 8.4 5.9 4.8 6.0
Construction 7.3 7.2 7.3 6.9
Manufacturing 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5
Durable goods 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7
Nondurable goods 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.1
Service-producing industries 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4
Transportation and public utilities 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.4
Wholesale and retail trade 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate 3.2 2.2 2.4 2.4
Services 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.4
Government workers 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2
Agricultural wage and salary workers 9.5 10.1 9.3 9.0
1999
Category
Aug. Sept. Oct.
CHARACTERISTIC
Total 4.2 4.2 4.1
Men, 20 years and over 3.5 3.4 3.5
Women, 20 years and over 3.7 3.7 3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 13.5 14.6 13.8
White 3.7 3.6 3.5
Black and other 6.8 7.2 7.2
Black 7.8 8.3 8.3
Hispanic origin 6.5 6.6 6.3
Married men, spouse present 2.3 2.2 2.2
Married women, spouse present 2.7 2.6 2.5
Women who maintain families 6.3 6.4 6.0
OCCUPATION(1)
Managerial and professional specialty 1.8 1.8 1.8
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 3.6 3.5 3.5
Precision production, craft, and repair 4.5 3.9 4.0
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 6.2 6.4 6.3
Farming, forestry, and fishing 6.4 5.3 5.8
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers 4.2 4.3 4.2
Goods-producing industries 4.8 4.8 4.5
Mining 4.2 6.7 5.0
Construction 7.6 6.9 6.7
Manufacturing 3.8 3.9 3.7
Durable goods 3.7 4.0 3.5
Nondurable goods 4.1 3.9 4.0
Service-producing industries 4.0 4.1 4.1
Transportation and public utilities 3.0 2.8 3.1
Wholesale and retail trade 4.8 5.2 4.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate 2.4 2.3 2.3
Services 4.0 4.1 4.0
Government workers 2.1 2.0 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers 9.6 5.7 7.7
1999
Category
Nov. Dec.
CHARACTERISTIC
Total 4.1 4.1
Men, 20 years and over 3.3 3.3
Women, 20 years and over 3.6 3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 14.0 13.8
White 3.5 3.5
Black and other 7.1 7.0
Black 8.0 7.9
Hispanic origin 6.1 5.9
Married men, spouse present 2.1 2.2
Married women, spouse present 2.5 2.5
Women who maintain families 6.0 6.2
OCCUPATION(1)
Managerial and professional specialty 1.8 1.7
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 3.6 3.6
Precision production, craft, and repair 3.7 4.0
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 6.2 6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing 6.7 5.8
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers 4.2 4.1
Goods-producing industries 4.2 4.4
Mining 4.6 4.1
Construction 5.7 6.6
Manufacturing 3.7 3.6
Durable goods 3.7 3.6
Nondurable goods 3.7 3.5
Service-producing industries 4.1 4.0
Transportation and public utilities 3.3 3.0
Wholesale and retail trade 5.3 5.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate 2.3 2.1
Services 3.9 3.8
Government workers 2.0 2.1
Agricultural wage and salary workers 8.3 7.1
(1) Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999 See the article in this issue for additional information
A-12 Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998 1999
Reason
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2,795 2,708 2,721 2,646
On temporary layoff 865 863 854 833
Not on temporary layoff 1,930 1,845 1,867 1,813
Job leavers 719 729 750 774
Reentrants 1,994 2,009 2,090 2,007
New entrants 503 519 498 446
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 46.5 45.4 44.9 45.1
On temporary layoff 14.4 14.5 14.1 14.2
Not on temporary layoff 32.1 30.9 30.8 30.9
Job leavers 12.0 12.2 12.4 13.2
Reentrants 33.2 33.7 34.5 34.2
New entrants 8.4 8.7 8.2 7.6
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9
Job leavers .5 .5 .6 .6
Reentrants 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4
New entrants .4 .4 .3 .3
1999
Reason
Apr. May June July
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2,695 2,678 2,670 2,670
On temporary layoff 843 837 876 847
Not on temporary layoff 1,852 1,841 1,794 1,823
Job leavers 810 781 831 768
Reentrants 2,039 2,034 2,038 2,003
New entrants 473 440 359 459
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 44.8 45.1 45.3 45.3
On temporary layoff 14.0 14.1 14.9 14.4
Not on temporary layoff 30.8 31.0 30.4 30.9
Job leavers 13.5 13.2 14.1 13.0
Reentrants 33.9 34.3 34.6 33.9
New entrants 7.9 7.4 6.1 7.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
Job leavers .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
New entrants .3 .3 .3 .3
1999
Reason
Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2,629 2,573 2,518 2,493
On temporary layoff 893 869 802 851
Not on temporary layoff 1,736 1,704 1,716 1,642
Job leavers 793 758 778 821
Reentrants 1,942 1,967 1,958 1,935
New entrants 481 504 511 485
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 45.0 44.3 43.7 43.5
On temporary layoff 15.3 150.0 13.9 14.8
Not on temporary layoff 29.7 29.4 29.8 28.6
Job leavers 13.6 13.1 13.5 14.3
Reentrants 33.2 33.9 34.0 33.7
New entrants 8.2 8.7 8.9 8.5
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8
Job leavers .5 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
New entrants .3 .4 .4 .3
1999
Reason
Dec.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2,401
On temporary layoff 795
Not on temporary layoff 1,606
Job leavers 825
Reentrants 2,036
New entrants 453
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 42.0
On temporary layoff 13.9
Not on temporary layoff 28.1
Job leavers 14.4
Reentrants 35.6
New entrants 7.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 1.7
Job leavers .6
Reentrants 1.5
New entrants .3
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999 See the article in this issue for additional information.
A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998 1999
Duration
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks 2,573 2,397 2,585 2,521
5 to 14 weeks 1,884 2,012 1,925 1,884
15 weeks and over 1,572 1,491 1,539 1,467
15 to 26 weeks 759 776 754 752
27 weeks and over 813 715 785 715
Average (mean) duration, in weeks 14.0 13.5 13.8 13.6
Median duration, in weeks 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks 42.7 40.6 42.7 42.9
5 to 14 weeks 31.2 34.1 31.8 32.1
15 weeks and over 26.1 25.3 25.4 25.0
15 to 26 weeks 12.6 13.2 12.5 12.8
27 weeks and over 13.5 12.1 13.0 12.2
1999
Duration
Apr. May June July
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks 2,741 2,502 2,540 2,640
5 to 14 weeks 1,868 1,832 1,775 1,778
15 weeks and over 1,474 1,519 1,634 1,511
15 to 26 weeks 794 784 806 779
27 weeks and over 680 735 828 732
Average (mean) duration, in weeks 13.2 13.4 14.3 13.5
Median duration, in weeks 6.1 6.6 6.3 5.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks 45.1 42.7 42.7 44.5
5 to 14 weeks 30.7 31.3 29.8 30.0
15 weeks and over 24.2 26.0 27.5 25.5
15 to 26 weeks 13.1 13.4 13.5 13.1
27 weeks and over 11.2 12.6 13.9 12.3
1999
Duration
Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks 2,599 2,582 2,545 2,601
5 to 14 weeks 1,798 1,805 1,811 1,760
15 weeks and over 1,463 1,412 1,434 1,401
15 to 26 weeks 747 708 719 725
27 weeks and over 716 704 715 676
Average (mean) duration, in weeks 13.2 13.0 13.2 13.0
Median duration, in weeks 6.4 5.9 6.3 6.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks 44.4 44.5 44.0 45.1
5 to 14 weeks 30.7 31.1 31.3 30.5
15 weeks and over 25.0 24.3 24.8 24.3
15 to 26 weeks 12.7 12.2 12.4 12.6
27 weeks and over 12.2 12.1 12.3 11.7
1999
Duration
Dec.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks 2,620
5 to 14 weeks 1,694
15 weeks and over 1,388
15 to 26 weeks 693
27 weeks and over 695
Average (mean) duration, in weeks 12.8
Median duration, in weeks 5.9
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed 100.0
Less than 5 weeks 45.9
5 to 14 weeks 29.7
15 weeks and over 24.3
15 to 26 weeks 12.2
27 weeks and over 12.2
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1999. See the article in this issue for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
[TABULAR DATA A-14 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men, 20 years and
Employment status and over
race
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population 206,270 208,832 91,220 92,052
Civilian labor force 138,297 139,941 69,949 70,460
Percent of population 67.0 67.0 76.7 76.5
Employed 132,732 134,696 67,439 68,125
Agriculture 2,953 2,979 2,076 2,047
Nonagricultural
industries 129,779 131,717 65,363 66,077
Unemployed 5,565 5,245 2,510 2,335
Unemployment rate 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.3
Not in labor force 67,973 68,891 21,272 21,592
White
Civilian noninstitutional
population 172,197 173,821 77,300 77,801
Civilian labor force 115,796 116,896 59,662 59,843
Percent of population 67.2 67.3 77.2 76.9
Employed 111,647 113,116 57,725 58,140
Agriculture 2,784 2,819 1,953 1,924
Nonagricultural
industries 108,863 110,297 55,772 56,216
Unemployed 4,149 3,781 1,937 1,703
Unemployment rate 3.6 3.2 3.2 2.8
Not in labor force 56,401 56,925 17,638 17,958
Black
Civilian noninstitutional
population 24,561 25,051 9,808 10,018
Civilian labor force 16,136 16,488 7,047 7,257
Percent of population 65.7 65.8 71.9 72.4
Employed 14,993 15,302 6,592 6,758
Agriculture 117 98 85 74
Nonagricultural
industries 14,876 15,204 6,507 6,684
Unemployed 1,143 1,186 455 499
Unemployment rate 7.1 7.2 6.5 6.9
Not in labor force 8,425 8,562 2,761 2,762
Women, 20 years Both sexes,
Employment status and and over 16 to 19 years
race
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population 99,181 100,666 15,868 16,114
Civilian labor force 60,337 61,426 8,011 8,056
Percent of population 60.8 61.0 50.5 50.0
Employed 58,273 59,491 7,020 7,081
Agriculture 717 740 161 193
Nonagricultural
industries 57,556 58,751 6,860 6,888
Unemployed 2,065 1,935 990 975
Unemployment rate 3.4 3.1 12.4 12.1
Not in labor force 38,844 39,240 7,858 8,059
White
Civilian noninstitutional
population 82,329 83,282 12,568 12,739
Civilian labor force 49,429 50,277 6,705 6,776
Percent of population 60.0 60.4 53.4 53.2
Employed 47,960 48,930 5,962 6,046
Agriculture 676 704 156 190
Nonagricultural
industries 47,284 48,226 5,807 5,856
Unemployed 1,469 1,347 743 730
Unemployment rate 3.0 2.7 11.1 10.8
Not in labor force 32,900 33,005 5,863 5,962
Black
Civilian noninstitutional
population 12,291 12,552 2,462 2,480
Civilian labor force 8,089 8,293 999 938
Percent of population 65.8 66.1 40.6 37.8
Employed 7,600 7,807 801 737
Agriculture 29 23 4 2
Nonagricultural
industries 7,571 7,784 798 735
Unemployed 490 486 198 201
Unemployment rate 6.1 5.9 19.8 21.4
Not in labor force 4,201 4,259 1,462 1,542
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
[TABULAR DATA A-16 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men
Educational attainment Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population 172,714 174,625 82,331 83,066
Civilian labor force 116,772 117,893 62,755 63,067
Percent of population 67.6 67.5 76.2 75.9
Employed 113,078 114,559 60,769 61,303
Employment-population
ratio 65.5 65.6 73.8 73.8
Unemployed 3,694 3,333 1,986 1,764
Unemployment rate 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.8
Less than a high
school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional
population 29,094 28,144 13,670 13,186
Civilian tabor force 12,509 11,963 7,451 7,103
Percent of population 43.0 42.5 54.5 53.9
Employed 11,609 11,236 6,949 6,755
Employment-population
ratio 39.9 39.9 50.8 51.2
Unemployed 900 727 501 348
Unemployment rate 7.2 6.1 6.7 4.9
High school graduates,
no college
Civilian noninstitutional
population 57,115 57,590 26,073 26,376
Civilian tabor force 37,442 37,534 19,932 20,005
Percent of population 65.6 65.2 76.4 75.8
Employed 36,066 36,248 19,188 19,322
Employment-population
ratio 63.1 62.9 73.6 73.3
Unemployed 1,376 1,286 744 683
Unemployment rate 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.4
Less than a bachelor's
degree(1)
Civilian noninstitutional
population 43,022 44,069 19,908 20,134
Civilian tabor force 31,933 32,544 16,087 16,144
Percent of population 74.2 73.8 80.8 80.2
Employed 31,080 31,788 15,648 15,762
Employment-population
ratio 72.2 72.1 78.6 78.3
Unemployed 853 756 439 383
Unemployment rate 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.4
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional
population 29,850 30,520 14,098 14,394
Civilian tabor force 21,459 22,002 11,141 11,344
Percent of population 71.9 72.1 79.0 78.8
Employed 20,860 21,502 10,840 11,087
Employment-population
ratio 69.9 70.5 76.9 77.0
Unemployed 599 500 302 257
Unemployment rate 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.3
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional
population 13,173 13,549 5,8~0 5,741
Civilian tabor force 10,473 10,541 4,945 4,800
Percent of population 79.5 77.8 85.1 83.6
Employed 10,220 10,286 4,808 4,675
Employment-population
ratio 77.6 75.9 82.8 81.4
Unemployed 253 255 137 126
Unemployment rate 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.6
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional
population 43,484 44,821 22,681 23,370
Civilian tabor force 34,889 35,852 19,285 19,815
Percent of population 80.2 80.0 85.0 84.8
Employed 34,323 35,287 18,984 19,464
Employment-population
ratio 78.9 78.7 83.7 83.3
Unemployed 566 565 302 351
Unemployment rate 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8
Women White
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population 90,383 91,559 45,386 46,559
Civilian tabor force 54,017 54,826 97,970 98,600
Percent of population 59.8 59.9 67.4 67.3
Employed 52,309 53,256 95,158 96,200
Employment-population
ratio 57.9 58.2 65.5 65.6
Unemployed 1,708 1,570 2,812 2,399
Unemployment rate 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.4
Less than a high
school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional
population 15,424 14,958 23,418 22,632
Civilian tabor force 5,058 4,861 10,105 9,662
Percent of population 32.8 32.5 43.1 42.7
Employed 4,660 4,481 9,423 9,160
Employment-population
ratio 30.2 30.0 40.2 40.5
Unemployed 398 380 681 502
Unemployment rate 7.9 7.8 67.0 5.2
High school graduates,
no college
Civilian noninstitutional
population 31,042 31,215 48,292 48,688
Civilian tabor force 17,510 17,528 31,349 31,366
Percent of population 56.4 56.2 64.9 64.4
Employed 16,878 16,926 30,340 30,460
Employment-population
ratio 54.4 54.2 62.8 62.6
Unemployed 632 603 1,009 906
Unemployment rate 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.9
Less than a bachelor's
degree(1)
Civilian noninstitutional
population 23,114 23,934 36,269 36,813
Civilian labor force 15,846 16,399 26,625 26,982
Percent of population 68.6 68.5 73.4 73.3
Employed 15,432 16,026 25,986 26,436
Employment-population
ratio 66.8 67.0 71.6 71.8
Unemployed 414 373 639 547
Unemployment rate 2.6 2.3 24.0 2.0
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional
population 15,751 16,126 25,030 25,364
Civilian tabor force 10,318 10,659 17,716 18,075
Percent of population 65.5 66.1 70.8 71.3
Employed 10,021 10,415 17,274 17,702
Employment-population
ratio 63.6 64.6 69.0 69.8
Unemployed 297 244 442 373
Unemployment rate 2.9 2.3 2.5 2.1
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional
population 7,363 7,809 11,239 11,449
Civilian tabor force 5,528 5,741 8,909 8,907
Percent of population 75.1 73.5 79.3 77.8
Employed 5,411 5,611 8,712 8,734
Employment-population
ratio 73.5 71.9 77.5 76.3
Unemployed 116 130 197 174
Unemployment rate 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.9
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional
population 20,803 21,451 37,407 38,425
Civilian tabor force 15,603 16,037 29,892 30,590
Percent of population 75.0 74.8 79.9 79.6
Employed 15,339 15,823 29,410 30,145
Employment-population
ratio 73.7 73.8 78.6 78.5
Unemployed 264 214 482 445
Unemployment rate 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.5
Black Hispanic origin
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional
population 19,529 19,925 16,369 16,981
Civilian tabor force 13,350 13,680 11,408 11,825
Percent of population 68.4 68.7 69.7 69.6
Employed 12,654 12,950 10,695 11,316
Employment-population
ratio 64.8 65.0 65.3 66.6
Unemployed 697 730 713 509
Unemployment rate 5.2 5.3 6.2 4.3
Less than a high
school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional
population 4,454 4,223 7,177 7,417
Civilian tabor force 1,813 1,686 4,185 4,369
Percent of population 40.7 39.9 58.3 58.9
Employed 1,635 1,514 3,822 4,091
Employment-population
ratio 36.7 35.9 53.3 55.2
Unemployed 178 172 364 278
Unemployment rate 9.8 10.2 8.7 6.4
High school graduates,
no college
Civilian noninstitutional
population 6,892 6,869 4,472 4,729
Civilian tabor force 4,844 4,813 3,383 3,517
Percent of population 70.3 70.1 75.7 74.4
Employed 4,557 4,495 3,195 3,382
Employment-population
ratio 66.1 65.4 71.4 71.5
Unemployed 286 318 189 135
Unemployment rate 5.9 6.6 5.6 3.8
Less than a bachelor's
degree(1)
Civilian noninstitutional
population 5,133 5,562 2,919 3,067
Civilian tabor force 4,106 4,377 2,347 2,470
Percent of population 80.0 78.7 80.4 80.5
Employed 3,925 4,205 2,235 2,404
Employment-population
ratio 76.5 75.6 76.6 78.4
Unemployed 181 172 112 66
Unemployment rate 4.4 3.9 4.8 2.7
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional
population 3,750 3,985 2,136 2,246
Civilian tabor force 2,951 3,119 1,699 1,806
Percent of population 78.7 78.3 79.5 80.4
Employed 2,816 3,012 1,622 1,749
Employment-population
ratio 75.1 75.6 75.9 77.9
Unemployed 135 107 77 57
Unemployment rate 4.6 3.4 4.5 3.2
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional
population 1,384 1,576 783 821
Civilian tabor force 1,155 1,259 649 664
Percent of population 83.5 79.8 82.8 80.9
Employed 1,110 1 ,t93 613 655
Employment-population
ratio 80.2 75.7 78.3 79.8
Unemployed 46 65 36 9
Unemployment rate 4.0 5.2 5.5 1.4
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional
population 3,050 3,272 1,801 1,769
Civilian tabor force 2,588 2,803 1,492 1,469
Percent of population 84.9 85.7 82.8 83.0
Employed 2,537 2,735 1,444 1,439
Employment-population
ratio 83.2 83.6 80.2 81.3
Unemployed 51 68 48 30
Unemployment rate 2.0 2.4 3.2 2.0
(1) Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
December 1999
Employed(1)
Full-time workers
At work
1 to 34
35 hours for
Total hours economic Not
or or at
more noneconomic work
reasons
TOTAL
Total, 16 years
and over 111,054 99,657 8,746 2,651
16 to 19 years 2,194 1,874 289 31
16 to 17 years 197 153 44 -
18 to 19 years 1,997 1,721 246 31
20 years and over 108,860 97,783 8,456 2,620
20 to 24 years 9,401 8,453 756 192
25 years and over 99,459 89,330 7,701 2,428
25 to 54 years 86,396 77,882 6,549 1,966
55 years and over 13,062 11,449 1,152 462
Men, 16 years
and over 63,855 58,043 4,364 1,449
16 to 19 years 1,239 1,065 161 13
20 years and over 62,617 56,978 4,203 1,436
20 to 24 years 5,271 4,802 378 91
25 years and over 57,345 52,176 3,825 1,344
25 to 54 years 49,498 45,273 3,183 1,042
55 years and over 7,847 6,903 642 302
Women, 16 years
and over 47,199 41,614 4,382 1,202
16 to 19 years 956 809 129 18
20 years and over 46,243 40,806 4,254 1,184
20 to 24 years 4,130 3,651 378 101
25 years and over 42,113 37,155 3,876 1,083
25 to 54 years 36,899 32,609 3,366 924
55 years and over 5,215 4,546 510 160
White
Men, 16 years
and over 54,601 49,656 3,760 1,185
16 to 19 years 1,046 907 129 10
20 years and over 53,556 48,749 3,631 1,175
20 to 24 years 4,518 4,126 316 76
25 years and over 49,037 44,623 3,315 1,099
25 to 54 years 42,146 38,569 2,741 836
55 years and over 6,891 6,054 574 263
Women, 16 years
and over 38,034 33,476 3,608 949
16 to 19 years 793 666 115 13
20 years and over 37,241 32,811 3,493 937
20 to 24 years 3,323 2,930 308 85
25 years and over 33,917 29,880 3,185 852
25 to 54 years 29,529 26,055 2,750 724
55 years and over 4,388 3,826 435 128
Black
Men, 16 years
and over 6,318 5,718 413 187
16 to 19 years 152 123 26 3
20 years and over 6,166 5,595 387 184
20 to 24 years 558 496 47 15
25 years and over 5,608 5,099 340 169
25 to 54 years 5,009 4,577 293 138
55 years and over 599 522 47 31
Women, 16 years
and over 6,851 6,061 597 193
16 to 19 years 126 108 12 6
20 years and over 6,725 5,953 585 188
20 to 24 years 635 574 44 16
25 years and over 6,091 5,378 540 172
25 to 54 years 5,472 4,843 483 146
55 years and over 618 535 57 26
December 1999
Employed(1)
Part-time workers
At work(2)
Part time Part time Not
Total for for at
economic noneconomic work
reasons reasons
TOTAL
Total, 16 years
and over 23,642 2,105 20,498 1,039
16 to 19 years 4,886 180 4,553 154
16 to 17 years 2,509 19 2,428 62
18 to 19 years 2,377 161 2,125 91
20 years and over 18,756 1,925 15,945 885
20 to 24 years 3,655 371 3,154 129
25 years and over 15,101 1,554 12,791 756
25 to 54 years 10,594 1,399 8,707 489
55 years and over 4,506 155 4,084 267
Men, 16 years
and over 7,844 885 6,619 340
16 to 19 years 2,336 67 2,205 64
20 years and over 5,508 818 4,414 276
20 to 24 years 1,550 199 1,285 66
25 years and over 3,958 619 3,130 210
25 to 54 years 2,129 550 1,487 91
55 years and over 1,830 69 1,642 119
Women, 16 years
and over 15,798 1,219 13,879 699
16 to 19 years 2,550 112 2,348 90
20 years and over 13,248 1,107 11,531 609
20 to 24 years 2,105 172 1,870 63
25 years and over 11,142 935 9,661 546
25 to 54 years 8,466 849 7,220 397
55 years and over 2,677 87 2,442 149
White
Men, 16 years
and over 6,607 641 5,677 289
16 to 19 years 2,023 54 1,914 55
20 years and over 4,584 587 3,763 234
20 to 24 years 1,267 141 1,080 46
25 years and over 3,318 446 2,684 188
25 to 54 years 1,650 394 1,175 81
55 years and over 1,668 52 1,509 107
Women, 16 years
and over 13,874 906 12,358 609
16 to 19 years 2,185 84 2,024 77
20 years and over 11,689 822 10,334 532
20 to 24 years 1,761 132 1,578 51
25 years and over 9,928 690 8,756 481
25 to 54 years 7,525 618 6,560 347
55 years and over 2,403 72 2,197 134
Black
Men, 16 years
and over 794 182 589 23
16 to 19 years 202 13 182 6
20 years and over 592 169 406 17
20 to 24 years 177 43 128 6
25 years and over 415 126 278 11
25 to 54 years 317 116 194 7
55 years and over 98 10 84 4
Women, 16 years
and over 1,339 253 1,026 60
16 to 19 years 257 23 222 13
20 years and over 1,081 230 804 48
20 to 24 years 246 31 206 8
25 years and over 836 199 598 39
25 to 54 years 619 192 395 32
55 years and over 217 6 203 7
December 1999
Unemployed
Looking Looking
for for
full-time part-time
work work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years
and over 4,210 1,035
16 to 19 years 488 487
16 to 17 years 125 329
18 to 19 years 364 158
20 years and over 3,721 549
20 to 24 years 824 112
25 years and over 2,897 437
25 to 54 years 2,612 285
55 years and over 285 151
Men, 16 years
and over 2,416 516
16 to 19 years 312 285
20 years and over 2,104 231
20 to 24 years 509 63
25 years and over 1,595 168
25 to 54 years 1,447 76
55 years and over 148 92
Women, 16 years
and over 1,794 519
16 to 19 years 176 202
20 years and over 1,617 317
20 to 24 years 316 49
25 years and over 1,302 268
25 to 54 years 1,165 209
55 years and over 137 59
White
Men, 16 years
and over 1,788 365
16 to 19 years 245 205
20 years and over 1,542 161
20 to 24 years 363 40
25 years and over 1,180 121
25 to 54 years 1,058 49
55 years and over 121 72
Women, 16 years
and over 1,212 416
16 to 19 years 121 160
20 years and over 1,091 256
20 to 24 years 205 43
25 years and over 886 212
25 to 54 years 775 170
55 years and over 111 43
Black
Men, 16 years
and over 496 122
16 to 19 years 51 68
20 years and over 445 54
20 to 24 years 128 16
25 years and over 316 38
25 to 54 years 301 20
55 years and over 16 17
Women, 16 years
and over 489 79
16 to 19 years 52 30
20 years and over 437 49
20 to 24 years 108 3
25 years and over 329 47
25 to 54 years 310 36
55 years and over 19 11
(1) Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified according to their usual status.
(2) Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-19. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
16 years
and over
Occupation Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total 132,732 134,696
Managerial and professional specialty 40,007 41,038
Executive, administrative, and managerial 19,415 20,023
Officials and administrators, public 840 810
administration
Other executive, administrative, and 13,707 14,162
managerial
Management-related occupations 4,868 5,050
Professional specialty 20,592 21,015
Engineers 2,121 2,128
Mathematical and computer scientists 2 1,870
Natural scientists 603 556
Health diagnosing occupations 1,100 1,051
Health assessment and treating occupations 2,997 2,919
Teachers, college and university 1,033 1,029
Teachers, except college and university 5,188 5,405
Lawyers and judges 925 985
Other professional specialty occupations 4,881 5,072
Technical, sales, and administrative support 38,517 39,560
Technicians and related support 4,137 4,517
Health technologists and technicians 1,691 1,775
Engineering and science technicians 1,102 1,261
Technicians, except health, engineering, and 1,345 1,481
science
Sales occupations 16,189 16,541
Supervisors and proprietors 4,803 4,942
Sales representatives, finance and business 2,733 2,873
services
Sales representatives, commodities, except 1,543 1,492
retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services 7,031 7,143
Sales-related occupations 79 91
Administrative support, including clerical 18,190 18,503
Supervisors 702 698
Computer equipment operators 373 360
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists 3,452 3,230
Financial records processing 2,221 2,084
Mail and message distributing 984 1,024
Other administrative support, including 10,459 11,107
clerical
Service occupations 17,873 17,582
Private household 870 857
Protective service 2,356 2,283
Service, except private household and 14,647 14,442
protective
Food service 6,140 6,101
Health service 2,447 2,360
Cleaning and building service 3,006 3,332
Personal service 3,053 2,949
Precision production, craft, and repair 14,586 14,988
Mechanics and repairers 4,875 4,810
Construction trades 5,665 6,109
Other precision production, craft, and repair 4,047 4,069
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 18,702 18,546
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 7,787 7,295
Transportation and material moving occupations 5,633 4,374
Motor vehicle operators 4,367 4,394
Other transportation and material moving 1,266 1,281
occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 5,282 5,577
laborers
Construction laborers 799 1,057
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, 4,482 4,519
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 3,046 2,981
Farm operators and managers 1,080 1,009
Other farming, forestry, and fishing 1,966 1,973
occupations
Men
16 years
and over
Occupation Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total 70,930 71,699
Managerial and professional specialty 20,266 20,568
Executive, administrative, and managerial 10,729 10,837
Officials and administrators, public 463 382
administration
Other executive, administrative, and 8,209 8,370
managerial
Management-related occupations 2,057 2,084
Professional specialty 9,537 9,731
Engineers 1,888 1,881
Mathematical and computer scientists 1,189 1,316
Natural scientists 430 375
Health diagnosing occupations 839 787
Health assessment and treating occupations 415 444
Teachers, college and university 544 563
Teachers, except college and university 1,378 1,386
Lawyers and judges 647 659
Other professional specialty occupations 2,208 2,320
Technical, sales, and administrative support 13,794 14,249
Technicians and related support 1,869 2,167
Health technologists and technicians 316 308
Engineering and science technicians 805 969
Technicians, except health, engineering, and 748 890
science
Sales occupations 7,981 7,986
Supervisors and proprietors 2,911 2,808
Sales representatives, finance and business 1,563 1,622
services
Sales representatives, commodities, except 1,169 1,067
retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services 2,313 2,459
Sales-related occupations 24 30
Administrative support, including clerical 3,944 4,096
Supervisors 290 284
Computer equipment operators 183 160
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists 100 59
Financial records processing 203 172
Mail and message distributing 599 571
Other administrative support, including 2,571 2,850
clerical
Service occupations 7,094 6,975
Private household 49 51
Protective service 1,936 1,842
Service, except private household and 5,109 5,083
protective
Food service 2,699 2,610
Health service 252 260
Cleaning and building service 1,635 1,664
Personal service 524 549
Precision production, craft, and repair 13,279 13,596
Mechanics and repairers 4,700 4,572
Construction trades 5,529 5,949
Other precision production, craft, and repair 3,050 3,076
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 14,066 13,904
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 4,899 4,479
Transportation and material moving occupations 5,028 5,048
Motor vehicle operators 3,839 3,855
Other transportation and material moving 1,189 1,193
occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 4,139 4,377
laborers
Construction laborers 769 1,023
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, 3,370 3,355
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 2,431 2,407
Farm operators and managers 813 774
Other farming, forestry, and fishing 1,618 1,633
occupations
20 years
and over
Occupation Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total 67,439 68,125
Managerial and professional specialty 20,156 20,436
Executive, administrative, and managerial 10,686 10,784
Officials and administrators, public 463 382
administration
Other executive, administrative, and 8,170 8,324
managerial
Management-related occupations 2,053 2,078
Professional specialty 9,471 9,653
Engineers 1,886 1,878
Mathematical and computer scientists 1,181 1,316
Natural scientists 430 375
Health diagnosing occupations 839 787
Health assessment and treating occupations 415 442
Teachers, college and university 540 559
Teachers, except college and university 1,362 1,352
Lawyers and judges 647 659
Other professional specialty occupations 2,171 2,286
Technical, sales, and administrative support 12,689 13,335
Technicians and related support 1,827 2,129
Health technologists and technicians 304 300
Engineering and science technicians 783 951
Technicians, except health, engineering, and 739 878
science
Sales occupations 7,375 7,381
Supervisors and proprietors 2,883 2,782
Sales representatives, finance and business 1,532 1,609
services
Sales representatives, commodities, except 1,159 1,059
retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services 1,776 1,900
Sales-related occupations 24 30
Administrative support, including clerical 3,688 3,825
Supervisors 289 280
Computer equipment operators 181 139
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists 91 50
Financial records processing 199 165
Mail and message distributing 589 542
Other administrative support, including 2,338 2,650
clerical
Service occupations 6,129 6,002
Private household 44 36
Protective service 1,885 1,802
Service, except private household and 4,200 4,165
protective
Food service 1,983 1,907
Health service 228 243
Cleaning and building service 1,509 1,544
Personal service 480 470
Precision production, craft, and repair 12,941 13,256
Mechanics and repairers 4,566 4,475
Construction trades 5,374 5,772
Other precision production, craft, and repair 3,031 3,010
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 13,055 12,888
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 4,735 4,288
Transportation and material moving occupations 4,901 4,940
Motor vehicle operators 3,736 3,772
Other transportation and material moving 1,165 1,168
occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 3,419 3,661
laborers
Construction laborers 700 911
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, 2,718 2,750
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 2,268 2,206
Farm operators and managers 810 771
Other farming, forestry, and fishing 1,458 1,435
occupations
Women
16 years
and over
Occupation Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total 61,801 62,997
Managerial and professional specialty 19,741 20,471
Executive, administrative, and managerial 8,686 9,187
Officials and administrators, public 377 429
administration
Other executive, administrative, and 5,498 5,792
managerial
Management-related occupations 2,811 2,966
Professional specialty 11,055 11,284
Engineers 233 247
Mathematical and computer scientists 554 554
Natural scientists 174 181
Health diagnosing occupations 261 264
Health assessment and treating occupations 2,582 2,475
Teachers, college and university 489 466
Teachers, except college and university 3,810 4,018
Lawyers and judges 278 326
Other professional specialty occupations 2,674 2,752
Technical, sales, and administrative support 24,723 25,312
Technicians and related support 2,269 2,349
Health technologists and technicians 1,375 1,467
Engineering and science technicians 297 292
Technicians, except health, engineering, and 597 590
science
Sales occupations 8,208 8,555
Supervisors and proprietors 1,892 2,134
Sales representatives, finance and business 1,170 1,251
services
Sales representatives, commodities, except 374 425
retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services 4,718 4,684
Sales-related occupations 54 61
Administrative support, including clerical 14,246 14,407
Supervisors 412 414
Computer equipment operators 190 200
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists 3,352 3,172
Financial records processing 2,018 1,912
Mail and message distributing 385 452
Other administrative support, including 7,889 8,257
clerical
Service occupations 10,779 10,607
Private household 821 806
Protective service 420 442
Service, except private household and 9,538 9,359
protective
Food service 3,441 3,490
Health service 2,196 2,100
Cleaning and building service 1,372 1,369
Personal service 2,529 2,400
Precision production, craft, and repair 1,308 1,392
Mechanics and repairers 175 238
Construction trades 136 160
Other precision production, craft, and repair 997 993
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 4,636 4,642
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 2,889 2,816
Transportation and material moving occupations 605 627
Motor vehicle operators 528 538
Other transportation and material moving 77 88
occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 1,143 1,199
laborers
Construction laborers 30 35
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, 1,112 1,165
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 615 574
Farm operators and managers 267 235
Other farming, forestry, and fishing 348 339
occupations
20 years
and over
Occupation Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total 58,273 59,491
Managerial and professional specialty 19,557 20,260
Executive, administrative, and managerial 8,642 9,123
Officials and administrators, public 373 426
administration
Other executive, administrative, and 5,461 5,743
managerial
Management-related occupations 2,808 2,953
Professional specialty 10,914 11,138
Engineers 233 247
Mathematical and computer scientists 554 554
Natural scientists 174 181
Health diagnosing occupations 258 264
Health assessment and treating occupations 2,579 2,471
Teachers, college and university 481 454
Teachers, except college and university 3,765 3,958
Lawyers and judges 278 326
Other professional specialty occupations 2,592 2,681
Technical, sales, and administrative support 22,779 23,425
Technicians and related support 2,239 2,303
Health technologists and technicians 1,348 1,441
Engineering and science technicians 295 284
Technicians, except health, engineering, and 596 578
science
Sales occupations 6,907 7,283
Supervisors and proprietors 1,858 2,094
Sales representatives, finance and business 1,138 1,232
services
Sales representatives, commodities, except 359 406
retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services 3,498 3,497
Sales-related occupations 54 53
Administrative support, including clerical 13,633 13,839
Supervisors 410 412
Computer equipment operators 187 199
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists 3,269 3,090
Financial records processing 1,986 1,883
Mail and message distributing 373 433
Other administrative support, including 7,408 7,822
clerical
Service occupations 9,658 9,488
Private household 741 729
Protective service 400 415
Service, except private household and 8,517 8,343
protective
Food service 2,769 2,814
Health service 2,119 2,017
Cleaning and building service 1,301 1,296
Personal service 2,329 2,216
Precision production, craft, and repair 1,273 1,345
Mechanics and repairers 172 227
Construction trades 134 155
Other precision production, craft, and repair 967 963
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 4,420 4,422
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 2,823 2,754
Transportation and material moving occupations 602 606
Motor vehicle operators 525 521
Other transportation and material moving 77 85
occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 995 1,061
laborers
Construction laborers 30 35
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, 965 1,027
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 586 551
Farm operators and managers 264 234
Other farming, forestry, and fishing 322 318
occupations
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 132,732 134,696
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 30.1 30.5
Executive, administrative, and managerial 14.6 14.9
Professional specialty 15.5 15.6
Technical, sales, and administrative support 29.0 29.4
Technicians and related support 3.1 3.4
Sales occupations 12.2 12.3
Administrative support, including clerical 13.7 13.7
Service occupations 13.5 13.1
Private household .6 .1
Protective service 1.8 1.7
Service, except private household and 11.0 10.7
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 11.0 11.1
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 14.1 13.8
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 5.9 5.4
Transportation and material moving occupations 4.2 4.2
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 4.0 4.1
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 2.3 2.2
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 111,647 113,116
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 31.1 31.3
Executive, administrative, and managerial 15.3 15.5
Professional specialty 15.9 15.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support 29.1 29.3
Technicians and related support 3.1 3.3
Sales occupations 12.4 12.6
Administrative support, including clerical 13.5 13.4
Service occupations 12.3 11.9
Private household .6 .6
Protective service 1.7 1.6
Service, except private household and 10.0 9.7
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 11.5 11.8
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 13.4 13.2
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 5.5 5.1
Transportation and material moving occupations 4.1 4.1
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 3.8 4.0
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 2.5 2.5
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 14,993 15,302
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 20.9 22.4
Executive, administrative, and managerial 10.1 10.9
Professional specialty 10.8 11.5
Technical, sales, and administrative support 28.9 29.5
Technicians and related support 3.0 3.0
Sales occupations 10.1 9.6
Administrative support, including clerical 15.8 16.8
Service occupations 21.7 20.8
Private household .9 1.0
Protective service 2.7 2.7
Service, except private household and 18.0 17.1
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 7.9 7.7
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 19.5 18.7
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 8.1 7.1
Transportation and material moving occupations 5.8 6.1
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 5.6 5.4
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 1.1 .9
Men
Occupation and race Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 70,930 71,699
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 28.6 28.7
Executive, administrative, and managerial 15.1 15.1
Professional specialty 13.4 13.6
Technical, sales, and administrative support 19.4 19.9
Technicians and related support 2.6 3.0
Sales occupations 11.3 11.1
Administrative support, including clerical 5.6 5.7
Service occupations 10.0 9.7
Private household .1 .1
Protective service 2.7 2.6
Service, except private household and 7.2 7.1
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 18.7 19.0
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 19.8 19.4
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 6.9 6.2
Transportation and material moving occupations 7.1 7.0
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 5.8 6.1
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 3.4 3.4
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 60,722 61,208
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 29.5 29.4
Executive, administrative, and managerial 15.9 15.8
Professional specialty 13.5 13.6
Technical, sales, and administrative support 19.4 19.8
Technicians and related support 2.6 3.0
Sales occupations 11.6 11.6
Administrative support, including clerical 5.2 5.2
Service occupations 9.0 8.8
Private household .1 (1)
Protective service 2.6 2.5
Service, except private household and 6.3 6.3
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 19.5 20.0
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 18.9 18.5
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 6.6 5.9
Transportation and material moving occupations 6.9 6.7
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 5.5 5.8
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 3.7 3.7
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 6,945 7,112
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 18.1 19.3
Executive, administrative, and managerial 9.4 9.7
Professional specialty 8.6 9.5
Technical, sales, and administrative support 18.4 19.6
Technicians and related support 2.4 2.5
Sales occupations 7.9 7.5
Administrative support, including clerical 8.1 9.6
Service occupations 17.2 16.4
Private household .1 .2
Protective service 4.2 3.8
Service, except private household and 13.0 12.4
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 14.5 13.7
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 29.9 29.5
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 10.1 8.6
Transportation and material moving occupations 10.4 11.4
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 9.4 9.4
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 1.9 1.6
Women
Occupation and race Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 61,801 62,997
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 31.9 32.5
Executive, administrative, and managerial 14.1 14.6
Professional specialty 17.9 17.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support 40.0 40.2
Technicians and related support 3.7 3.7
Sales occupations 13.3 13.6
Administrative support, including clerical 23.1 22.9
Service occupations 17.4 16.8
Private household 1.3 1.3
Protective service .7 .7
Service, except private household and 15.4 14.9
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 2.1 2.2
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 7.5 7.4
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 4.7 4.5
Transportation and material moving occupations 1.0 1.0
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 1.8 1.9
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 1.0 .9
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 50,924 51,908
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 33.1 33.6
Executive, administrative, and managerial 14.5 15.0
Professional specialty 18.7 18.6
Technical, sales, and administrative support 40.6 40.6
Technicians and related support 3.7 3.7
Sales occupations 13.5 13.9
Administrative support, including clerical 23.4 23.0
Service occupations 16.3 15.6
Private household 1.3 1.2
Protective service .6 .6
Service, except private household and 14.4 13.9
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 2.0 2.1
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 6.9 7.0
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 4.3 4.1
Transportation and material moving occupations .9 .9
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 1.8 1.9
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing 1.1 1.0
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) 8,048 8,190
Percent 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty 23.3 25.2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 10.6 12.0
Professional specialty 12.7 13.3
Technical, sales, and administrative support 38.0 38.1
Technicians and related support 3.4 3.5
Sales occupations 12.0 11.5
Administrative support, including clerical 22.5 23.1
Service occupations 25.5 24.7
Private household 1.6 1.7
Protective service 1.5 1.8
Service, except private household and 22.4 21.2
protective
Precision production, craft, and repair 2.2 2.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 10.6 9.3
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 6.4 5.8
Transportation and material moving occupations 1.8 1.6
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 2.4 1.9
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .5 .2
(1) Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
December 1999
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Executive,
adminis-
trative,
Total and Profes-
em- mana- sional
Industry ployed gerial specialty
Agriculture 2,979 147 96
Mining 556 92 55
Construction 9,483 1,415 177
Manufacturing 20,084 2,982 1,986
Durable goods 12,238 1,785 1,314
Nondurable goods 7,846 1,198 672
Transportation and public
utilities 9,653 1,314 556
Wholesale and retail trade 28,053 2,521 602
Wholesale trade 5,152 625 171
Retail trade 22,900 1,895 431
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 8,781 2,677 401
Services 49,195 7,459 16,121
Private households 979 4 5
Other service industries 48,216 7,455 16,116
Professional services 32,928 4,602 13,869
Public administration 5,911 1,417 1,022
December 1999
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Techni- Adminis-
cians trative
and support,
related including
Industry support Sales clerical
Agriculture 39 13 133
Mining 17 3 51
Construction 56 118 396
Manufacturing 696 767 1,919
Durable goods 469 357 1,020
Nondurable goods 228 410 899
Transportation and public
utilities 339 296 2,431
Wholesale and retail trade 333 11864 2,294
Wholesale trade 70 2,050 773
Retail trade 262 9,813 1,521
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 194 2,252 2,735
Services 2,631 1,190 7,336
Private households 4 - 13
Other service industries 2,626 1,190 7,323
Professional services 2,114 209 5,516
Public administration 212 40 1,208
December 1999
Service
occupations
Preci-
sion
produc-
tion,
Private craft,
house- Other and
Industry hold service(1) repair
Agriculture - 12 61
Mining - 5 192
Construction - 44 5,464
Manufacturing - 229 3,875
Durable goods - 112 2,737
Nondurable goods - 117 1,138
Transportation and public
utilities - 288 1,350
Wholesale and retail trade - 5,100 1,497
Wholesale trade - 59 367
Retail trade - 5,041 1,131
Finance, insurance, and
real estate - 295 165
Services 857 9,075 2,182
Private households 857 67 -
Other service industries - 9,008 2,182
Professional services - 5,472 473
Public administration - 1,678 202
December 1999
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Machine
opera-
tors Handlers,
assem- Transpor- equipment
blers, tation cleaners,
and and helpers,
inspec- material and
Industry tors moving laborers
Agriculture 15 45 13
Mining 26 88 27
Construction 113 556 1,124
Manufacturing 5,775 751 1,044
Durable goods 3,505 413 470
Nondurable goods 2,270 338 573
Transportation and public
utilities 98 2,422 542
Wholesale and retail trade 406 1,129 2,245
Wholesale trade 123 490 391
Retail trade 283 639 1,854
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 6 19 10
Services 821 634 541
Private households 2 4 11
Other service industries 819 630 530
Professional services 180 321 98
Public administration 35 30 31
Farming,
forestry,
and
Industry fishing
Agriculture 2,405
Mining -
Construction 21
Manufacturing 60
Durable goods 57
Nondurable goods 4
Transportation and public
utilities 17
Wholesale and retail trade 63
Wholesale trade 33
Retail trade 31
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 29
Services 348
Private households 12
Other service industries 336
Professional services 74
Public administration 36
(1) Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
December 1999
Agriculture
Age and sex Wage and Self- Unpaid
salary employed family
workers workers workers
Total, 16 years and over 1,822 1,127 31
16 to 19 years 173 9 11
16 to 17 years 77 5 8
18 to 19 years 96 4 3
20 to 24 years 256 5 4
25 to 34 years 412 133 -
35 to 44 years 473 264 8
45 to 54 years 290 255 2
55 to 64 years 172 252 3
65 years and over 45 209 2
Men, 16 years and over 1,339 860 9
16 to 19 years 147 8 6
16 to 17 years 64 5 3
18 to 19 years 83 3 3
20 to 24 years 197 4 1
25 to 34 years 297 110 -
35 to 44 years 359 211 1
45 to 54 years 180 186 -
55 to 64 years 118 177 -
65 years and over 41 163 -
Women, 16 years and over 483 267 22
16 to 19 years 26 1 5
16 to 17 years 13 - 5
18 to 19 years 13 1 -
20 to 24 years 59 - 3
25 to 34 years 115 23 -
35 to 44 years 114 53 7
45 to 54 years 110 69 1
55 to 64 years 53 75 3
65 years and over 4 46 2
December 1999
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Age and sex Private
household
Total Total workers
Total, 16 years and over 123,053 103,885 972
16 to 19 years 6,830 6,525 98
16 to 17 years 2,594 2,513 69
18 to 19 years 4,235 4,012 29
20 to 24 years 12,560 11,415 108
25 to 34 years 28,860 25,225 155
35 to 44 years 33,588 28,134 209
45 to 54 years 26,353 20,584 190
55 to 64 years 11,797 9,415 137
65 years and over 3,065 2,587 76
Men, 16 years and over 64,115 55,898 80
16 to 19 years 3,375 3,250 19
16 to 17 years 1,272 1,228 15
18 to 19 years 2,104 2,022 5
20 to 24 years 6,499 6,018 18
25 to 34 years 15,278 13,750 12
35 to 44 years 17,688 15,340 6
45 to 54 years 13,427 11,011 8
55 to 64 years 6,205 5,114 10
65 years and over 1,642 1,415 7
Women, 16 years and over 58,938 47,987 893
16 to 19 years 3,454 3,275 79
16 to 17 years 1,323 1,286 55
18 to 19 years 2,131 1,990 24
20 to 24 years 6,061 5,397 90
25 to 34 years 13,582 11,475 143
35 to 44 years 15,900 12,794 203
45 to 54 years 12,925 19,573 182
55 to 64 years 5,592 4,300 127
65 years and over 1,423 1,172 69
December 1999
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private
industries
Age and sex Other
private
industries Government
Total, 16 years and over 102,912 19,169
16 to 19 years 6,427 305
16 to 17 years 2,444 81
18 to 19 years 3,983 224
20 to 24 years 11,307 1,145
25 to 34 years 25,070 3,635
35 to 44 years 27,926 5,454
45 to 54 years 20,394 5,769
55 to 64 years 9,278 2,382
65 years and over 2,510 478
Men, 16 years and over 55,818 8,217
16 to 19 years 3,230 126
16 to 17 years 1,213 44
18 to 19 years 2,017 82
20 to 24 years 6,000 481
25 to 34 years 13,738 1,528
35 to 44 years 15,334 2,348
45 to 54 years 11,003 2,416
55 to 64 years 5,104 1,090
65 years and over 1,408 227
Women, 16 years and over 47,094 10,952
16 to 19 years 3,197 179
16 to 17 years 1,231 37
18 to 19 years 1,966 142
20 to 24 years 5,307 664
25 to 34 years 11,332 2,107
35 to 44 years 12,591 3,106
45 to 54 years 9,391 3,352
55 to 64 years 4,174 1,292
65 years and over 1,102 251
December 1999
Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex Self Unpaid
employed family
workers workers
Total, 16 years and over 8,566 97
16 to 19 years 52 6
16 to 17 years 22 -
18 to 19 years 30 6
20 to 24 years 229 1
25 to 34 years 1,395 14
35 to 44 years 2,490 31
45 to 54 years 2,402 19
55 to 64 years 1,351 11
65 years and over 647 15
Men, 16 years and over 5,354 23
16 to 19 years 35 4
16 to 17 years 17 -
18 to 19 years 18 4
20 to 24 years 119 1
25 to 34 years 868 8
35 to 44 years 1,530 2
45 to 54 years 1,480 -
55 to 64 years 861 5
65 years and over 461 3
Women, 16 years and over 3,212 74
16 to 19 years 16 3
16 to 17 years 5 -
18 to 19 years 11 3
20 to 24 years 111 -
25 to 34 years 527 6
35 to 44 years 960 29
45 to 54 years 922 19
55 to 64 years 489 5
65 years and over 186 12
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-23. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries
by hours of work
December 1999
Hours of work Thousands of persons
Nonagri-
All cultural
industries Agriculture industries
Total, 16 years and over 131,006 2,818 128,188
1 to 34 hours 30,375 914 29,462
1 to 4 hours 1,120 84 1,036
5 to 14 hours 5,094 197 4,897
15 to 29 hours 15,349 392 14,957
30 to 34 hours 8,812 240 8,572
35 hours and over 100,631 1,905 98,726
35 to 39 hours 8,755 128 8,627
40 hours 49,390 749 48,641
41 hours and over 42,486 1,029 41,457
41 to 48 hours 15,399 238 15,161
49 to 59 hours 15,782 338 15,444
60 hours and over 11,305 453 10,853
Average hours, total
at work 39.8 39.8 39.8
Average hours, persons
who usually work full 43.8 45.8 43.7
time
December 1999
Hours of work Percent distribution
Nonagri-
All cultural
industries Agriculture industries
Total, 16 years and over 100.0 100.0 100.0
1 to 34 hours 23.2 32.4 23.0
1 to 4 hours .9 3.0 .8
5 to 14 hours 3.9 7.0 3.8
15 to 29 hours 11.7 13.9 11.7
30 to 34 hours 6.7 8.5 6.7
35 hours and over 76.8 67.6 77.0
35 to 39 hours 6.7 4.5 6.7
40 hours 37.7 26.6 37.9
41 hours and over 32.4 36.5 32.3
41 to 48 hours 11.8 8.4 11.8
49 to 59 hours 12.0 12.0 12.0
60 hours and over 8.6 16.1 8.5
Average hours, total
at work - - -
Average hours, persons
who usually work full - - -
time
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
December 1999
All industries
Reason for working less than
35 hours
Usually Usually
work work
Total full time part time
Total, 16 years and over 30,375 8,746 21,629
Economic reasons 3,332 1,365 1,967
Slack work or business conditions 2,317 1,078 938
Could only find part- time work 974 - 974
Seasonal work 185 130 55
Job started or ended during week 157 157 -
Noneconomic reasons 27,043 7,381 19,662
Child-care problems 899 80 819
Other family or personal
obligations 5,508 777 4,732
Health or medical limitations 753 - 753
In school or training 7,288 106 7,181
Retired or Social Security limit
on earnings 2,113 - 2,113
Vacation or personal day 2,378 2,878 -
Holiday, legal or religious 85 85 -
Weather-related curtailment 263 - 221
All other reasons 7,256 3,192 4,064
Average hours:
Economic reasons 23.1 23.9 22.6
Other reasons 21.2 25.8 19.5
December 1999
Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than
35 hours
Usually Usually
work work
Total full time part time
Total, 16 years and over 29,462 8,406 21,056
Economic reasons 3,129 1,216 1,913
Slack work or business conditions 1,891 983 908
Could only find part- time work 964 - 964
Seasonal work 123 81 41
Job started or ended during week 152 152 -
Noneconomic reasons 26,333 7,190 19,143
Child-care problems 884 77 806
Other family or personal
obligations 5,356 740 4,616
Health or medical limitations 736 - 736
In school or training 7,161 106 7,055
Retired or Social Security limit
on earnings 1,977 - 1,977
Vacation or personal day 2,827 2,827 -
Holiday, legal or religious 81 81 -
Weather-related curtailment 221 221 -
All other reasons 7,091 3,138 3,953
Average hours:
Economic reasons 23.2 24.0 22.7
Other reasons 21.3 25.8 19.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Worked 1 to
34 hours
Industry and class of worker Total For
at economic
work Total reasons
Total, 16 years and over 128,188 29,462 3,129
Wage and salary workers 119,938 26,943 2,750
Mining 508 47 6
Construction 7,665 1,241 317
Manufacturing 19,286 2,090 260
Durable goods 11,789 1,186 121
Nondurable goods 7,497 904 139
Transportation and public utilities 8,942 1,373 156
Wholesale and retail trade 25,920 8,389 918
Finance, insurance, and real estate 7,865 1,404 105
Service industries 44,004 11,548 943
Private households 952 539 75
All other industries 43,052 11,008 868
Public administration 5,747 852 45
Self-employed workers 8,152 2,465 379
Unpaid family workers 97 54 -
December 1999
Worked 1 to
34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Usually Usually
work work Worked
full part 35 hours
time time or more
Total, 16 years and over 7,190 19,143 98,726
Wage and salary workers 6,737 17,456 92,995
Mining 32 9 461
Construction 504 420 6,424
Manufacturing 999 831 17,196
Durable goods 632 434 10,603
Nondurable goods 368 397 6,594
Transportation and public utilities 569 649 7,569
Wholesale and retail trade 1,144 6,327 17,531
Finance, insurance, and real estate 507 791 6,461
Service industries 2,464 8,140 32,457
Private households 23 441 412
All other industries 2,441 7,699 32,044
Public administration 517 290 4,895
Self-employed workers 448 1,638 5,687
Unpaid family workers 5 49 44
December 1999
Average hours
Total Persons who
at usually work
work full time
Total, 16 years and over 39.8 43.7
Wage and salary workers 39.8 43.5
Mining 47.9 48.5
Construction 41.1 42.7
Manufacturing 42.9 44.0
Durable goods 43.4 44.3
Nondurable goods 42.2 43.6
Transportation and public utilities 42.9 44.9
Wholesale and retail trade 37.4 43.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate 40.4 42.8
Service industries 38.5 43.2
Private households 29.1 44.2
All other industries 38.7 43.2
Public administration 41.4 42.7
Self-employed workers 40.4 46.9
Unpaid family workers 31.9 (1)
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Age, sex, race and marital status Total For
at economic
work Total reasons
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over 128,188 29,462 3,129
16 to 19 years 6,709 4,797 239
16 to 17 years 2,557 2,390 31
18 to 19 years 4,152 2,406 208
20 years and over 121,479 24,665 2,890
20 to 24 years 12,475 4,042 467
25 years and over 109,004 20,623 2,423
25 to 54 years 92,805 15,742 2,149
55 years and over 16,199 4,881 274
Men, 16 years and over 67,805 10,964 1,536
16 to 19 years 3,341 2,269 92
16 to 17 years 1,257 1,168 13
18 to 19 years 2,083 1,101 79
20 years and over 64,464 8,694 1,444
20 to 24 years 6,467 1,745 261
25 years and over 57,997 6,950 1,183
25 to 54 years 49,213 4,865 1,049
55 years and over 8,784 2,084 134
Women, 16 years and over 60,383 18,498 1,593
16 to 19 years 3,368 2,528 147
16 to 17 years 1,300 1,222 17
18 to 19 years 2,068 1,305 130
20 years and over 57,015 15,971 1,446
20 to 24 years 6,008 2,297 206
25 years and over 51,007 13,673 1,240
25 to 54 years 43,593 10,877 1,100
55 years and over 7,415 2,796 140
Race
White, 16 years and over 107,411 25,211 2,361
Men 57,739 9,249 1,155
Women 49,672 15,962 1,207
Black, 16 years and over 14,748 2,976 606
Men 6,834 1,137 300
Women 7,914 1,839 306
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 41,180 4,525 664
Widowed, divorced, or separated 7,987 1,185 269
Single (never married) 18,638 5,253 604
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 32,634 9,667 570
Widowed, divorced, or separated 12,180 2,935 395
Single (never married) 15,569 5,892 628
December 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For economic
reasons
Usually Usually
Age, sex, race and marital status work work Worked
full part 35 hours
time time or more
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over 7,190 19,143 98,726
16 to 19 years 188 4,370 1,912
16 to 17 years 26 2,334 167
18 to 19 years 162 2,036 1,745
20 years and over 7,003 14,772 96,814
20 to 24 years 605 2,971 8,433
25 years and over 6,398 11,801 88,381
25 to 54 years 5,453 8,140 77,063
55 years and over 945 3,662 11,318
Men, 16 years and over 3,355 6,073 56,841
16 to 19 years 97 2,080 1,072
16 to 17 years 14 1,141 89
18 to 19 years 83 939 982
20 years and over 3,259 3,992 55,769
20 to 24 years 280 1,204 4,722
25 years and over 2,978 2,788 51,047
25 to 54 years 2,462 1,354 44,347
55 years and over 516 1,434 6,700
Women, 16 years and over 3,835 13,070 41,885
16 to 19 years 91 2,290 840
16 to 17 years 12 1,193 77
18 to 19 years 78 1,097 763
20 years and over 3,744 10,780 41,045
20 to 24 years 324 1,767 3,711
25 years and over 3,420 9,013 37,334
25 to 54 years 2,991 6,785 32,716
55 years and over 429 2,228 4,618
Race
White, 16 years and over 6,062 16,788 82,200
Men 2,915 5,180 48,490
Women 3,147 11,608 33,710
Black, 16 years and over 813 1,557 11,772
Men 279 559 5,696
Women 534 998 6,075
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 2,059 1,803 36,654
Widowed, divorced, or separated 477 439 6,802
Single (never married) 820 3,830 13,385
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 2,103 6,994 22,967
Widowed, divorced, or separated 849 1,695 9,241
Single (never married) 883 4,381 9,677
December 1999
Average hours
Age, sex, race and marital status Total Persons who
at usually work
work full time
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over 39.8 43.7
16 to 19 years 24.6 40.0
16 to 17 years 17.6 37.0
18 to 19 years 29.0 40.3
20 years and over 40.6 43.8
20 to 24 years 36.3 42.0
25 years and over 41.1 44.0
25 to 54 years 41.8 44.1
55 years and over 37.5 43.3
Men, 16 years and over 42.6 45.2
16 to 19 years 25.6 40.2
16 to 17 years 18.0 37.1
18 to 19 years 30.2 40.5
20 years and over 43.4 45.3
20 to 24 years 37.9 42.9
25 years and over 44.0 45.5
25 to 54 years 44.7 45.7
55 years and over 40.1 44.6
Women, 16 years and over 36.7 41.8
16 to 19 years 23.7 39.7
16 to 17 years 17.2 36.8
18 to 19 years 27.7 40.0
20 years and over 37.5 41.8
20 to 24 years 34.5 41.0
25 years and over 37.8 41.9
25 to 54 years 38.4 42.0
55 years and over 34.4 41.5
Race
White, 16 years and over 39.8 43.9
Men 42.7 45.3
Women 36.4 41.9
Black, 16 years and over 39.7 42.6
Men 41.5 44.1
Women 38.1 41.3
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 44.6 45.9
Widowed, divorced, or separated 43.1 44.9
Single (never married) 37.8 43.4
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 36.9 41.6
Widowed, divorced, or separated 38.8 42.3
Single (never married) 34.7 41.8
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
December 1999
Worked 1 to
34 hours
Occupation and sex Total For
at economic
work Total reasons
Total, 16 years and over(1) 128,197 29,490 3,136
Managerial and professional specialty 40,071 6,805 467
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 19,627 2,727 213
Professional specialty 20,444 4,078 254
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 38,573 10,761 781
Technicians and related support 4,388 975 49
Sales occupations 16,154 4,774 401
Administrative support, including
clerical 18,032 5,012 331
Service occupations 17,018 6,485 782
Private household 838 485 70
Protective service 2,202 342 24
Service, except private household
and protective 13,978 5,658 688
Precision production, craft,
and repair 14,549 1,923 470
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 17,986 3,517 636
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 7,052 1,038 220
Transportation and material moving
occupations 5,501 892 170
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 5,433 1,587 245
Men, 16 years and over(1) 67,622 10,914 1,542
Managerial and professional specialty 20,202 2,356 258
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 10,654 1,051 128
Professional specialty 9,547 1,305 130
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 13,956 2,558 199
Technicians and related support 2,116 334 25
Sales occupations 7,833 1,396 95
Administrative support, including
clerical 4,006 828 79
Service occupations 6,748 1,970 236
Private household 51 36 4
Protective service 1,767 217 10
Service, except private household
and protective 4,931 1,716 222
Precision production, craft,
and repair 13,200 1,676 425
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 13,517 2,355 425
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 4,358 504 126
Transportation and material moving
occupations 4,884 663 125
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 4,275 1,188 174
Women, 16 years and over(1) 60,575 18,576 1,594
Managerial and professional specialty 19,869 4,449 209
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 8,973 1,676 84
Professional specialty 10,896 2,773 125
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 24,618 8,203 582
Technicians and related support 2,272 642 25
Sales occupations 8,321 3,377 306
Administrative support, including
clerical 14,025 4,184 252
Service occupations 10,270 4,515 546
Private household 788 449 66
Protective service 435 125 14
Service, except private household
and protective 9,047 3,941 466
Precision production, craft,
and repair 1,348 247 46
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 4,470 1,161 211
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 2,694 534 94
Transportation and material moving
occupations 618 229 45
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 1,158 399 71
December 1999
Worked 1 to
34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Usually Usually
Occupation and sex work work Worked
full part 35 hours
time time or more
Total, 16 years and over(1) 7,189 19,165 98,707
Managerial and professional specialty 2,287 4,051 33,266
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 1,150 1,364 16,900
Professional specialty 1,136 2,687 16,366
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 2,285 7,695 27,813
Technicians and related support 358 568 3,413
Sales occupations 656 3,717 11,380
Administrative support, including
clerical 1,272 3,409 13,020
Service occupations 805 4,898 10,533
Private household 21 395 353
Protective service 132 187 1,860
Service, except private household
and protective 653 4,317 8,320
Precision production, craft,
and repair 875 578 12,626
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 938 1,943 14,469
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 373 445 6,014
Transportation and material moving
occupations 250 472 4,610
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 315 1,027 3,845
Men, 16 years and over(1) 3,334 6,038 56,708
Managerial and professional specialty 934 1,163 17,846
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 493 430 9,603
Professional specialty 441 734 8,243
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 659 1,700 11,398
Technicians and related support 165 144 1,783
Sales occupations 254 1,047 6,437
Administrative support, including
clerical 241 509 3,178
Service occupations 299 1,435 4,778
Private household - 32 14
Protective service 104 104 1,550
Service, except private household
and protective 195 1,299 3,214
Precision production, craft,
and repair 802 449 11,525
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 640 1,291 11,161
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 191 188 3,854
Transportation and material moving
occupations 208 330 4,221
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 241 773 3,087
Women, 16 years and over(1) 3,855 13,127 41,999
Managerial and professional specialty 1,352 2,888 15,420
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 658 934 7,297
Professional specialty 695 1,953 8,123
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 1,626 5,995 16,415
Technicians and related support 193 424 1,630
Sales occupations 402 2,670 4,943
Administrative support, including
clerical 1,031 2,901 9,842
Service occupations 506 3,463 5,755
Private household 21 362 339
Protective service 28 83 310
Service, except private household
and protective 458 3,018 5,106
Precision production, craft,
and repair 73 129 1,101
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 298 653 3,308
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 182 257 2,160
Transportation and material moving
occupations 41 142 389
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 74 254 759
December 1999
Average hours
Occupation and sex Total Persons who
at usually work
work full time
Total, 16 years and over(1) 39.8 43.7
Managerial and professional specialty 42.3 45.1
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 43.8 45.8
Professional specialty 40.9 44.4
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 37.9 42.7
Technicians and related support 39.6 42.4
Sales occupations 38.8 45.0
Administrative support, including
clerical 36.7 41.0
Service occupations 35.3 42.8
Private household 28.9 44.3
Protective service 43.5 46.0
Service, except private household
and protective 34.4 42.0
Precision production, craft,
and repair 42.2 43.4
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 40.6 43.6
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 41.1 42.7
Transportation and material moving
occupations 43.8 46.6
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 36.8 41.7
Men, 16 years and over(1) 42.6 45.2
Managerial and professional specialty 45.2 47.0
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 46.4 47.7
Professional specialty 43.8 46.1
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 42.0 45.4
Technicians and related support 42.3 44.2
Sales occupations 43.1 47.0
Administrative support, including
clerical 39.8 43.1
Service occupations 38.2 44.2
Private household (2) (2)
Protective service 45.1 46.9
Service, except private household
and protective 35.9 42.9
Precision production, craft,
and repair 42.4 43.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 41.5 44.4
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 42.4 43.7
Transportation and material moving
occupations 44.7 46.9
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 37.1 41.9
Women, 16 years and over(1) 36.7 41.8
Managerial and professional specialty 39.4 42.9
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 40.8 43.2
Professional specialty 38.2 42.6
Technical, sales, and administrative
support 35.5 40.9
Technicians and related support 37.0 40.4
Sales occupations 34.7 42.5
Administrative support, including
clerical 35.7 40.3
Service occupations 33.4 41.6
Private household 28.9 43.5
Protective service 36.8 41.6
Service, except private household
and protective 33.6 41.5
Precision production, craft,
and repair 39.8 42.2
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 37.8 41.3
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 39.0 41.1
Transportation and material moving
occupations 37.3 43.4
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 35.5 40.5
(1) Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
(2) Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-28 Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Thousands of Unemployment
Marital status, race, and age persons rates
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1999 1998
Total, 16 years and over 3,125 2,932 4.2 3.9
Married, spouse present 1,030 998 2.3 2.2
Widowed, divorced, or separated 462 398 5.2 4.5
Single (never married) 1,633 1,536 7.9 7.2
White, 16 years and over 2,394 2,153 3.8 3.4
Married, spouse present 870 801 2.2 2.0
Widowed, divorced, or separated 365 291 5.0 4.0
Single (never married) 1,158 1,061 6.9 6.2
Black, 16 years and over 578 618 7.7 8.0
Married, spouse present 109 128 3.2 3.8
Widowed, divorced, or separated 77 87 6.3 6.9
Single (never married) 392 403 13.6 13.1
Total, 25 years and over 1,986 1,764 3.2 2.8
Married, spouse present 972 936 2.3 2.2
Widowed, divorced, or separated 441 369 5.1 4.3
Single (never married) 573 456 5.2 4.1
White, 25 years and over 1,562 1,301 2.9 2.4
Married, spouse present 813 754 2.1 2.0
Widowed, divorced, or separated 349 267 4.9 3.8
Single (never married) 400 279 4.6 3.2
Black, 25 years and over 330 354 5.3 5.6
Married, spouse present 109 118 3.2 3.6
Widowed, divorced, or separated 73 82 6.1 6.6
Single (never married) 148 154 8.8 8.4
Women
Thousands of Unemployment
Marital status, race, and age persons rates
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1999 1999 1998 1999
Total, 16 years and over 2,440 2,313 3.8 3.5
Married, spouse present 849 781 2.5 2.2
Widowed, divorced, or separated 611 503 4.7 3.8
Single (never married) 980 1,029 5.8 6.0
White, 16 years and over 1,755 1,628 3.3 3.0
Married, spouse present 719 631 2.4 2.1
Widowed, divorced, or separated 449 368 4.4 3.5
Single (never married) 587 629 4.7 5.0
Black, 16 years and over 565 569 6.6 6.5
Married, spouse present 84 95 3.0 3.3
Widowed, divorced, or separated 137 119 6.1 5.1
Single (never married) 344 354 9.6 9.9
Total, 25 years and over 1,708 1,570 3.2 2.9
Married, spouse present 793 716 2.4 2.1
Widowed, divorced, or separated 586 469 4.6 3.7
Single (never married) 329 385 3.9 4.5
White, 25 years and over 1,249 1,098 2.8 2.4
Married, spouse present 667 569 2.3 2.0
Widowed, divorced, or separated 430 336 4.3 3.3
Single (never married) 152 193 2.6 3.3
Black, 25 years and over 367 376 5.2 5.1
Married, spouse present 83 91 3.1 3.3
Widowed, divorced, or separated 132 117 6.0 5.1
Single (never married) 152 167 6.8 7.4
NOTE: Beginning in 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-29 Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of Unemployment
persons rates
Occupation Total Total
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
Total, 16 years and over(1) 5,565 5,245 4.0 3.7
Managerial and professional specialty 665 633 1.6 1.5
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 332 346 1.7 1.7
Professional specialty 333 287 1.6 1.3
Technical, sales, and
administrative support 1,319 1,304 3.3 3.2
Technicians and related support 92 95 2.2 2.1
Sales occupations 614 647 3.7 3.8
Administrative support, including
clerical 614 562 3.3 2.9
Service occupations 1,061 900 5.6 4.9
Private household 81 42 8.5 4.6
Protective service 56 73 2.3 3.1
Service, except private household
and protective 924 785 5.9 5.2
Precision production, craft, and 503 631 3.3 4.0
repair
Mechanics and repairers 103 147 2.1 3.0
Construction trades 278 359 4.7 5.5
Other precision production, craft,
and repair 122 125 2.9 3.0
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 1,274 1,174 6.4 6.0
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 501 453 6.0 5.8
Transportation and material moving
occupations 271 259 4.6 4.4
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 502 462 8.7 7.7
Construction laborers 137 126 14.7 10.7
Other handlers, equipment
cleaners, helpers, and laborers 365 336 7.5 6.9
Farming, forestry, and fishing 355 265 10.4 8.2
No previous work experience 381 330 - -
16 to 19 years 252 234 - -
20 to 24 years 68 38 - -
25 years and over 62 58 - -
Unemployment rates
Occupation Men Women
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
Total, 16 years and over(1) 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.5
Managerial and professional specialty 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.3
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7
Professional specialty 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.0
Technical, sales, and
administrative support 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.3
Technicians and related support 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9
Sales occupations 3.0 2.9 4.3 4.5
Administrative support, including
clerical 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.8
Service occupations 6.1 4.8 5.3 4.9
Private household (2) (2) 8.7 4.6
Protective service 1.7 2.9 5.0 4.1
Service, except private household
and protective 7.6 5.4 5.0 5.0
Precision production, craft, and 3.3 3.9 3.5 5.2
repair
Mechanics and repairers 2.1 2.9 1.1 4.0
Construction trades 4.6 5.5 6.6 8.0
Other precision production, craft,
and repair 2.8 2.3 3.5 5.0
Operators, fabricators, and laborers 6.2 5.6 7.1 6.9
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors 5.2 4.9 7.4 7.3
Transportation and material moving
occupations 4.5 4.2 5.3 5.7
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 9.1 8.0 7.0 6.5
Construction laborers 14.2 10.5 (2) (2)
Other handlers, equipment
cleaners, helpers, and laborers 7.9 7.2 6.4 6.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing 10.4 7.7 10.7 10.1
No previous work experience - - - -
16 to 19 years - - - -
20 to 24 years - - - -
25 years and over - - - -
(1) Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces
(2) Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-30 Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of Unemployment
persons rates
Industry Total Total
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
Total, 16 years and over 5,565 5,245 4.0 3.7
Nonagricultural private wage
and salary workers 4,408 4,231 4.1 3.9
Mining 31 21 5.3 3.8
Construction 459 557 6.5 7.1
Manufacturing 807 718 3.9 3.5
Durable goods 415 441 3.3 3.5
Lumber and wood products 33 37 4.2 4.9
Furniture and fixtures 23 29 3.4 4.5
Stone, clay, and glass
products 23 25 3.7 3.6
Primary metal industries 25 17 3.2 2.3
Fabricated metal products 45 60 3.3 4.9
Machinery and computing
equipment 94 78 3.7 3.1
Electrical machinery,
equipment, and supplies 41 83 2.0 4.1
Transportation equipment 69 57 2.9 2.4
Automobiles 54 35 3.8 2.3
Other transportation
equipment 16 23 1.6 2.5
Professional and
photographic equipment 28 17 3.5 2.3
Other durable goods
industries 35 38 5.5 5.5
Nondurable goods 392 277 4.8 3.5
Food and kindred products 111 53 6.4 3.1
Textile mill products 29 25 5.0 4.8
Apparel and other textile
products 84 73 9.8 8.9
Paper and allied products 10 11 1.4 1.7
Printing and publishing 57 30 3.2 1.6
Chemicals and allied
products 39 52 3.0 4.0
Rubber and miscellaneous
plastics products 54 29 5.5 3.3
Other nondurable goods
industries 9 5 3.1 1.6
Transportation and public
utilities 223 215 2.9 2.7
Transportation 168 162 3.4 3.2
Communications and other
public utilities 56 53 1.9 1.9
Wholesale and retail trade 1,330 1,273 4.8 4.6
Wholesale trade 207 159 4.1 3.2
Retail trade 1,122 1,114 5.0 4.9
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 236 180 2.9 2.2
Service industries 1,322 1,265 3.8 3.5
Professional services 529 437 2.6 2.1
Other service industries 793 828 5.7 5.7
Agricultural wage and salary
workers 234 193 12.2 9.6
Government, self-employed, and
unpaid family workers 542 490 1.8 1.7
No previous work experience 381 330 - -
Unemployment rates
Industry Men Women
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
Total, 16 years and over 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.5
Nonagricultural private wage
and salary workers 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.8
Mining 5.7 3.9 1.8 2.7
Construction 6.5 7.4 6.7 4.2
Manufacturing 3.3 2.8 5.1 4.9
Durable goods 2.8 3.0 4.5 4.9
Lumber and wood products 4.2 6.0 3.8 -
Furniture and fixtures 1.4 1.2 8.2 10.4
Stone, clay, and glass
products 4.1 3.5 2.1 4.1
Primary metal industries 3.0 2.5 4.5 1.5
Fabricated metal products 2.3 4.5 6.7 5.8
Machinery and computing
equipment 3.8 2.8 3.6 4.3
Electrical machinery,
equipment, and supplies 2.1 2.6 1.8 6.3
Transportation equipment 2.0 1.7 6.0 4.2
Automobiles 2.6 1.2 7.4 5.2
Other transportation
equipment 1.2 2.6 3.3 2.3
Professional and
photographic equipment 3.4 2.4 3.6 2.0
Other durable goods
industries 3.3 4.9 8.2 6.3
Nondurable goods 4.2 2.5 5.7 4.8
Food and kindred products 5.7 2.4 7.7 4.4
Textile mill products 4.0 2.5 6.2 8.0
Apparel and other textile
products 7.8 6.1 10.7 10.4
Paper and allied products 1.9 1.4 - 2.4
Printing and publishing 3.8 1.2 2.4 2.1
Chemicals and allied
products .8 4.0 7.3 4.0
Rubber and miscellaneous
plastics products 6.5 2.7 3.0 4.6
Other nondurable goods
industries 4.4 .8 - 3.5
Transportation and public
utilities 3.0 3.1 2.5 1.8
Transportation 3.7 3.6 2.8 2.2
Communications and other
public utilities 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.3
Wholesale and retail trade 5.1 4.0 4.5 5.2
Wholesale trade 3.9 2.6 4.3 4.4
Retail trade 5.5 4.5 4.5 5.3
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3.1 2.4 2.8 2.1
Service industries 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.1
Professional services 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.0
Other service industries 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.7
Agricultural wage and salary
workers 13.8 8.2 7.2 13.1
Government, self-employed, and
unpaid family workers 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.3
No previous work experience - - - -
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey
A-31 Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, Men,
16 years 20 years
Reason and over and over
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed 5,565 5,245 2,510 2,335
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2,849 2,451 1,643 1,376
On temporary layoff 934 859 579 494
Not on temporary layoff 1,915 1,592 1,064 882
Permanent job losers 1,382 1,073 771 567
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 533 519 294 315
Job leavers 628 718 302 361
Reentrants 1,706 1,745 525 556
New entrants 381 330 41 42
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 51.2 46.7 65.5 58.9
On temporary layoff 16.8 16.4 23.1 21.1
Not on temporary layoff 34.4 30.4 42.4 37.8
Job leavers 11.3 13.7 12.0 15.5
Reentrants 30.6 33.3 20.9 23.8
New entrants 6.9 6.3 1.6 1.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.0
Job leavers .5 .5 .4 .5
Reentrants 1.2 1.2 .7 .8
New entrants .3 .2 .1 .1
Women, Both sexes,
20 years 16 to 19
Reason and over years
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed 2,065 1,935 990 975
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 987 903 219 172
On temporary layoff 294 306 61 60
Not on temporary layoff 693 597 158 113
Permanent job losers 513 421 99 86
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 180 177 59 27
Job leavers 263 257 63 100
Reentrants 725 721 456 468
New entrants 89 53 252 234
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 47.8 46.7 22.1 17.7
On temporary layoff 14.3 15.8 6.2 6.1
Not on temporary layoff 33.6 30.9 16.0 11.6
Job leavers 12.8 13.3 6.4 10.3
Reentrants 35.1 37.3 46.0 48.0
New entrants 4.3 2.8 25.4 24.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 1.6 1.5 2.7 2.1
Job leavers .4 .4 .8 1.2
Reentrants 1.2 1.2 5.7 5.8
New entrants .1 .1 3.1 2.9
White Black
Reason
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed 4,149 3,781 1,143 1,186
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 2,228 1,846 512 490
On temporary layoff 793 725 113 97
Not on temporary layoff 1,435 1,121 399 393
Permanent job losers 1,046 768 279 248
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 389 353 121 145
Job leavers 481 574 127 120
Reentrants 1,208 1,157 402 483
New entrants 232 203 101 93
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 53.7 48.8 44.8 41.3
On temporary layoff 19.1 19.2 9.9 8.2
Not on temporary layoff 34.6 29.7 34.9 33.1
Job leavers 11.6 15.2 11.1 10.1
Reentrants 29.1 30.6 35.2 40.7
New entrants 5.6 5.4 8.9 7.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs 1.9 1.6 3.2 3.0
Job leavers .4 .5 .8 .7
Reentrants 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.9
New entrants .2 .2 .6 .6
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey
A-32. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
December 1999
Total unemployed
Thousands
Reason, sex, and age of person Percent
Total, 16 years and over 5,245 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 2,451 100.0
On temporary layoff 859 100.0
Not on temporary layoff 1,592 100.0
Permanent job losers 1,073 100.0
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 519 100.0
Job leavers 718 100.0
Reentrants 1,745 100.0
New entrants 330 100.0
Men, 20 years and over 2,335 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 1,376 100.0
On temporary layoff 494 100.0
Not on temporary layoff 882 100.0
Permanent job losers 567 100.0
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 315 100.0
Job leavers 361 100.0
Reentrants 556 100.0
New entrants 42 100.0
Women, 20 years and over 1,935 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 903 100.0
On temporary layoff 306 100.0
Not on temporary layoff 597 100.0
Permanent job losers 421 100.0
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 177 100.0
Job leavers 257 100.0
Reentrants 721 100.0
New entrants 53 100.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 975 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 172 100.0
On temporary layoff 60 100.0
Not on temporary layoff 113 100.0
Permanent job losers 86 100.0
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 27 100.0
Job leavers 100 100.0
Reentrants 468 100.0
New entrants 234 100.0
December 1999
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 to 14
Reason, sex, and age 5 weeks weeks
Total, 16 years and over 44.8 30.8
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 48.1 30.0
On temporary layoff 65.3 25.3
Not on temporary layoff 38.8 32.5
Permanent job losers 38.0 30.6
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 40.4 36.5
Job leavers 49.1 32.4
Reentrants 38.6 30.9
New entrants 43.5 32.4
Men, 20 years and over 43.7 28.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 46.6 28.2
On temporary layoff 66.5 21.6
Not on temporary layoff 35.5 31.9
Permanent job losers 31.7 31.7
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 42.1 32.2
Job leavers 47.0 30.3
Reentrants 35.1 27.4
New entrants (1) (1)
Women, 20 years and over 42.4 33.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 44.6 35.0
On temporary layoff 60.2 33.6
Not on temporary layoff 36.7 35.7
Permanent job losers 38.3 31.1
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 32.8 46.7
Job leavers 45.7 35.2
Reentrants 39.8 29.5
New entrants (1) (1)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 52.0 33.2
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 78.0 18.3
On temporary layoff (1) (1)
Not on temporary layoff 76.0 20.6
Permanent job losers 78.0 21.1
Persons who completed
temporary jobs (1) (1)
Job leavers 65.6 32.5
Reentrants 40.8 37.4
New entrants 49.3 36.1
December 1999
Duration of unemployment
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 27 weeks
Reason, sex, and age Total weeks and over
Total, 16 years and over 24.4 11.8 12.6
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 21.9 11.4 10.5
On temporary layoff 9.4 5.5 3.8
Not on temporary layoff 28.7 14.5 14.2
Permanent job losers 31.4 17.3 14.0
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 23.1 8.8 14.4
Job leavers 18.5 9.3 9.2
Reentrants 30.5 14.0 16.5
New entrants 24.1 9.3 14.8
Men, 20 years and over 28.3 13.0 15.3
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 25.2 13.3 11.9
On temporary layoff 11.9 77.0 4.2
Not on temporary layoff 32.6 16.4 16.2
Permanent job losers 36.5 21.4 15.1
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 25.6 7.5 18.1
Job leavers 22.6 9.1 13.6
Reentrants 37.5 15.1 22.4
New entrants (1) (1) (1)
Women, 20 years and over 24.6 11.8 12.8
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 20.4 9.9 10.5
On temporary layoff 6.2 2.2 4.1
Not on temporary layoff 27.6 13.8 13.8
Permanent job losers 30.6 15.2 15.4
Persons who completed
temporary jobs 20.5 10.6 9.9
Job leavers 19.2 12.5 6.6
Reentrants 30.7 13.3 17.4
New entrants (1) (1) (1)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 14.8 9.2 5.7
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs 3.7 3.7 -
On temporary layoff (1) (1) (1)
Not on temporary layoff 3.4 3.4 -
Permanent job losers .9 .9 -
Persons who completed
temporary jobs (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers 1.9 1.9 -
Reentrants 21.8 13.8 8.0
New entrants 14.7 7.0 7.7
(1) Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-33. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration
of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment
Thousands Percent
of persons distribution
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
Total, 16 years and over 5,565 5,245 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks 2,299 2,348 41.3 44.8
5 to 14 weeks 1,817 1,615 32.7 30.8
5 to 10 weeks 1,306 1,143 23.5 21.8
11 to 14 weeks 512 472 9.2 9.0
15 weeks and over 1,449 1,281 26.0 24.4
15 to 26 weeks 680 621 12.2 11.8
27 weeks and over 769 661 13.8 12.6
27 to 51 weeks 326 314 5.9 6.0
52 weeks and over 443 347 8.0 6.6
Average (mean) duration, in weeks 14.1 13.0 - -
Median duration, in weeks 6.7 5.8 - -
Full-time workers
Duration of unemployment
Thousands Percent
of persons distribution
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
Total, 16 years and over 4,452 4,210 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks 1,702 1,799 38.2 42.7
5 to 14 weeks 1,500 1,306 33.7 31.0
5 to 10 weeks 1,070 937 24.0 22.3
11 to 14 weeks 430 369 9.7 8.8
15 weeks and over 1,250 1,105 28.1 26.2
15 to 26 weeks 582 529 13.1 12.6
27 weeks and over 668 576 15.0 13.7
27 to 51 weeks 270 284 6.1 6.7
52 weeks and over 397 292 8.9 6.9
Average (mean) duration, in weeks 15.2 13.8 - -
Median duration, in weeks 7.4 6.3 - -
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
December 1999
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Less 5 to 14
Total than weeks
5 weeks
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over 5,245 2,348 1,615
16 to 19 years 975 507 323
20 to 24 years 936 527 231
25 to 34 years 1,096 462 339
35 to 44 years 1,022 412 335
45 to 54 years 780 271 259
55 to 64 years 333 115 99
65 years and over 103 55 30
Men, 16 years and over 2,932 1,333 862
16 to 19 years 597 312 208
20 to 24 years 571 305 136
25 to 34 years 527 231 170
35 to 44 years 538 219 165
45 to 54 years 458 180 126
55 to 64 years 177 55 39
65 years and over 63 31 17
Women, 16 years and over 2,313 1,016 753
16 to 19 years 378 195 115
20 to 24 years 365 222 95
25 to 34 years 568 231 169
35 to 44 years 483 193 170
45 to 54 years 322 90 132
55 to 64 years 156 60 60
65 years and over 40 23 13
Race
White, 16 years and over 3,781 1,800 1,151
Men 2,153 1,043 611
Women 1,628 756 539
Black, 16 years and over 1,186 413 378
Men 618 213 197
Women 569 200 182
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 998 427 298
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 398 162 116
Single (never married) 1,536 744 447
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 781 338 264
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 503 187 178
Single (never married) 1,029 492 311
December 1999
Sex, age, race, and Thousands of persons
marital status
15 weeks and over
Total 15 to 26 27 weeks
weeks and over
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over 1,281 621 661
16 to 19 years 145 89 56
20 to 24 years 178 101 77
25 to 34 years 295 139 156
35 to 44 years 275 133 142
45 to 54 years 251 113 138
55 to 64 years 119 39 79
65 years and over 19 7 12
Men, 16 years and over 738 350 388
16 to 19 years 77 47 31
20 to 24 years 131 67 64
25 to 34 years 127 51 76
35 to 44 years 154 82 73
45 to 54 years 151 74 76
55 to 64 years 83 25 58
65 years and over 15 6 9
Women, 16 years and over 544 271 273
16 to 19 years 68 43 25
20 to 24 years 47 34 13
25 to 34 years 168 88 80
35 to 44 years 121 51 69
45 to 54 years 100 39 61
55 to 64 years 36 15 21
65 years and over 4 1 3
Race
White, 16 years and over 830 429 402
Men 498 247 251
Women 332 182 150
Black, 16 years and over 395 164 231
Men 208 88 120
Women 188 76 112
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 273 118 156
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 119 65 54
Single (never married) 345 168 178
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 180 70 110
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 138 77 61
Single (never married) 226 124 101
December 1999
Weeks
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Average Median
(mean) duration
duration
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over 13.0 5.8
16 to 19 years 8.8 4.3
20 to 24 years 10.0 4.0
25 to 34 years 13.6 6.6
35 to 44 years 14.7 7.3
45 to 54 years 16.8 7.2
55 to 64 years 18.5 8.9
65 years and over 12.8 4.2
Men, 16 years and over 13.3 5.7
16 to 19 years 8.0 4.3
20 to 24 years 12.0 4.2
25 to 34 years 13.3 6.4
35 to 44 years 14.9 7.8
45 to 54 years 16.4 6.3
55 to 64 years 22.1 10.7
65 years and over (1) (1)
Women, 16 years and over 12.7 5.8
16 to 19 years 10.0 4.3
20 to 24 years 6.8 3.4
25 to 34 years 13.8 6.9
35 to 44 years 14.5 6.7
45 to 54 years 17.4 8.3
55 to 64 years 14.4 7.1
65 years and over (1) (1)
Race
White, 16 years and over 11.6 5.0
Men 12.2 4.9
Women 10.8 5.1
Black, 16 years and over 17.9 9.3
Men 17.2 9.3
Women 18.6 9.3
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 15.1 6.3
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 13.4 6.8
Single (never married) 12.2 4.9
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present 12.9 5.6
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 13.8 7.7
Single (never married) 12.0 5.1
(1) Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-35. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
December 1999
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Less
Total than 5 to 14
5 weeks weeks
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional
specialty 633 220 207
Technical, sales, and
administrative support 1,304 616 394
Service occupations 900 394 292
Precision production,
craft, and repair 631 314 180
Operators, fabricators,
and laborers 1,174 542 322
Farming, forestry, and
fishing 265 117 108
INDUSTRY(1)
Agriculture 193 95 69
Construction 567 300 130
Manufacturing 718 309 215
Durable goods 441 201 123
Nondurable goods 277 108 91
Transportation and public
utilities 241 99 67
Wholesale and retail trade 1,277 618 408
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 187 70 52
Services 1,428 603 467
Public administration 119 35 42
No previous work experience 330 143 107
December 1999
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry 15 weeks and over
Total 15 to 26 27 weeks
weeks and over
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional
specialty 206 94 112
Technical, sales, and
administrative support 294 151 143
Service occupations 214 105 109
Precision production,
craft, and repair 136 58 78
Operators, fabricators,
and laborers 310 161 150
Farming, forestry, and
fishing 41 21 19
INDUSTRY(1)
Agriculture 29 15 14
Construction 137 64 73
Manufacturing 194 98 96
Durable goods 116 54 62
Nondurable goods 77 44 34
Transportation and public
utilities 75 28 47
Wholesale and retail trade 251 141 110
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 66 33 33
Services 357 169 188
Public administration 42 19 23
No previous work experience 79 31 49
December 1999
Weeks
Occupation and industry
Average
(mean) Median
duration duration
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional
specialty 16.3 8.0
Technical, sales, and
administrative support 11.8 5.4
Service occupations 14.0 5.6
Precision production,
craft, and repair 12.4 4.6
Operators, fabricators,
and laborers 12.5 5.9
Farming, forestry, and
fishing 9.8 5.3
INDUSTRY(1)
Agriculture 8.7 4.6
Construction 12.1 4.3
Manufacturing 14.4 6.6
Durable goods 14.2 6.0
Nondurable goods 14.9 7.3
Transportation and public
utilities 15.1 6.9
Wholesale and retail trade 10.4 4.9
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 16.0 8.5
Services 14.0 6.1
Public administration 17.8 9.6
No previous work experience 14.8 5.7
(1) Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Category
Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total not in the labor force 67,973 68,891
Do not want a job
now(1) 63,786 64,847
Want a job(1) 4,187 4,045
Did not search for work
in previous year(2) 2,463 2,325
Searched for work in
previous year 1,724 1,720
Not available to work mow 527 579
Available to work now 1,196 1,142
Reason not currently
looking:
Discouragement over
job prospects(3) 358 267
Reasons other that;
discouragement 838 874
Family responsibilities 76 93
In school or training 194 199
Ill health or
disability 87 117
Other(4) 481 465
Age
Category 16 to 24
years
Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total not in the labor force 12,031 12,159
Do not want a job
now(1) 10,529 10,718
Want a job(1) 1,502 1,442
Did not search for work
in previous year(2) 811 761
Searched for work in
previous year 692 681
Not available to work mow 273 253
Available to work now 419 428
Reason not currently
looking:
Discouragement over
job prospects(3) 107 81
Reasons other that;
discouragement 312 347
Family responsibilities 18 14
In school or training 159 175
Ill health or
disability 5 20
Other(4) 130 138
Age
Category 25 to 54
years
Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total not in the labor force 18,521 18,846
Do not want a job
now(1) 16,638 17,022
Want a job(1) 1,883 1,824
Did not search for work
in previous year(2) 1,058 981
Searched for work in
previous year 825 843
Not available to work mow 220 279
Available to work now 605 564
Reason not currently
looking:
Discouragement over
job prospects(3) 187 157
Reasons other that;
discouragement 419 406
Family responsibilities 55 72
In school or training 23 24
Ill health or
disability 64 70
Other(4) 277 241
Age
55 years
Category and over
Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total not in the labor force 37,421 37,886
Do not want a job
now(1) 36,619 37,107
Want a job(1) 802 779
Did not search for work
in previous year(2) 595 582
Searched for work in
previous year 207 197
Not available to work mow 35 47
Available to work now 172 150
Reason not currently
looking:
Discouragement over
job prospects(3) 64 29
Reasons other that;
discouragement 108 121
Family responsibilities 3 7
In school or training 11 --
Ill health or
disability 18 27
Other(4) 75 87
Sex
Category Men
Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total not in the labor force 25,254 25,632
Do not want a job
now(1) 23,492 23,896
Want a job(1) 1,762 1,736
Did not search for work
in previous year(2) 1,032 947
Searched for work in
previous year 730 789
Not available to work mow 182 232
Available to work now 548 557
Reason not currently
looking:
Discouragement over
job prospects(3) 214 162
Reasons other that;
discouragement 334 395
Family responsibilities 7 22
In school or training 83 111
Ill health or
disability 34 30
Other(4) 210 231
Sex
Women
Category
Dec. Dec.
1998 1999
Total not in the labor force 42,719 43,259
Do not want a job
now(1) 40,293 40,951
Want a job(1) 2,425 2,309
Did not search for work
in previous year(2) 1,432 1,377
Searched for work in
previous year 994 931
Not available to work mow 345 346
Available to work now 649 585
Reason not currently
looking:
Discouragement over
job prospects(3) 145 106
Reasons other that;
discouragement 504 479
Family responsibilities 70 70
In school or training 110 88
Ill health or
disability 52 87
Other(4) 271 234
(1) Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
(2) Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since the end of that job.
(3) Includes believes nc work available, could not find work, lacks necessary schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(4) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Number Rate(1)
Characteristic
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
AGE
Total, 16 years and
over(2) 8,220 8,037 6.2 6.0
16 to 19 years 324 347 4.6 4.9
20 years and over 7,896 7,689 6.3 6.0
20 to 24 years 770 788 6.1 6.0
25 years and over 7,125 6,901 6.3 6.0
25 to 54 years 6,281 6,043 6.5 6.2
55 years and over 844 858 5.0 4.9
55 to 64 years 720 723 5.5 5.3
65 years and over 125 135 3.2 3.4
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White 7,003 6,837 6.3 6.0
Black 956 903 6.4 5.9
Hispanic origin 543 491 4.1 3.5
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present 4,488 4,475 5.8 5.8
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 1,434 1,373 6.9 6.5
Single (never married) 2,298 2,188 6.6 6.1
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time,
secondary job part time 4,561 4,411 -- --
Primary and secondary
jobs both part time 1,778 1,759 -- --
Primary and secondary
jobs both full time 233 343 -- --
Hours vary on primary
or secondary job 1,613 1,495 -- --
Men
Number Rate(1)
Characteristic
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
AGE
Total, 16 years and
over(2) 4,163 4,026 5.9 5.6
16 to 19 years 138 128 4.0 3.6
20 years and over 4,025 3,899 6.0 5.7
20 to 24 years 338 336 5.1 4.9
25 years and over 3,687 3,563 6.1 5.8
25 to 54 years 3,244 3,104 6.3 6.0
55 years and over 442 458 4.7 4.7
55 to 64 years 357 364 5.0 4.9
65 years and over 85 94 3.8 4.1
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White 3,567 3,448 5.9 5.6
Black 478 431 6.9 6.1
Hispanic origin 303 265 3.8 3.2
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present 2,623 2,544 6.0 5.8
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 467 442 5.5 5.2
Single (never married) 1,073 1,040 5.6 5.3
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time,
secondary job part time 2,574 2,479 -- --
Primary and secondary
jobs both part time 522 507 -- --
Primary and secondary
jobs both full time 149 231 -- --
Hours vary on primary
or secondary job 898 797 -- --
Women
Number Rate(1)
Characteristic
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
AGE
Total, 16 years and
over(2) 4,057 4,011 6.6 6.4
16 to 19 years 186 220 5.3 6.3
20 years and over 3,871 3,791 6.6 6.4
20 to 24 years 432 452 7.3 7.3
25 years and over 3,439 3,338 6.6 6.3
25 to 54 years 3,037 2,939 6.8 6.5
55 years and over 402 400 5.3 5.1
55 to 64 years 363 359 6.0 5.8
65 years and over 39 41 2.4 2.4
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White 3,436 3,389 6.7 6.5
Black 477 473 5.9 5.8
Hispanic origin 240 226 4.5 3.8
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present 1,865 1,932 5.6 5.6
Widowed, divorced, or
separated 967 930 7.8 7.3
Single (never married) 1,225 1,148 7.7 7.1
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time,
secondary job part time 1,988 1,932 -- --
Primary and secondary
jobs both part time 1,255 1,252 -- --
Primary and secondary
jobs both full time 84 112 -- --
Hours vary on primary
or secondary job 715 698 -- --
(1) Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified group,
(2) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian Civil
noninstitutional labor
population force
Total
Veteran status
and age Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over 7,774 7,734 6,446
40 to 54 years 5,756 5,251 5,094
40 to 44 years 610 424 542
45 to 49 years 2,054 1,718 1,852
50 to 54 years 3,092 3,109 2,700
55 years and over 2,018 2,483 1,353
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years 20,690 21,762 18,736
40 to 44 years 9,344 9,453 8,614
45 to 49 years 7,006 7,559 6,374
50 to 54 years 4,339 4,751 3,749
Civil labor force
Total Employed
Veteran status
and age Dec. Dec. Dec.
1999 1998 1999
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over 6,295 6,293 6,133
40 to 54 years 4,653 4,967 4,517
40 to 44 years 378 517 368
45 to 49 years 1,525 1,807 1,481
50 to 54 years 2,750 2,643 2,668
55 years and over 1,642 1,325 1,616
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years 19,733 18,213 19,182
40 to 44 years 8,743 8,382 8,515
45 to 49 years 6,822 6,168 6,617
50 to 54 years 4,167 3,663 4,050
Civil labor force
Unemployed
Percent of
Number labor force
Veteran status
and age Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
1998 1999 1998 1999
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over 153 161 2.4 2.6
40 to 54 years 126 136 2.5 2.9
40 to 44 years 24 10 4.4 2.6
45 to 49 years 46 43 2.5 2.8
50 to 54 years 57 82 2.1 3.0
55 years and over 27 26 2.0 1.6
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years 523 551 2.8 2.8
40 to 44 years 231 228 2.7 2.6
45 to 49 years 206 205 3.2 3.0
50 to 54 years 86 118 2.3 2.8
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
(in thousands)
Year Goods producing
and Total Total
month private Total Mining
Annual averages
1948 44,866 39,216 18,774 994
1949 43,754 37,897 17,565 930
1950 45,197 39,170 18,506 901
1951 47,819 41,430 19,959 929
1952 48,793 42,185 20,198 898
1953 50,202 43,558 21,074 866
1954 48,990 42,238 19,751 791
1955 50,641 43,727 20,513 792
1956 52,369 45,091 21,104 822
1957 52,855 45,239 20,967 828
1958 51,322 43,483 19,513 751
1959(2) 53,270 45,186 20,411 732
1960 54,189 45,836 20,434 712
1961 53,999 45,404 19,857 672
1962 55,549 46,660 20,451 650
1963 56,653 47,429 20,640 635
1964 58,283 48,686 21,005 634
1965 60,763 50,689 21,926 632
1966 63,901 53,116 23,158 627
1967 65,803 54,413 23,308 613
1968 67,897 56,058 23,737 606
1969 70,384 58,189 24,361 619
1970 70,880 58,325 23,578 623
1971 71,211 58,331 22,935 609
1972 73,675 60,341 23,668 628
1973 76,790 63,058 24,893 642
1974 78,265 64,095 24,794 697
1975 76,945 62,259 22,600 752
1976 79,382 64,511 23,352 779
1977 82,471 67,344 24,346 813
1978 86,697 71,026 25,585 851
1979 89,823 73,876 26,461 958
1980 90,406 74,166 25,658 1,027
1981 91,152 75,121 25,497 1,139
1982 89,544 73,707 23,812 1,128
1983 90,152 74,282 23,330 952
1984 94,408 78,384 24,718 966
1985 97,387 80,992 24,642 927
1986 99,344 82,651 24,533 777
1987 1,958 84,948 24,674 717
1988 5,209 87,823 25,125 713
1989 7,864 90,105 25,254 692
1990 109,403 91,098 24,905 709
1991 108,249 89,647 23,745 689
1992 108,601 89,956 23,231 635
1993 110,713 91,872 23,352 610
1994 114,163 95,036 23,908 601
1995 117,191 97,885 24,265 581
1996 119,608 100,189 24,493 580
1997 122,690 103,133 24,962 596
1998 125,826 106,007 25,347 590
1999(p) 128,610 108,450 25,240 535
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1998
December 127,186 107,213 25,354 570
1999:
January 127,378 107,386 25,315 560
February 127,730 107,676 25,329 553
March 127,813 107,726 25,285 550
April 128,134 108,035 25,288 538
May 128,162 108,085 25,199 531
June 128,443 108,338 25,180 526
July 128,816 108,663 25,247 528
August 128,945 108,735 25,148 524
September 129,048 108,830 25,186 527
October 129,332 109,095 25,198 528
November(p) 129,554 109,296 25,260 527
December(p) 129,869 109,547 25,277 529
Goods producing Service-producing
Transpor-
tation
and
Year public
and Construc- Manufac- Total utilities
month tion turing
Annual averages
1948 2,198 15,582 26,092 4,189
1949 2,194 14,441 26,189 4,001
1950 2,364 15,241 26,691 4,034
1951 2,637 16,393 27,860 4,226
1952 2,668 16,632 28,595 4,248
1953 2,659 17,549 29,128 4,290
1954 2,646 16,314 29,239 4,064
1955 2,839 16,882 30,128 4,141
1956 3,039 17,243 31,264 4,244
1957 2,962 17,176 31,889 4,241
1958 2,817 15,945 31,811 3,976
1959(2) 3,004 16,675 32,857 4,011
1960 2,926 16,796 33,755 4,004
1961 2,859 16,326 34,142 3,903
1962 2,948 16,853 35,098 3,906
1963 3,010 16,995 36,013 3,903
1964 3,097 17,274 37,278 3,951
1965 3,232 18,062 38,839 4,036
1966 3,317 19,214 40,743 4,158
1967 3,248 19,447 42,495 4,268
1968 3,350 19,781 44,158 4,318
1969 3,575 20,167 46,023 4,442
1970 3,588 19,367 47,302 4,515
1971 3,704 18,623 48,276 4,478
1972 3,889 19,151 50,007 4,541
1973 4,097 20,154 51,897 4,656
1974 4,020 20,077 53,471 4,725
1975 3,525 18,323 54,345 4,542
1976 3,576 18,997 56,030 4,582
1977 3,851 19,682 58,125 4,713
1978 4,229 20,505 61,113 4,923
1979 4,463 21,040 63,363 5,136
1980 4,346 20,285 64,748 5,146
1981 4,188 20,170 65,655 5,165
1982 3,904 18,780 65,732 5,081
1983 3,946 18,432 66,821 4,952
1984 4,380 19,372 69,690 5,156
1985 4,668 19,248 72,544 5,233
1986 4,810 18,947 74,811 5,247
1987 4,958 18,999 77,284 5,362
1988 5,098 19,314 80,084 5,512
1989 5,171 19,391 82,630 5,614
1990 5,120 19,076 84,497 5,777
1991 4,650 18,406 64,504 5,755
1992 4,492 18,104 85,370 5,718
1993 4,668 18,075 87,361 5,811
1994 4,986 18,321 90,256 5,984
1995 5,160 18,524 92,925 6,132
1996 5,418 18,495 95,115 6,253
1997 5,691 18,675 97,727 6,408
1998 5,985 18,772 100,480 6,600
1999(p) 6,273 18,432 103,370 6,791
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1998
December 6,173 18,611 101,832 6,684
1999:
January 6,170 18,585 102,063 6,708
February 6,238 18,538 102,401 6,723
March 6,232 18,503 102,528 6,732
April 6,277 18,473 102,646 6,750
May 6,239 18,429 102,963 6,758
June 6,258 18,396 103,263 6,781
July 6,270 18,449 103,569 6,799
August 6,246 18,378 103,797 6,813
September 6,293 18,366 103,862 6,831
October 6,314 18,356 1,104,134 6,841
November(p) 6,369 18,364 104,294 6,860
December(p) 6,385 18,363 104,592 6,892
Service-producing
Finance,
Whole- insurance,
Year sale and
and trade Retail real
month trade estate Services
Annual averages
1948 2,612 6,659 1,800 5,181
1949 2,610 6,664 1,828 5,239
1950 2,643 6,743 1,888 5,356
1951 2,735 7,007 1,956 5,547
1952 2,821 7,164 2,035 5,699
1953 2,862 7,385 2,111 5,835
1954 2,875 7,360 2,200 5,969
1955 2,934 7,601 2,298 6,240
1956 3,027 7,831 2,389 6,497
1957 3,037 7,848 2,438 6,708
1958 2,989 7,761 2,481 6,765
1959(2) 3,092 8,035 2,549 7,087
1960 3,153 8,238 2,628 7,378
1961 3,142 8,195 2,688 7,619
1962 3,207 8,359 2,754 7,982
1963 3,258 8,520 2,830 8,277
1964 3,347 8,812 2,911 8,660
1965 3,477 9,239 2,977 9,036
1966 3,608 9,837 3,058 9,498
1967 3,700 9,906 3,185 10,045
1968 3,791 10,308 3,337 10,567
1969 3,919 10,785 3,512 11,169
1970 4,006 11,034 3,645 11,548
1971 4,014 11,338 3,772 11,797
1972 4,127 11,822 3,908 12,276
1973 4,291 12,315 4,046 12,857
1974 4,447 12,539 4,148 13,441
1975 4,430 12,630 4,165 13,892
1976 4,562 13,193 4,271 14,551
1977 4,723 13,792 4,467 15,302
1978 4,985 14,556 4,724 16,252
1979 5,221 14,972 4,975 17,112
1980 5,292 15,018 5,160 17,890
1981 5,375 15,171 5,298 18,615
1982 5,295 15,158 5,340 19,021
1983 5,283 15,587 5,466 19,664
1984 5,568 16,512 5,684 20,748
1985 5,727 17,315 5,948 21,927
1986 5,761 17,880 6,273 22,957
1987 5,848 18,422 6,533 24,110
1988 6,030 19,023 6,630 25,504
1989 6,187 19,475 6,668 26,907
1990 6,173 19,601 6,709 27,934
1991 6,081 19,284 6,646 28,336
1992 5,997 19,356 6,602 29,052
1993 5,981 19,773 6,757 30,197
1994 6,162 20,507 6,896 31,579
1995 6,378 21,187 6,806 33,117
1996 6,482 21,597 6,911 34,454
1997 6,648 21,966 7,109 36,040
1998 6,831 22,296 7,407 37,526
1999(P) 7,003 22,784 7,633 38,999
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1998
December 6,901 22,525 7,542 38,207
1999:
January 6,924 22,556 7,570 38,313
February 6,937 22,648 7,581 38,458
March 6,947 22,611 7,595 38,556
April 6,965 22,724 7,611 38,697
May 6,977 22,748 7,621 38,782
June 6,993 22,796 7,636 38,952
July 7,012 22,903 7,647 39,055
August 7,031 22,888 7,650 39,205
September 7,041 22,862 7,653 39,257
October 7,064 22,891 7,668 39,433
November(D) 7,066 22,887 7,678 39,545
December(D) 7,082 22,952 7,690 39,654
Service-producing
Government
Year
and
month Federal State Local
Annual averages
1948 1,863 (1) (1)
1949 1,908 (1) (1)
1950 1,928 (1) (1)
1951 2,302 (1) (1)
1952 2,420 (1) (1)
1953 2,305 (1) (1)
1954 2,188 (1) (1)
1955 2,187 1,168 3,558
1956 2,209 1,250 3,819
1957 2,217 1,328 4,071
1958 2,191 1,415 4,232
1959(2) 2,233 1,484 4,366
1960 2,270 1,536 4,547
1961 2,279 1,607 4,708
1962 2,340 1,668 4,881
1963 2,358 1,747 5,121
1964 2,348 1,856 5,392
1965 2,378 1,996 5,700
1966 2,564 2,141 6,080
1967 2,719 2,302 8,371
1968 2,737 2,442 6,660
1969 2,758 2.533 6,904
1970 2,731 2,664 7,158
1971 2,696 2,747 7,437
1972 2,684 2,859 7,790
1973 2,663 2,923 8,146
1974 2,724 3,039 8,407
1975 2,748 3,179 8,758
1976 2,733 3,273 8,865
1977 2,727 3,377 9,023
1978 2,753 3,474 9,446
1979 2,773 3,541 9,633
1980 2,866 3,610 9,765
1981 2,772 3.640 9,619
1982 2,739 3,640 9,458
1983 2,774 3,662 9,434
1984 2,807 3,734 9,482
1985 2,875 3,832 9,687
1986 2,899 3,893 9,901
1987 2,945 3,967 10,100
1988 2,971 4,076 10,339
1989 2,988 4,182 10,609
1990 3,085 4,305 10,914
1991 2,966 4,355 11,081
1992 2,969 4,408 11,267
1993 2,915 4,488 11,438
1994 2,870 4,576 11,682
1995 2,822 4,635 11,649
1996 2,757 4,606 12,056
1997 2,699 4,582 12,276
1998 2,686 4,612 12,521
1999(P) 2,669 4,695 12,795
Monthly data, seasonably adjusted
1998
December 2,701 4,652 12,620
1999:
January 2,702 4,644 12,646
February 2,713 4,670 12,671
March 2,710 4,680 12,697
April 2,688 4,688 12,723
May 2,666 4,677 12,734
June 2,664 4,675 12,766
July 2,656 4,682 12,815
August 2,651 4,706 12,853
September 2,654 4,717 12,847
October 2,643 4,722 12,872
November(D) 2,646 4,725 12,887
December(D) 2,652 4,735 12,935
(1) Not available.
(2) Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark month.
P = preliminary
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1995) are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
[TABULAR DATA B-2 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
[TABULAR DATA B-3 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998
Industry
Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total 61,221 61,315 61,464
Total private 50,074 50,160 50,275
Goods-producing 6,700 6,680 6,675
Mining 83 82 82
Construction 674 677 679
Manufacturing 5,943 5,921 5,914
Durable goods 2,956 2,943 2,939
Lumber and wood products 145 146 147
Furniture and fixtures 168 168 169
Stone, clay, and
glass products 105 105 104
Primary metal industries 105 104 103
Fabricated metal products 338 337 337
Industrial machinery
and equipment 475 472 472
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 689 684 682
Transportation equipment 408 406 405
Instruments and
related products (1) (1) (1)
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 169 169 169
Nondurable goods 2,987 2,978 2,975
Food and kindred products 551 555 558
Tobacco products 13 13 13
Textile mill products 274 271 270
Apparel and other
textile products 536 529 525
Paper and allied products 162 161 161
Printing and publishing 705 703 702
Chemicals and allied
products 335 335 335
Petroleum and coal
products 24 24 24
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 345 345 345
Leather and leather
products 42 42 42
Service-producing 54,521 54,635 54,789
Transportation and
public utilities 2,016 2,015 2,025
Wholesale trade 2,110 2,115 2,118
Retail trade 11,804 11,813 11,842
Finance, Insurance,
and real estate 4,697 4,712 4,726
Services 22,747 22,825 22,889
Government 11,147 11,155 11,189
Federal 1,148 1,151 1,141
State 2,382 2,385 2,394
Local 7,617 7,619 7,654
1999
Industry
Jan. Feb. Mar.
Total 61,599 61,767 61,852
Total private 50,394 50,524 50,591
Goods-producing 6,674 6,658 6,647
Mining 82 82 82
Construction 682 687 689
Manufacturing 5,910 5,889 5,876
Durable goods 2,936 2,930 2,924
Lumber and wood products 147 148 149
Furniture and fixtures 169 170 169
Stone, clay, and
glass products 104 104 104
Primary metal industries 103 102 102
Fabricated metal products 338 338 336
Industrial machinery
and equipment 467 466 464
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 679 677 675
Transportation equipment 408 405 407
Instruments and
related products (1) (1) (1)
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 169 168 168
Nondurable goods 2,974 2,959 2,952
Food and kindred products 560 557 557
Tobacco products 13 13 12
Textile mill products 269 267 266
Apparel and other
textile products 521 513 508
Paper and allied products 161 161 161
Printing and publishing 702 701 701
Chemicals and allied
products 335 335 336
Petroleum and coal
products 24 25 25
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 348 346 346
Leather and leather
products 41 41 40
Service-producing 54,925 55,109 55,205
Transportation and
public utilities 2,032 2,048 2,049
Wholesale trade 2,121 2,127 2,132
Retail trade 11,874 11,923 11,937
Finance, Insurance,
and real estate 4,743 4,751 4,753
Services 22,950 23,017 23,073
Government 11,205 11,243 11,261
Federal 1,141 1,148 1,149
State 2,390 2,403 2,407
Local 7,674 7,692 7,705
1999
Industry
Apr. May June
Total 62,008 62,035 62,227
Total private 50,734 50,771 50,916
Goods-producing 6,643 6,630 6,632
Mining 79 78 78
Construction 695 695 700
Manufacturing 5,869 5,857 5,854
Durable goods 2,926 2,922 2,927
Lumber and wood products 148 149 149
Furniture and fixtures 170 171 171
Stone, clay, and
glass products 103 102 103
Primary metal industries 101 101 101
Fabricated metal products 339 339 339
Industrial machinery
and equipment 464 464 466
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 676 675 675
Transportation equipment 405 404 404
Instruments and
related products (1) (1) (1)
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 169 168 169
Nondurable goods 2,943 2,935 2,927
Food and kindred products 554 556 555
Tobacco products 12 12 12
Textile mill products 263 261 259
Apparel and other
textile products 503 498 494
Paper and allied products 161 160 160
Printing and publishing 700 698 699
Chemicals and allied
products 336 337 336
Petroleum and coal
products 25 25 24
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 349 349 348
Leather and leather
products 40 39 40
Service-producing 55,365 55,405 55,595
Transportation and
public utilities 2,054 2,059 2,073
Wholesale trade 2,140 2,140 2,148
Retail trade 11,974 11,998 12,008
Finance, Insurance,
and real estate 4,752 4,753 4,769
Services 23,171 23,191 23,286
Government 11,274 11,264 11,311
Federal 1,133 1,124 1,126
State 2,414 2,413 2,415
Local 7,727 7,727 7,770
1999
Industry
July Aug. Sept. Oct.
Total 62,409 62,466 62,552 62,645
Total private 51,075 51,094 51,154 51,245
Goods-producing 6,640 6,617 6,612 6,610
Mining 78 76 76 75
Construction 701 704 705 708
Manufacturing 5,861 5,837 5,831 5,827
Durable goods 2,944 2,928 2,924 2,925
Lumber and wood products 150 150 150 151
Furniture and fixtures 175 174 173 175
Stone, clay, and
glass products 104 102 102 101
Primary metal industries 100 100 100 100
Fabricated metal products 342 338 338 338
Industrial machinery
and equipment 466 465 465 465
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 680 676 676 676
Transportation equipment 408 406 403 403
Instruments and
related products (1) (1) (1) (1)
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 170 169 170 170
Nondurable goods 2,917 2,909 2,907 2,902
Food and kindred products 552 550 551 553
Tobacco products 13 11 12 12
Textile mill products 259 258 256 254
Apparel and other
textile products 488 481 479 475
Paper and allied products 160 160 161 160
Printing and publishing 700 700 700 699
Chemicals and allied
products 334 335 337 337
Petroleum and coal
products 24 24 24 24
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 349 351 349 350
Leather and leather
products 38 39 38 38
Service-producing 55,769 55,849 55,940 56,035
Transportation and
public utilities 2,072 2,087 2,094 2,099
Wholesale trade 2,153 2,159 2,164 2,170
Retail trade 12,070 12,031 12,014 11,999
Finance, Insurance,
and real estate 4,775 4,786 4,790 4,796
Services 23,365 23,414 23,480 23,571
Government 11,334 11,372 11,398 11,400
Federal 1,125 1,124 1,129 1,125
State 2,411 2,420 2,431 2,434
Local 7,798 7,828 7,838 7,841
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5 Production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998 1999
Industry
Dec. Jan. Feb.
Total private 87,702 87,855 88,077
Goods-producing 18,014 17,988 17,976
Mining 432 423 416
Construction 4,787 4,792 4,830
Manufacturing 12,795 12,773 12,730
Durable goods 7,568 7,548 7,529
Lumber and wood products 675 678 679
Furniture and fixtures 426 426 426
Stone, clay, and glass products 446 445 446
Primary metal industries 546 543 542
Fabricated metal products 1,123 1,126 1,121
Industrial machinery and equipment 1,369 1,357 1,355
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1,040 1,037 1,031
Transportation equipment 1,247 1,243 1,236
Motor vehicles and equipment 755 753 749
Instruments and related products (2) (2) (2)
Miscellaneous manufacturing 269 267 267
Nondurable goods 5,227 5,225 5,201
Food and kindred products 1,261 1,266 1,264
Tobacco products 31 31 30
Textile mill products 492 490 486
Apparel and other textile products 579 574 564
Paper and allied products 506 505 503
Printing and publishing 836 837 835
Chemicals and allied products 586 584 583
Petroleum and coal products 94 93 93
Rubber and misc. plastics products 784 788 786
Leather and leather products 58 57 57
Service-producing 69,688 69,867 70,101
Transportation and public utilities 5,561 5,579 5,592
Wholesale trade 5,534 5,551 5,565
Retail trade 19,750 19,798 19,888
Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,542 5,565 5,569
Services 33,301 33,374 33,487
1999
Industry
Mar. Apr. May
Total private 88,170 88,358 88,428
Goods-producing 17,963 17,926 17,872
Mining 413 403 398
Construction 4,836 4,827 4,812
Manufacturing 12,714 12,696 12,662
Durable goods 7,527 7,519 7,504
Lumber and wood products 679 677 676
Furniture and fixtures 427 427 428
Stone, clay, and glass products 445 446 446
Primary metal industries 541 539 538
Fabricated metal products 1,119 1,119 1,118
Industrial machinery and equipment 1,351 1,347 1,346
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1,035 1,037 1,033
Transportation equipment 1,239 1,232 1,226
Motor vehicles and equipment 754 757 758
Instruments and related products (2) (2) (2)
Miscellaneous manufacturing 267 269 268
Nondurable goods 5,187 5,177 5,158
Food and kindred products 1,264 1,259 1,258
Tobacco products 29 29 28
Textile mill products 483 479 476
Apparel and other textile products 560 558 553
Paper and allied products 502 502 501
Printing and publishing 833 829 827
Chemicals and allied products 582 583 582
Petroleum and coal products 92 92 90
Rubber and misc. plastics products 786 790 788
Leather and leather products 56 56 55
Service-producing 70,207 70,432 70,556
Transportation and public utilities 5,595 5,600 5,602
Wholesale trade 5,579 5,592 5,600
Retail trade 19,888 19,976 20,009
Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,571 5,580 5,583
Services 33,574 33,684 33,762
Industry 1999
June July Aug.
Total private 88,613 88,882 88,908
Goods-producing 17,849 17,920 17,826
Mining 396 396 395
Construction 4,830 4,833 4,809
Manufacturing 12,623 12,691 12,622
Durable goods 7,487 7,549 7,513
Lumber and wood products 676 678 676
Furniture and fixtures 429 435 434
Stone, clay, and glass products 445 448 443
Primary metal industries 535 540 537
Fabricated metal products 1,115 1,125 1,115
Industrial machinery and equipment 1,343 1,347 1,335
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1,030 1,045 1,038
Transportation equipment 1,222 1,237 1,243
Motor vehicles and equipment 757 775 779
Instruments and related products (2) (2) (2)
Miscellaneous manufacturing 268 268 268
Nondurable goods 5,136 5,142 5,109
Food and kindred products 1,252 1,258 1,240
Tobacco products 29 29 25
Textile mill products 473 474 471
Apparel and other textile products 546 539 535
Paper and allied products 500 500 497
Printing and publishing 827 826 826
Chemicals and allied products 580 580 578
Petroleum and coal products 89 91 90
Rubber and misc. plastics products 785 792 793
Leather and leather products 55 53 54
Service-producing 7,076 70,962 71,082
Transportation and public utilities 5,620 5,624 5,634
Wholesale trade 5,610 5,620 5,631
Retail trade 20,055 20,164 20,145
Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,591 5,600 5,596
Services 33,888 33,954 34,076
1999
Industry
Sept. Oct. Nov.(p)
Total private 89,044 89,262 89,402
Goods-producing 17,871 17,888 17,944
Mining 398 402 400
Construction 4,856 4,878 4,928
Manufacturing 12,617 12,608 12,616
Durable goods 7,496 7,489 7,494
Lumber and wood products 677 679 679
Furniture and fixtures 433 435 433
Stone, clay, and glass products 444 443 445
Primary metal industries 536 535 537
Fabricated metal products 1,116 1,117 1,118
Industrial machinery and equipment 1,333 1,331 1,333
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1,035 1,035 1,035
Transportation equipment 1,231 1,222 1,222
Motor vehicles and equipment 770 765 767
Instruments and related products (2) (2) (2)
Miscellaneous manufacturing 269 269 269
Nondurable goods 5,121 5,119 5,122
Food and kindred products 1,253 1,254 1,259
Tobacco products 27 27 27
Textile mill products 469 466 467
Apparel and other textile products 532 528 527
Paper and allied products 498 496 497
Printing and publishing 826 827 824
Chemicals and allied products 582 584 585
Petroleum and coal products 90 90 89
Rubber and misc. plastics products 790 794 794
Leather and leather products 54 53 53
Service-producing 71,173 71,374 71,458
Transportation and public utilities 5,655 5,661 5,670
Wholesale trade 5,639 5,654 5,657
Retail trade 20,120 20,122 20,128
Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,594 5,603 5,608
Services 34,165 34,334 34,395
1999
Industry
Dec.(p)
Total private 89,536
Goods-producing 17,949
Mining 403
Construction 4,930
Manufacturing 12,616
Durable goods 7,487
Lumber and wood products 679
Furniture and fixtures 432
Stone, clay, and glass products 444
Primary metal industries 537
Fabricated metal products 1,119
Industrial machinery and equipment 1,332
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1,037
Transportation equipment 1,218
Motor vehicles and equipment 766
Instruments and related products (2)
Miscellaneous manufacturing 270
Nondurable goods 5,129
Food and kindred products 1,267
Tobacco products 27
Textile mill products 466
Apparel and other textile products 523
Paper and allied products 499
Printing and publishing 822
Chemicals and allied products 585
Petroleum and coal products 89
Rubber and misc. plastics products 800
Leather and leather products 51
Service-producing 71,587
Transportation and public utilities 5,678
Wholesale trade 5,667
Retail trade 20,169
Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,616
Services 34,457
(1) Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
(2) This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(p) = preliminary
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA DIFFUSION INDEXES SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6 Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Timespan Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
1995 63.8 58.0 54.6 56.5 47.5 54.8
1996 49.6 64.9 59.4 55.1 61.9 60.8
1997 56.2 61.0 61.9 62.8 58.8 56.3
1998 63.8 57.9 58.8 60.5 55.9 57.9
1999 54.4 58.3 52.1 58.8 51.5 57.0
Over 3-month span:
1995 63.8 62.9 58.0 53.5 53.9 52.7
1996 62.6 62.5 63.3 63.1 63.1 64.3
1997 63.8 63.6 67.7 67.3 62.6 61.7
1998 66.7 66.2 64.5 63.9 61.4 58.7
1999 60.7 55.9 59.6 54.6 56.3 56.2
Over 6-month span:
1995 66.7 59.7 58.6 56.5 59.0 60.0
1996 62.6 65.2 64.5 65.2 64.7 64.6
1997 67.4 68.3 65.6 67.0 65.6 64.9
1998 70.6 66.9 65.9 62.4 62.6 61.1
1999 61.1 58.8 57.3 59.0 55.2 57.4
Over 12-month span:
1995 63.6 62.4 62.6 63.3 61.7 61.9
1996 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3
1997 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1
1998 70.4 68.3 67.1 64.0 62.1 61.7
1999 60.1 57.3 57.0 57.6 (p)58.0 (p)58.7
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
1995 57.2 50.4 47.1 52.9 41.4 45.3
1996 42.4 55.4 46.8 41.0 55.8 51.4
1997 50.0 52.9 53.6 56.1 52.2 53.2
1998 58.6 51.8 50.4 50.4 40.6 46.8
1999 40.3 42.4 39.6 44.6 36.3 45.3
Over 3-month span:
1995 55.4 51.4 44.2 41.7 43.5 37.4
1996 46.8 46.0 43.5 46.0 48.2 51.1
1997 51.8 51.4 57.6 56.8 54.3 51.8
1998 59.4 57.9 51.8 44.2 41.7 34.9
1999 37.4 31.7 37.1 30.2 33.8 43.9
Over 6-month span:
1995 55.4 45.7 43.2 38.1 41.7 42.8
1996 41.4 46.0 45.7 47.1 46.0 48.6
1997 54.7 54.0 51.4 54.3 52.5 52.2
1998 59.7 49.3 48.2 36.7 36.7 36.7
1999 33.1 29.1 28.1 36.0 30.9 34.5
Over 12-month span:
1995 46.0 44.2 46.0 47.8 41.0 41.7
1996 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6
1997 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8
1998 54.0 49.3 46.0 40.6 35.6 33.8
1999 32.7 25.9 28.4 29.5 (p)28.4 (p)30.9
Timespan July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 3 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
1995 55.6 59.1 57.9 56.9 55.2
1996 57.0 62.5 57.3 63.5 59.7
1997 60.7 61.0 59.4 65.4 63.6
1998 58.0 55.8 54.6 52.9 59.1
1999 57.6 50.0 55.1 57.2 (p)58.7
Over 3-month span:
1995 59.3 61.0 59.4 58.6 57.3
1996 64.3 62.2 64.6 64.2 66.2
1997 61.4 66.2 67.3 69.9 70.8
1998 60.0 58.4 57.6 57.6 59.0
1999 56.2 59.0 57.4 (p)60.7 (p)59.8
Over 6-month span:
1995 57.7 61.0 60.5 59.3 61.7
1996 67.0 65.4 65.9 66.7 66.9
1997 66.3 68.4 69.7 71.3 71.3
1998 58.0 59.8 60.0 60.8 60.8
1999 56.9 (p)62.1 (p)60.0
Over 12-month span:
1995 58.7 62.2 62.2 61.5 63.5
1996 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7
1997 70.1 70.4 70.5 69.7 69.8
1998 61.8 63.8 59.8 59.0 59.3
1999
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
1995 45.0 51.1 48.6 51.1 45.3
1996 47.1 56.5 48.9 55.0 50.7
1997 51.1 55.4 53.6 62.2 61.2
1998 40.3 45.3 42.1 36.3 39.9
1999 57.2 38.5 42.8 48.9 (p)54.3
Over 3-month span:
1995 42.1 43.9 48.2 46.8 44.6
1996 51.8 49.6 53.2 52.5 55.0
1997 53.6 55.4 59.7 68.3 65.8
1998 37.4 37.1 38.1 34.2 35.6
1999 43.2 44.6 38.5 (p)48.9 (p)50.7
Over 6-month span:
1995 41.0 42.1 43.5 43.2 44.2
1996 52.9 50.4 51.8 51.4 52.5
1997 55.4 61.2 61.5 64.7 66.2
1998 28.4 31.3 33.5 35.3 32.7
1999 36.3 (p)46.0 (p)45.0
Over 12-month span:
1995 38.5 38.8 36.3 38.5 39.9
1996 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3
1997 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.5 55.4
1998 30.9 32.0 26.6 26.6 25.5
1999
Timespan Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls,
356 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
1995 57.7
1996 61.2
1997 62.1
1998 58.6
1999 (p)54.4
Over 3-month span:
1995 55.3
1996 63.2
1997 71.2
1998 60.4
1999
Over 6-month span:
1995 63.2
1996 66.7
1997 71.9
1998 58.0
1999
Over 12-month span:
1995 65.4
1996 66.9
1997 71.3
1998 58.6
1999
Manufacturing payrolls,
139 industries(1)
Over 1-month span:
1995 48.2
1996 54
1997 55.4
1998 45
1999 (p)48.9
Over 3-month span:
1995 41.4
1996 50.7
1997 64.4
1998 35.3
1999
Over 6-month span:
1995 45.0
1996 51.8
1997 65.1
1998 28.1
1999
Over 12-month span:
1995 44.6
1996 50.7
1997 57.2
1998 26.3
1999
(1) Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
(p) = preliminary
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1995) are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
[TABULAR DATA B-7 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1998 1999
Industry Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
Total private 34.6 34.6 34.6 34.5
Goods-producing 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.8
Mining 43.3 42.9 43.0 42.9
Construction 39.4 39.5 39.2 38.5
Manufacturing 41.7 41.6 41.6 41.5
Overtime hours 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Durable goods 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.0
Overtime hours 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
Lumber and wood
products 41.5 41.7 41.1 41.2
Furniture and fixtures 40.2 40.4 40.3 40.3
Stone, clay, and
glass products 43.8 43.8 43.4 42.9
Primary metal
industries 43.7 43.7 43.8 43.9
Blast furnaces and
basic steel products 43.3 43.8 43.8 43.9
Fabricated metal
products 42.2 42.1 42.1 42.1
Industrial machinery
and equipment 42.1 42.1 42.1 41.9
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 41.1 41.2 41.2 41.0
Transportation
equipment 44.1 43.5 44.0 43.7
Motor vehicles and
equipment 44.9 44.3 45.0 44.7
Instruments and
related products 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.2
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 39.6 39.6 39.7 39.8
Nondurable goods 40.9 40.8 40.8 40.8
Overtime hours 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4
Food and kindred
products 42.0 41.8 41.7 41.7
Tobacco products 36.6 38.1 38.5 38.8
Textile mill products 40.8 40.8 40.6 40.4
Apparel and other
textile products 37.3 37.0 37.5 37.4
Paper and allied
products 43.4 43.5 43.5 43.7
Printing and
publishing 38.1 38.2 38.1 37.9
Chemicals and
allied products 42.7 42.9 42.8 42.8
Petroleum and
coat products (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 41.7 41.4 41.7 41.8
Leather and
leather products 37.5 37.3 37.7 37.7
Service-producing 32.9 32.9 33.0 32.8
Transportation and
public utilities 39.1 39.3 39.2 39.1
Wholesale trade 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.4
Retail trade 29.0 29.0 29.2 29.0
Finance, insurance,
and real estate (2) (2) (2) (2)
Services 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.6
1999
Industry Apr. May June July
Total private 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.5
Goods-producing 40.9 41.0 41.2 41.2
Mining 43.8 44.1 44.0 45.1
Construction 38.6 38.9 39.4 38.9
Manufacturing 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.9
Overtime hours 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.7
Durable goods 42.1 42.2 42.3 4 2 5
Overtime hours 4.3 4.7 4.8 49.0
Lumber and wood
products 41.2 41.2 41.1 41.1
Furniture and fixtures 40.4 40.4 40.4 40.3
Stone, clay, and
glass products 43.1 43.4 43.4 43.6
Primary metal
industries 44.0 44.3 44.3 4 4 5
Blast furnaces and
basic steel products 44.5 44.8 45.2 4 5 2
Fabricated metal
products 41.8 42.1 42.1 4 2 3
Industrial machinery
and equipment 41.9 42.1 42.0 42.4
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 41.1 41.5 41.5 4 1 7
Transportation
equipment 44.0 43.5 44.2 44.4
Motor vehicles and
equipment 45.1 44.4 45.4 46.0
Instruments and
related products 41.6 41.6 41.5 41.7
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 39.6 40.2 40.0 40.1
Nondurable goods 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.1
Overtime hours 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.5
Food and kindred
products 41.9 41.8 41.8 42.0
Tobacco products 38.6 39.9 39.1 41.1
Textile mill products 41.0 41.0 40.6 41.3
Apparel and other
textile products 37.5 37.8 37.7 37.5
Paper and allied
products 43.6 43.5 43.5 43.5
Printing and
publishing 38.1 38.3 38.3 38.4
Chemicals and
allied products 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.1
Petroleum and
coat products (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 41.5 41.9 41.8 41.7
Leather and
leather products 38.1 38.4 37.9 37.9
Service-producing 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.9
Transportation and
public utilities 39.0 38.8 38.9 38.7
Wholesale trade 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.4
Retail trade 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1
Finance, insurance,
and real estate (2) (2) (2) (2)
Services 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6
1999
Industry Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.(p) Dec.(p)
Total private 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5
Goods-producing 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.3 41.0
Mining 44.2 44.3 44.1 44.2 44.9
Construction 39.0 39.1 39.1 40.0 38.9
Manufacturing 41.8 41.8 41.8 41.7 41.7
Overtime hours 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7
Durable goods 42.4 42.4 42.3 42.2 42.1
Overtime hours 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8
Lumber and wood
products 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.8
Furniture and fixtures 40.3 40.4 40.2 40.0 40.5
Stone, clay, and
glass products 43.6 43.6 43.4 43.9 43.1
Primary metal
industries 44.4 44.4 44.3 44.3 44.5
Blast furnaces and
basic steel products 45.1 45.0 45.0 45.4 45.8
Fabricated metal
products 42.4 42.3 42.1 42.1 42.1
Industrial machinery
and equipment 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.3 42.4
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 41.7 41.6 41.6 41.5 41.4
Transportation
equipment 44.0 44.0 43.9 43.5 43.0
Motor vehicles and
equipment 45.2 45.2 45.3 44.7 44.1
Instruments and
related products 41.6 41.6 41.5 41.6 41.7
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 40.1 40.0 39.8 39.6 39.7
Nondurable goods 40.9 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.0
Overtime hours 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6
Food and kindred
products 41.6 41.7 42.0 41.8 41.7
Tobacco products 40.0 40.2 41.0 42.3 43.5
Textile mill products 40.9 40.8 41.3 41.2 41.4
Apparel and other
textile products 37.3 37.5 37.5 37.3 37.5
Paper and allied
products 43.7 43.5 43.5 43.5 43.3
Printing and
publishing 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.3
Chemicals and
allied products 43.3 43.2 43.1 43.2 43.1
Petroleum and
coat products (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 41.6 41.7 41.5 41.6 41.5
Leather and
leather products 38.2 37.2 37.5 37.8 37.7
Service-producing 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.9
Transportation and
public utilities 38.9 38.6 38.5 38.1 383.0
Wholesale trade 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.5
Retail trade 29.0 28.8 28.9 28.9 29.0
Finance, insurance,
and real estate (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Services 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.8
(1) Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
(2) These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(p) = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1998 1999
Industry
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
Total private 146.6 146.8 147.3 146.8
Goods-producing 115.5 115.2 115.0 114.2
Mining 53.4 51.8 51.0 50.5
Construction 171.3 171.9 171.9 169.1
Manufacturing 107.5 107.1 106.8 106.5
Durable goods 111.5 111.0 110.8 110.4
Lumber and wood
products 148.1 149.5 147.6 147.9
Furniture and
fixtures 134.6 135.3 134.9 135.2
Stone, clay, and
glass products 118.1 117.8 117.0 115.4
Primary metal
industries 90.4 89.9 90.0 90.0
Blast furnaces and
basic steel
products 68.0 68.0 68.0 68.2
Fabricated metal
products 117.7 117.7 117.2 117.0
Industrial machinery
and equipment 106.3 105.4 105.2 104.4
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 105.9 105.9 105.2 105.1
Transportation
equipment 127.3 125.1 125.9 125.3
Motor vehicles and
equipment 163.6 161.0 162.7 162.7
Instruments and
related products 75.0 75.0 75.2 74.7
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 100.3 99.5 99.8 100.0
Nondurable goods 102.1 101.8 101.5 101.2
Food and kindred
products 119.3 119.3 118.8 118.8
Tobacco products 56.2 58.5 57.2 55.7
Textile mill products 83.4 83.1 82.0 81.1
Apparel and other
textile products 63.4 62.3 62.1 61.5
Paper and allied
products 107.1 107.1 106.7 107.0
Printing and
publishing 123.0 123.4 122.8 121.9
Chemicals and
allied products 102.2 102.4 102.0 101.8
Petroleum and
coal products 79.4 76.2 77.4 76.4
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 148.1 147.8 148.5 148.8
Leather and leather
products 33.4 32.7 33.0 32.4
Service-producing 160.5 161.0 161.8 161.5
Transportation and
public utilities 133.0 134.1 134.1 133.8
Wholesale trade 130.2 130.6 131.3 131.3
Retail trade 140.9 141.3 142.9 141.9
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 138.9 139.1 139.6 139.3
Services 197.8 198.3 198.9 198.8
1999
Industry
Apr. May June July
Total private 147.0 147.2 147.8 148.3
Goods-producing 114.2 114.4 114.6 115.1
Mining 50.4 50.1 49.7 50.9
Construction 169.2 170.0 172.8 170.7
Manufacturing 106.5 106.5 106.3 107.3
Durable goods 110.4 110.5 110.4 111.9
Lumber and wood
products 147.5 147.3 146.9 147.3
Furniture and
fixtures 135.6 135.9 136.2 138.8
Stone, clay, and
glass products 116.2 117.0 116.8 118.1
Primary metal
industries 89.9 90.3 89.8 91.1
Blast furnaces and
basic steel
products 69.1 69.2 69.4 69.8
Fabricated metal
products 116.2 116.9 116.6 118.2
Industrial machinery
and equipment 104.1 104.5 104.0 105.3
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 105.6 106.2 105.9 108.0
Transportation
equipment 125.5 123.4 125.0 127.1
Motor vehicles and
equipment 164.8 162.4 165.9 172.1
Instruments and
related products 75.8 75.6 75.2 76.0
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 100.3 101.4 100.9 101.1
Nondurable goods 101.2 101.1 100.5 100.9
Food and kindred
products 118.9 118.5 117.9 119.1
Tobacco products 55.4 55.3 56.2 59.0
Textile mill products 81.6 81.1 79.8 81.3
Apparel and other
textile products 61.4 61.4 60.4 59.3
Paper and allied
products 106.7 106.3 106.0 106.0
Printing and
publishing 121.9 122.3 122.3 122.4
Chemicals and
allied products 102.4 102.3 101.9 102.1
Petroleum and
coal products 74.5 73.9 72.9 74.4
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 148.5 149.5 148.6 149.6
Leather and leather
products 32.8 32.4 32.0 30.9
Service-producing 161.6 161.9 162.7 163.2
Transportation and
public utilities 133.6 133.0 133.7 133.2
Wholesale trade 131.6 131.5 132.0 132.3
Retail trade 142.6 143.3 143.6 144.4
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 139.1 138.8 139.4 141.2
Services 198.9 199.3 200.7 201.1
1999
Industry
Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.(p) Dec.(p)
Total private 148.4 148.2 148.8 149.2 149.3
Goods-producing 114.3 114.6 114.7 115.6 114.7
Mining 49.8 50.3 50.6 50.4 51.6
Construction 170.3 172.4 173.2 179.0 174.2
Manufacturing 106.4 106.4 106.2 106.1 106.0
Durable goods 111.2 110.9 110.5 110.4 110.0
Lumber and wood
products 147.6 147.1 147.6 147.2 146.5
Furniture and
fixtures 137.5 137.5 137.4 136.1 137.5
Stone, clay, and
glass products 116.8 117.0 116.2 118.1 115.7
Primary metal
industries 90.4 90.2 89.8 90.2 90.6
Blast furnaces and
basic steel
products 70.0 69.9 69.9 70.5 71.1
Fabricated metal
products 117.4 117.2 116.8 1169.0 117.0
Industrial machinery
and equipment 104.4 104.2 104.1 104.0 104.1
Electronic and other
electrical equipment 107.2 106.7 106.7 106.4 106.4
Transportation
equipment 126.6 125.4 124.2 123.0 121.2
Motor vehicles and
equipment 169.9 168.0 167.3 165.5 163.0
Instruments and
related products 75.4 75.1 75.1 75.2 74.7
Miscellaneous
manufacturing 101.1 101.3 100.8 100.3 100.9
Nondurable goods 99.9 100.2 100.4 100.3 100.5
Food and kindred
products 116.2 117.7 118.7 118.6 119.1
Tobacco products 49.5 53.7 54.8 56.6 58.2
Textile mill products 80.0 79.5 80.0 79.9 80.2
Apparel and other
textile products 58.6 58.6 58.1 57.7 57.6
Paper and allied
products 105.9 105.6 105.2 105.4 105.3
Printing and
publishing 122.1 122.1 122.6 121.8 121.5
Chemicals and
allied products 102.3 102.7 102.8 103.3 103.0
Petroleum and
coal products 72.5 73.9 73.2 72.4 75.1
Rubber and misc.
plastics products 149.4 149.2 149.2 149.6 150.4
Leather and leather
products 31.7 30.9 30.5 30.8 29.5
Service-producing 163.7 163.3 164.1 164.2 164.8
Transportation and
public utilities 134.1 133.5 133.3 132.2 133.0
Wholesale trade 132.5 133.1 133.8 133.1 133.7
Retail trade 143.8 142.6 143.1 143.1 143.9
Finance, insurance,
and real estate 140.7 140.2 140.5 139.8 140.4
Services 202.4 202.3 204.0 205.0 205.3
(1) Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
(p) = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)(1)
Industry
Oct. Nov. Dec.
1999(r) 1999(r) 1999(p)
Total 236,968 236,815 237,701
Private sector 198,738 199,027 199,379
Mining 1,210 1,210 1,241
Construction 12,838 13,248 12,916
Manufacturing 39,883 39,852 39,816
Durable goods 24,040 24,019 23,985
Nondurable goods 15,843 15,833 15,831
Transportation and
public utilities 13,724 13,674 13,756
Wholesale trade 14,179 14,109 14,178
Retail trade 34,401 34,395 34,612
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 14,504 14,463 14,524
Services 68,000 68,076 68,337
Government 38,230 67,788 38,322
Percent change
Industry
Dec. 1998 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999
to to to
Dec. 1999(p) Nov. 1999(r) Dec. 1999(p)
Total 1.8 -.1 .4
Private sector 1.9 .1 .2
Mining -3.0 .0 2.6
Construction 2.1 3.2 -2.5
Manufacturing -1.3 -.1 -.1
Durable goods -1.2 -.1 -.1
Nondurable goods -1.6 -.1 .0
Transportation and
public utilities .7 .4 .6
Wholesale trade 2.9 .5 .5
Retail trade 1.9 .0 .6
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 1.7 .3 .4
Services 4.0 .1 .4
Government 1.0 -1.2 1.4
(1) Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multiplied by 52.
(p) = preliminary.
(r) = revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees--production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers--and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202--691-5606). Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the following address:
ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb 10.txt
ESTABLISHMENT DATA EARNINGS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
1998 1999
Industry Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
Total private (in
current dollars) $12.98 $13.04 $13.06 $13.11
Goods-producing 14.51 14.53 14.56 14.61
Mining 17.18 17.07 16.97 17.00
Construction 16.80 16.80 16.83 16.92
Manufacturing 13.60 13.64 13.67 13.71
Excluding
overtime(2) 12.90 12.93 12.97 13.00
Service-producing 12.49 12.56 12.58 12.63
Transportation
and public
utilities 15.47 15.49 15.51 15.53
Wholesale trade 14.30 14.36 14.36 14.42
Retail trade 8.89 8.93 8.95 8.98
Finance,
insurance, and
real estate 14.40 14.46 14.49 14.51
Services 13.08 13.17 13.22 13.27
Total private (in
constant (1982)
dollars)(3) 7.81 7.83 7.84 7.86
Goods-producing 8.74 8.73 8.74 8.76
Service-producing 7.52 7.54 7.56 7.58
Total private (in
current dollars) 449.11 451.18 451.88 452.30
Goods-producing 596.36 597.18 596.96 596.09
Mining 743.89 732.30 729.71 729.30
Construction 661.92 663.60 659.74 621.42
Manufacturing 567.12 567.42 568.67 568.97
Service-producing 410.92 413.22 415.14 414.26
Transportation
and public
utilities 604.88 608.76 607.99 607.22
Wholesale trade 549.12 551.42 552.86 553.73
Retail trade 257.81 258.97 261.34 260.42
Finance,
insurance, and
real estate (5) (5) (5) (5)
Services 427.72 430.66 432.29 432.60
Total private
(in constant
(1982)
dollars)(3) 270.39 270.98 271.40 271.33
Goods-producing 359.04 358.67 358.53 357.58
Service-producing 247.39 248.18 249.33 248.51
1999
Industry Apr. May June July
Total private (in
current dollars) $13.14 $13.18 $13.24 $13.28
Goods-producing 14.67 14.75 14.85 14.90
Mining 16.87 17.05 16.96 17.23
Construction 16.97 17.08 17.16 17.18
Manufacturing 13.79 13.85 13.95 14.02
Excluding
overtime(2) 13.09 13.13 13.20 13.26
Service-producing 12.65 12.68 12.73 12.77
Transportation
and public
utilities 15.60 15.65 15.65 15.70
Wholesale trade 14.44 14.48 14.56 14.61
Retail trade 9.03 9.04 9.06 9.10
Finance,
insurance, and
real estate 14.58 14.60 14.62 14.68
Services 13.28 13.33 13.38 13.42
Total private (in
constant (1982)
dollars)(3) 7.83 7.85 7.89 7.88
Goods-producing 8.74 8.78 8.84 8.84
Service-producing 7.53 7.55 7.58 7.58
Total private (in
current dollars) 452.02 453.39 456.78 458.16
Goods-producing 600.00 604.75 611.82 613.88
Mining 738.91 751.91 746.24 777.07
Construction 655.04 664.41 676.10 668.30
Manufacturing 573.66 577.55 581.72 587.44
Service-producing 414.92 415.90 417.54 420.13
Transportation
and public
utilities 608.40 607.22 608.79 607.59
Wholesale trade 554.50 554.58 559.10 561.02
Retail trade 261.87 263.06 263.65 264.81
Finance,
insurance, and
real estate (5) (5) (5) (5)
Services 431.60 433.23 436.19 437.49
Total private
(in constant
(1982)
dollars)(3) 269.22 270.04 272.05 271.91
Goods-producing 357.36 360.18 364.40 364.32
Service-producing 247.12 247.71 248.68 249.34
1999
Industry Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.(p) Dec.(p)
Total private (in
current dollars) $13.29 $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.46
Goods-producing 14.90 14.93 14.97 15.00 15.04
Mining 17.12 17.09 17.09 16.92 17.10
Construction 17.15 17.21 17.27 17.32 17.43
Manufacturing 14.03 14.04 14.07 14.07 14.10
Excluding
overtime(2) 13.28 13.29 13.33 13.33 13.36
Service-producing 12.79 12.85 12.89 12.90 12.97
Transportation
and public
utilities 15.70 15.76 15.76 15.80 15.89
Wholesale trade 14.63 14.74 14.80 14.85 14.95
Retail trade 9.13 9.15 9.18 9.20 9.26
Finance,
insurance, and
real estate 14.63 14.70 14.72 14.72 14.74
Services 13.44 13.49 13.55 13.55 13.62
Total private (in
constant (1982)
dollars)(3) 7.87 7.86 7.87 7.86 (4)
Goods-producing 8.82 8.79 8.80 8.80 (4)
Service-producing 7.57 7.56 7.58 7.57 (4)
Total private (in
current dollars) 458.51 459.24 461.96 462.30 464.37
Goods-producing 612.39 613.62 615.27 619.50 616.64
Mining 756.70 757.09 753.67 747.86 767.79
Construction 668.85 672.91 675.26 692.80 678.03
Manufacturing 586.45 586.87 588.13 586.72 587.97
Service-producing 420.79 421.48 422.79 423.12 426.71
Transportation
and public
utilities 610.73 608.34 606.76 601.98 608.59
Wholesale trade 561.79 567.49 571.28 570.24 575.58
Retail trade 264.77 263.52 265.30 265.88 268.54
Finance,
insurance, and
real estate (5) (5) (5) (5) (5)
Services 439.49 439.77 443.09 444.44 446.74
Total private
(in constant
(1982)
dollars)(3) 271.47 270.30 271.58 271.30 (4)
Goods-producing 362.58 361.17 361.71 363.56 (4)
Service-producing 249.14 248.08 248.55 248.31 (4)
(1) Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
(2) Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
(3) The Consumer Price index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
(4) Not available.
(5) This series is not computed because the average weekly hours' component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
(p) = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
[TABULAR DATA B-12 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
[TABULAR DATA B-13 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
[TABULAR DATA B-14 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
[TABULAR DATA B-15 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
(1) See the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. For information on recent estimates of coverage and compliance under the law, see Minimum Wage and Overtime Hours Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, U.S. Department of Labor, Employment Standards Administration, Wage and Hour Division, June 1998.
(2) For further information, see Steven E. Haugen and Earl F. Mellor, "Estimating the number of minimum wage workers," Monthly Labor Review, January 1990, pp. 70-74.
Steven E. Haugen is an economist in the Division of Labor Force Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-6378; E-mail Haugen_S@bls.gov
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