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Section I��Hate Crime Statistics
Incidents and Offenses
A total of 12,073 law enforcement agencies reported 7,462 hate crime incidents in 2002. The majority of these, 7,459, were single-bias incidents; that is, all the offenses within each incident resulted from one type of bias. The 3 remaining incidents were classified as multiple-bias, meaning that those incidents involved 2 or more offense types motivated by 2 or more biases. (See Table 1.)
Racial bias accounted for 48.8 percent of the single-bias incidents. Religious bias motivated 19.1 percent of incidents, sexual-orientation bias provoked 16.7 percent, and bias against an ethnicity or national origin caused 14.8 percent. Bias against a physical or mental disability was the basis for 0.6 percent of the single-bias incidents. (Based on Table 1.)
Within the 7,462 hate crime incidents reported during 2002, law enforcement identified 7,459 single-bias incidents involving 8,825 offenses. Within the 3 multiple-bias incidents, they identified 7 offenses. (See Table 1.) The UCR hate crime program assigns all bias-motivated offenses to one of three categories: crimes against persons, crimes against property, and crimes against society. (See Methodology.) For 2002, crimes against persons made up 67.5 percent of the identified offenses, and crimes against property accounted for 32.0 percent. The remainder (0.6 percent) were crimes against society. (Based on Table 2.)
By offense type, intimidation was the most often reported offense, accounting for 35.2 percent of the total bias-motivated offenses. Destruction/damage/vandalism accounted for 26.6 percent of the total reported offenses; simple assault, 20.3 percent; and aggravated assault, 11.7 percent. The remaining offenses collectively made up 6.3 percent of the total. (Based on Table 2.)
Intimidation was also the most frequently reported of the crimes against persons, accounting for 52.1 percent of that total. Of reported crimes against property, 83.1 percent of the offenses involved destruction/damage/vandalism. (Based on Table 2.)
Nearly half (49.8 percent) of the 8,825 single-bias offenses reported for 2002 were racially motivated. Religious bias was the instigation for 17.9 percent of the offenses, sexual-orientation bias was the motivation for 16.6 percent, and ethnicity/national origin bias was the cause of 15.2 percent. Bias against a physical or mental disability was the source of less than 1 percent of the offenses within single-bias incidents--0.5 percent. (Based on Table 1.)
A review of the 4,393 offenses motivated by racial bias showed that 67.5 percent resulted from an anti-black bias, 20.2 percent resulted from an anti-white bias, and 6.1 percent resulted from bias against Asians or Pacific Islanders. The data further revealed that 4.6 percent of the offenses were committed against groups comprised of varying races (anti-multiple races, group); 1.5 percent targeted American Indians or Alaskan Natives. (Based on Table 1.)
Anti-Jewish bias accounted for 65.9 percent of the 1,576 reported offenses rooted in religious bias. Anti-Islamic bias made up 10.8 percent of these types of offenses, and bias against other, unspecified religious groups (anti-other religion) made up 13.8 percent. Of the remainder, 3.7 percent of the offenses were anti-Catholic, 3.6 percent were anti-Protestant, 2.0 percent were against groups made up of multiple religions (anti-multiple religions, group), and 0.2 percent were anti-atheism or anti-agnosticism. (Based on Table 1.)
The 2002 data included reports of 1,464 offenses caused by a sexual-orientation bias. Of these, male homosexuals were the targets of 65.4 percent of the attacks. Law enforcement attributed the remaining offenses to anti-homosexual bias, 17.7 percent; anti-female homosexual bias, 14.1 percent; anti-heterosexual bias, 1.8 percent; and anti-bisexual bias, 1.0 percent. (Based on Table 1.)
A review of the 1,345 offenses that investigators determined were the result of an ethnicity or national origin bias indicated that 44.7 percent were associated with an anti-Hispanic prejudice. Anti-other ethnicity/national origin bias accounted for 55.3 percent of these offenses. (Based on Table 1.)
Law enforcement reported 47 offenses motivated by a disability bias and attributed more than half of those (57.4 percent) to a mental disability bias. Bias against physical disabilities made up the remainder. (Based on Table 1.)
A review of the 2002 data by offense type and bias motivation revealed 11 hate motivated homicides. Law enforcement attributed 4 of the murders to racial prejudice, 4 to sexual-orientation bias, 2 to a bias against the victim's ethnicity or national origin, and 1 to a bias against the victim's religious preference. (See Table 4.)
Investigators determined that 8 forcible rapes were motivated by bias during 2002. Three forcible rapes resulted from a sexual-orientation bias, 2 from an ethnicity or national origin bias; 2 from a racial bias; and 1 from a disability bias. (See Table 4.)
Officers identified bias as a motivation for 130 robberies in single-bias incidents; 48 stemmed from a racial bias, 43 from a sexual-orientation bias, 35 from an ethnicity or national origin bias, and 4 from a religious bias. (See Table 4.)
Arson investigations led to hate crime reports of 38 offenses in 2002. Of these, officials determined that 16 were the result of a racial bias, 13 were associated with a religious bias, 6 with a sexual-orientation bias, and 3 with an ethnicity or national origin bias. (See Table 4.)
Victims
In the context of hate crime data collection, the term victim refers to a person, business, institution, or society as a whole, unless otherwise specified.
By Bias Motivation
During 2002, there were 9,222 victims associated with 8,832 hate crime offenses. A study of victim data for single-bias hate crimes showed that racial bias motivated the crimes against nearly half--49.7 percent--of all the victims. Offenders committed crimes against 18.0 percent of hate crime victims because of religious bias, 16.4 percent due to sexual-orientation bias, 15.3 percent because of ethnicity or national origin bias, and 0.5 percent due to disability bias. There were 11 victims of the 3 multiple-bias hate crime incidents in 2002. (Based on Table 1.)
Among the 4,580 victims of racially bias-motivated offenses, 67.2 percent were victims of anti-black bias, 19.9 percent of anti-white bias, 6.1 percent of anti-Asian or anti-Pacific Islander bias, and 1.6 percent were victims of anti-American Indian or anti-Alaskan Native bias. The remaining 5.3 percent of victims of racially bias-motivated offenses resulted from bias directed at groups composed of individuals of different races. (Based on Table 1.)
Victims of anti-Jewish bias accounted for 65.3 percent of the 1,659 victims of religious bias offenses. Anti-Islamic bias motivated the crimes against 10.5 percent of those victims, anti-Catholic bias contributed to 4.3 percent, anti-Protestant bias accounted for 3.5 percent, and anti-Atheism or anti-Agnosticism, etc. bias contributed to 0.2 percent. Biases against members of other religious groups and those directed at groups made up of individuals from multiple religious faiths accounted for 14.3 percent and 1.9 percent of the victims, respectively. (Based on Table 1.)
Examination of the data for the 1,513 victims of crimes motivated by sexual-orientation bias revealed that 65.0 percent were victims of anti-male homosexual bias, 17.6 percent were targets of anti-homosexual bias (male and female), 14.6 percent were victims of anti-female homosexual bias, 1.7 percent of anti-heterosexual bias, and 1.0 percent of anti-bisexual bias. (Based on Table 1.)
Of the 1,409 victims of ethnicity/national origin bias in 2002, 45.4 percent were victims of anti-Hispanic bias, and 54.6 percent were victims of a bias against other ethnicities or national origins. (Based on Table 1.)
Disability bias motivated the hate crimes against 50 victims. Sixty percent (30 victims) were targets of anti-mental disability bias and 40.0 percent (20 victims) were targets of anti-physical disability bias. (Based on Table 1.)
By Offense Category
A breakdown of the data for the 9,222 hate crime victims in 2002 showed that 64.6 percent (5,960) were victims of crimes against persons, 34.8 percent (3,213 victims) were targets of crimes against property, and 0.5 percent (49) were victims of crimes against society. (Based on Table 2.)
An analysis of the 5,960 victims of hate crimes against persons and their respective offense types revealed that 52.1 percent were victims of intimidation, 30.1 percent were victims of simple assault, 17.4 percent were victims of aggravated assault, 0.2 percent were victims of murder, and 0.1 percent were victims of forcible rape. Victims of other offense types accounted for 0.2 percent of the victim total of crimes against persons. (Based on Table 2.)
Of the 3,213 victims of hate crimes against property, most (82.2 percent) were victims of destruction/damage/vandalism. Victims of robbery comprised 5.6 percent of the victim count for the crimes against property classification; burglary, 5.1 percent; larceny-theft, 4.9 percent; arson, 1.5 percent; and motor vehicle theft accounted for 0.3 percent. Victims of other offense types made up 0.5 percent of victims of crimes against property. (Based on Table 2.)
By Victim Type
Among the 2,823 hate crime offenses against property, a distribution of victim types showed that 53.8 percent of the offenses were directed at individuals, 10.0 percent at business or financial institutions, 6.7 percent at religious organizations, 6.0 percent at government, and 6.0 percent at society/public. Other, unknown, and multiple victim types accounted for 17.5 percent. (Based on Table 6.)
Offenders
As defined by the UCR hate crime program, the term known offender does not imply that the suspect's identity is known but that an attribute of the suspect is identified, which distinguishes him or her from an unknown offender. On the Hate Crime Incident Report form, reporting agencies can specify the number of offenders and, when possible, the offender's apparent race as the identifying attribute(s).
In 2002, law enforcement agencies reported a total of 7,314 known offenders associated with 7,462 bias-motivated incidents. (See Table 1.) Of the known offenders, 61.8 percent were white, 21.8 percent were black, 1.2 percent were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 0.6 percent were American Indian or Alaskan Native. Groups of individuals representing various races accounted for 4.9 percent of all known offenders. The remaining 9.8 percent of offenders were of unknown races. (Based on Table 9.)
By crime category, 6,090 known offenders committed 5,960 hate crime offenses against persons. Of those offenders, 40.0 percent committed the offense of simple assault, 34.8 percent committed intimidation, and 24.6 percent committed aggravated assault. Data for 1,423 known offenders of the 2,823 hate crime offenses against property indicated that 65.1 percent of the offenders committed destruction/damage/vandalism, and 18.9 percent committed robbery. Sixty-one known offenders were responsible for the 49 crimes against society. (Based on Table 2.)
Location
A review of the data by location showed that 29.5 percent of all reported hate crime incidents occurred at homes or residences. The review also showed highways, roads, alleys, or streets as the location for another 20.0 percent of the reported incidents. More than 10 percent (10.6) of hate crime incidents took place at schools and colleges, and 6.2 percent happened in parking lots or garages. The location was unknown or unspecified for 12.3 percent of incidents. The remaining incidents, 21.6 percent, took place in a variety of locations. (See Table 10.)
A breakdown of bias-motivated incidents by location indicated that 30.0 percent of the 3,642 racially-motivated hate crime incidents occurred at residences or homes; 23.5 percent happened on a highway, road, alley, or street; and 11.0 percent took place at schools or colleges. (Based on Table 10.)
Of the 1,426 incidents where a religious bias was the motivation, 26.2 percent took place at residences or homes; 16.9 percent at churches, synagogues, or temples; and 10.4 percent at schools or colleges. (Based on Table 10.)
Incidents associated with a sexual-orientation bias (1,244) most often took place at homes or residences--30.8 percent; 24.8 percent took place on a highway, road, alley, or street; and 13.4 percent occurred at schools or colleges. (Based on Table 10.)
Approximately 30 percent (30.7) of the 1,102 incidents motivated by an ethnicity or national origin bias occurred at residences or homes, and 18.1 percent happened on a highway, road, alley, or street. A school or college was the setting for 6.0 percent of these incidents. (Based on Table 10.)
Of the 45 incidents involving a disability bias, 20.0 percent occurred at homes or residences; and 20.0 percent took place on a highway, road, alley, or street. Schools and colleges accounted for another 11.1 percent. (Based on Table 10.)
A more complete breakdown of the locations associated with bias motivated incidents is published in Table 10.
Table 1
Incidents, Offenses, Victims, and Known Offenders
by Bias Motivation, 2002
Bias motivation Incidents Offenses
Total 7,462 8,832
Single-Bias Incidents 7,459 8,825
Race: 3,642 4,393
Anti-White 719 888
Anti-Black 2,486 2,967
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan Native 62 68
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 217 268
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 158 202
Religion: 1,426 1,576
Anti-Jewish 931 1,039
Anti-Catholic 53 58
Anti-Protestant 55 57
Anti-Islamic 155 170
Anti-Other Religion 198 217
Anti-Multiple Religions, Group 31 32
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 3 3
Sexual Orientation: 1,244 1,464
Anti-Male Homosexual 825 957
Anti-Female Homosexual 172 207
Anti-Homosexual 222 259
Anti-Heterosexual 10 26
Anti-Bisexual 15 15
Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,102 1,345
Anti-Hispanic 480 601
Anti-Other Ethnicity/National Origin 622 744
Disability: 45 47
Anti-Physical 20 20
Anti-Mental 25 27
Multiple-Bias Incidents (3) 3 7
Known
Bias motivation Victims (1) offenders (2)
Total 9,222 7,314
Single-Bias Incidents 9,211 7,311
Race: 4,580 4,011
Anti-White 910 1,064
Anti-Black 3,076 2,510
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan Native 72 52
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 280 242
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 242 143
Religion: 1,659 568
Anti-Jewish 1,084 317
Anti-Catholic 71 21
Anti-Protestant 58 34
Anti-Islamic 174 103
Anti-Other Religion 237 73
Anti-Multiple Religions, Group 32 18
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 3 2
Sexual Orientation: 1,513 1,438
Anti-Male Homosexual 984 1,022
Anti-Female Homosexual 221 172
Anti-Homosexual 267 225
Anti-Heterosexual 26 6
Anti-Bisexual 15 13
Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,409 1,247
Anti-Hispanic 639 656
Anti-Other Ethnicity/National Origin 770 591
Disability: 50 47
Anti-Physical 20 21
Anti-Mental 30 26
Multiple-Bias Incidents (3) 11 3
(1) The term victim may refer to a person, business, institution, or
society as a whole.
(2) The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the
suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is
identified, which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender.
(3) A multiple-bias incident occurs only when two or more offense types
are committed in a single incident. In a situation where there is more
than one offense type, the agency can indicate a different bias for
each offense. In the case of a single offense type, only one bias can
be indicated.
Table 2
Incidents, Offenses, Victims, and Known Offenders
by Offense Type, 2002
Offense type Incidents (1) Offenses
Total 7,462 8,832
Crimes against persons: 4,784 5,960
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter 11 11
Forcible rape 8 8
Aggravated assault 800 1,035
Simple assault 1,473 1,791
Intimidation 2,484 3,105
Other (4) 8 10
Crimes against property: 2,823 2,823
Robbery 131 131
Burglary 131 131
Larceny-theft 151 151
Motor vehicle theft 9 9
Arson 38 38
Destruction/damage/vandalism 2,347 2,347
Other (4) 16 16
Crimes against society (4) 49 49
Known
Offense type Victims (2) offenders (3)
Total 9,222 7,314
Crimes against persons: 5,960 6,090
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter 11 15
Forcible rape 8 16
Aggravated assault 1,035 1,498
Simple assault 1,791 2,436
Intimidation 3,105 2,117
Other (4) 10 8
Crimes against property: 3,213 1,423
Robbery 179 269
Burglary 163 86
Larceny-theft 157 95
Motor vehicle theft 9 3
Arson 47 27
Destruction/damage/vandalism 2,642 927
Other (4) 16 16
Crimes against society (4) 49 61
(1) The actual number of incidents is 7,462. However, the column
figures will not add to the total because incidents may include more
than one offense type, and these are counted in each appropriate
offense type category.
(2) The term victim may refer to a person, business, institution, or
society as a whole.
(3) The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the
suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is
identified, which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender. The
actual number of known offenders is 7,314. However, the column figures
will not add to the total because some offenders are responsible for
more than one offense type, and they are, therefore, counted more than
once in this table.
(4) Includes additional offenses collected in NIBRS.
Table 3
Offenses
Known Offender's Race
by Offense Type, 2002
Known offender's race
American
Indian/
Total Alaskan
Offense type offenses White Black Native
Total 8,832 3,712 1,082 46
Crimes against persons: 5,960 3,223 916 41
Murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter 11 8 1 1
Forcible rape 8 3 1 0
Aggravated assault 1,035 654 234 10
Simple assault 1,791 1,109 394 16
Intimidation 3,105 1,447 281 14
Other (1) 10 2 5 0
Crimes against property: 2,823 462 152 4
Robbery 131 51 58 1
Burglary 131 22 13 0
Larceny-theft 151 33 15 0
Motor vehicle theft 9 1 0 0
Arson 38 13 4 0
Destruction/damage/ 2,347 332 59 3
vandalism
Other (1) 16 10 3 0
Crimes against society (1) 49 27 14 1
Known offender's race
Asian/ Multiple
Pacific races, Unknown Unknown
Offense type Islander group race offender
Total 61 218 651 3,062
Crimes against persons: 50 192 339 1,199
Murder and nonnegligent 0 0 0 1
manslaughter
Forcible rape 0 0 3 1
Aggravated assault 13 45 36 43
Simple assault 19 113 59 81
Intimidation 18 34 239 1,072
Other (1) 0 0 2 1
Crimes against property: 11 25 308 1,861
Robbery 0 6 4 11
Burglary 0 1 21 74
Larceny-theft 0 2 25 76
Motor vehicle theft 0 0 2 6
Arson 0 0 4 17
Destruction/damage/ 11 16 251 1,675
vandalism
Other (1) 0 0 1 2
Crimes against society (1) 0 1 4 2
(1) Includes additional offenses collected in NIBRS.
Table 4
Offenses
Offense Type
by Bias Motivation, 2002
Crimes against persons
Murder and
Total nonnegligent Forcible
Bias motivation offenses manslaughter rape
Total 8,832 11 8
Single-Bias Incidents 8,825 11 8
Race: 4,393 4 2
Anti-White 888 1 2
Anti-Black 2,967 3 0
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 68 0 0
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 268 0 0
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 202 0 0
Religion: 1,576 1 0
Anti-Jewish 1,039 0 0
Anti-Catholic 58 0 0
Anti-Protestant 57 0 0
Anti-Islamic 170 0 0
Anti-Other Religion 217 1 0
Anti-Multiple Religions, 32 0 0
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 3 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 1,464 4 3
Anti-Male Homosexual 957 4 0
Anti-Female Homosexual 207 0 2
Anti-Homosexual 259 0 1
Anti-Heterosexual 26 0 0
Anti-Bisexual 15 0 0
Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,345 2 2
Anti-Hispanic 601 2 2
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 744 0 0
National Origin
Disability: 47 0 1
Anti-Physical 20 0 1
Anti-Mental 27 0 0
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 7 0 0
Crimes against persons
Aggravated Simple
Bias motivation assault assault
Total 1,035 1,791
Single-Bias Incidents 1,035 1,789
Race: 612 996
Anti-White 175 262
Anti-Black 390 608
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 7 21
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 26 70
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 14 35
Religion: 34 74
Anti-Jewish 17 35
Anti-Catholic 0 4
Anti-Protestant 0 4
Anti-Islamic 12 22
Anti-Other Religion 4 7
Anti-Multiple Religions, 1 2
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 208 418
Anti-Male Homosexual 138 279
Anti-Female Homosexual 24 51
Anti-Homosexual 43 82
Anti-Heterosexual 2 4
Anti-Bisexual 1 2
Ethnicity/National Origin: 177 290
Anti-Hispanic 99 145
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 78 145
National Origin
Disability: 4 11
Anti-Physical 1 4
Anti-Mental 3 7
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 2
Crimes against persons
Bias motivation Intimidation Other (1)
Total 3,105 10
Single-Bias Incidents 3,104 10
Race: 1,508 4
Anti-White 233 2
Anti-Black 1,107 2
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 14 0
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 90 0
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 64 0
Religion: 599 1
Anti-Jewish 433 0
Anti-Catholic 6 0
Anti-Protestant 7 1
Anti-Islamic 66 0
Anti-Other Religion 83 0
Anti-Multiple Religions, 4 0
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 449 2
Anti-Male Homosexual 311 1
Anti-Female Homosexual 75 1
Anti-Homosexual 43 0
Anti-Heterosexual 16 0
Anti-Bisexual 4 0
Ethnicity/National Origin: 544 3
Anti-Hispanic 213 0
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 331 3
National Origin
Disability: 4 0
Anti-Physical 3 0
Anti-Mental 1 0
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 1 0
Crimes against property
Larceny-
Bias motivation Robbery Burglary theft
Total 131 131 151
Single-Bias Incidents 130 131 151
Race: 48 65 61
Anti-White 28 21 28
Anti-Black 13 38 22
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 1 6
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 4 1 2
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 3 4 3
Religion: 4 30 55
Anti-Jewish 2 11 10
Anti-Catholic 0 4 12
Anti-Protestant 0 5 11
Anti-Islamic 1 2 11
Anti-Other Religion 1 6 8
Anti-Multiple Religions, 0 2 2
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0 1
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 43 20 17
Anti-Male Homosexual 36 11 8
Anti-Female Homosexual 3 5 0
Anti-Homosexual 4 3 5
Anti-Heterosexual 0 1 1
Anti-Bisexual 0 0 3
Ethnicity/National Origin: 35 15 7
Anti-Hispanic 23 7 5
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 12 8 2
National Origin
Disability: 0 1 11
Anti-Physical 0 0 4
Anti-Mental 0 1 7
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 1 0 0
Crimes against property
Motor Destruction/
vehicle damage/
Bias motivation theft Arson vandalism
Total 9 38 2,347
Single-Bias Incidents 9 38 2,345
Race: 3 16 1,031
Anti-White 1 5 112
Anti-Black 1 10 755
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 1 15
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 1 0 72
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 0 0 77
Religion: 2 13 755
Anti-Jewish 1 4 524
Anti-Catholic 0 2 28
Anti-Protestant 1 1 27
Anti-Islamic 0 0 55
Anti-Other Religion 0 6 99
Anti-Multiple Religions, 0 0 20
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0 2
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 0 6 288
Anti-Male Homosexual 0 4 163
Anti-Female Homosexual 0 0 45
Anti-Homosexual 0 2 76
Anti-Heterosexual 0 0 2
Anti-Bisexual 0 0 2
Ethnicity/National Origin: 3 3 261
Anti-Hispanic 2 0 100
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 1 3 161
National Origin
Disability: 1 0 10
Anti-Physical 1 0 3
Anti-Mental 0 0 7
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 0 2
Crimes
against property Crimes
against
Bias motivation Other (1) society (1)
Total 16 49
Single-Bias Incidents 16 48
Race: 9 34
Anti-White 2 16
Anti-Black 4 14
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 2 1
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 0 2
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 1 1
Religion: 3 5
Anti-Jewish 0 2
Anti-Catholic 1 1
Anti-Protestant 0 0
Anti-Islamic 0 1
Anti-Other Religion 1 1
Anti-Multiple Religions, 1 0
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 2 4
Anti-Male Homosexual 2 0
Anti-Female Homosexual 0 1
Anti-Homosexual 0 0
Anti-Heterosexual 0 0
Anti-Bisexual 0 3
Ethnicity/National Origin: 0 3
Anti-Hispanic 0 3
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 0 0
National Origin
Disability: 2 2
Anti-Physical 1 2
Anti-Mental 1 0
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 1
(1) Includes additional offenses collected in NIBRS.
(2) A multiple-bias incident occurs only when two or more offense types
are committed in a single incident. In a situation where there is more
than one offense type, the agency can indicate a different bias for
each offense. In the case of a single offense type, only one bias can
be indicated.
Table 5
Offenses
Known Offender's Race
by Bias Motivation, 2002
Known offender's
race
Total
Bias motivation offenses White Black
Total 8,832 3,712 1,082
Single-Bias Incidents 8,825 3,710 1,082
Race: 4,393 2,040 639
Anti-White 888 130 497
Anti-Black 2,967 1,689 84
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 68 31 1
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 268 104 38
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 202 86 19
Religion: 1,576 327 46
Anti-Jewish 1,039 179 15
Anti-Catholic 58 10 1
Anti-Protestant 57 17 3
Anti-Islamic 170 59 19
Anti-Other Religion 217 50 6
Anti-Multiple Religions, Group 32 11 1
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 1 1
Sexual Orientation: 1,464 679 210
Anti-Male Homosexual 957 458 151
Anti-Female Homosexual 207 94 25
Anti-Homosexual 259 118 29
Anti-Heterosexual 26 6 0
Anti-Bisexual 15 3 5
Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,345 647 178
Anti-Hispanic 601 323 111
Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 744 324 67
Origin
Disability: 47 17 9
Anti-Physical 20 9 6
Anti-Mental 27 8 3
Multiple-Bias Incidents (1) 7 2 0
Known offender's race
American
Indian/ Asian/ Multiple
Alaskan Pacific races,
Bias motivation Native Islander group
Total 46 61 218
Single-Bias Incidents 46 61 218
Race: 29 38 127
Anti-White 8 11 34
Anti-Black 14 26 72
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 2 0 1
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 4 1 15
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 1 0 5
Religion: 1 8 13
Anti-Jewish 1 4 5
Anti-Catholic 0 2 1
Anti-Protestant 0 0 0
Anti-Islamic 0 1 7
Anti-Other Religion 0 1 0
Anti-Multiple Religions, Group 0 0 0
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 0 0
Sexual Orientation: 8 6 46
Anti-Male Homosexual 4 5 30
Anti-Female Homosexual 2 0 7
Anti-Homosexual 2 1 8
Anti-Heterosexual 0 0 0
Anti-Bisexual 0 0 1
Ethnicity/National Origin: 8 9 29
Anti-Hispanic 0 0 5
Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 8 9 24
Origin
Disability: 0 0 3
Anti-Physical 0 0 0
Anti-Mental 0 0 3
Multiple-Bias Incidents (1) 0 0 0
Known
offender's race
Unknown Unknown
Bias motivation race offender
Total 651 3,062
Single-Bias Incidents 648 3,060
Race: 344 1,176
Anti-White 71 137
Anti-Black 217 865
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 9 24
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 22 84
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 25 66
Religion: 138 1,043
Anti-Jewish 98 737
Anti-Catholic 3 41
Anti-Protestant 7 30
Anti-Islamic 9 75
Anti-Other Religion 17 143
Anti-Multiple Religions, Group 4 16
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/etc. 0 1
Sexual Orientation: 88 427
Anti-Male Homosexual 50 259
Anti-Female Homosexual 12 67
Anti-Homosexual 25 76
Anti-Heterosexual 1 19
Anti-Bisexual 0 6
Ethnicity/National Origin: 73 401
Anti-Hispanic 25 137
Anti-Other Ethnicity/National 48 264
Origin
Disability: 5 13
Anti-Physical 2 3
Anti-Mental 3 10
Multiple-Bias Incidents (1) 3 2
(1) A multiple-bias incident occurs only when two or more offense types
are committed in a single incident. In a situation where there is more
than one offense type, the agency can indicate a different bias for
each offense. In the case of a single offense type, only one bias can
be indicated.
Table 6
Offenses
Victim Type
by Offense Type, 2002
Victim type
Business/
Total financial
Offense type offenses Individual institution
Total 8,832 7,478 283
Crimes against persons (1) 5,960 5,960 NA
Crimes against property: 2,823 1,518 283
Robbery 131 128 1
Burglary 131 84 15
Larceny-theft 151 99 36
Motor vehicle theft 9 8 0
Arson 38 18 5
Destruction/damage/vandalism 2,347 1,173 220
Other (1) 16 8 6
Crimes against society (1) 49 NA NA
Victim type
Religious
Offense type Government organization
Total 170 190
Crimes against persons (1) NA NA
Crimes against property: 170 190
Robbery 0 0
Burglary 3 11
Larceny-theft 3 8
Motor vehicle theft 0 0
Arson 0 6
Destruction/damage/vandalism 162 165
Other (1) 2 0
Crimes against society (1) NA NA
Victim type
Other/
Society/ unknown/
Offense type public multiple
Total 218 493
Crimes against persons (1) NA NA
Crimes against property: 169 493
Robbery 0 2
Burglary 1 17
Larceny-theft 0 5
Motor vehicle theft 0 1
Arson 1 8
Destruction/damage/vandalism 167 460
Other (1) 0 0
Crimes against society (1) 49 NA
(1) Includes additional offenses collected in NIBRS.
Table 7
Victims
Offense Type
by Bias Motivation, 2002
Crimes against persons
Murder
Total nonnegligent Forcible
Bias motivation victims manslaughter rape
Total 9,222 11 8
Single-Bias Incidents 9,211 11 8
Race: 4,580 4 2
Anti-White 910 1 2
Anti-Black 3,076 3 0
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 72 0 0
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 280 0 0
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 242 0 0
Religion: 1,659 1 0
Anti-Jewish 1,084 0 0
Anti-Catholic 71 0 0
Anti-Protestant 58 0 0
Anti-Islamic 174 0 0
Anti-Other Religion 237 1 0
Anti-Multiple Religions, 32 0 0
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 3 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 1,513 4 3
Anti-Male Homosexual 984 4 0
Anti-Female Homosexual 221 0 2
Anti-Homosexual 267 0 1
Anti-Heterosexual 26 0 0
Anti-Bisexual 15 0 0
Ethnicity/National Origin: 1,409 2 2
Anti-Hispanic 639 2 2
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 770 0 0
National Origin
Disability: 50 0 1
Anti-Physical 20 0 1
Anti-Mental 30 0 0
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 11 0 0
Crimes against persons
Aggravated Simple
Bias motivation assault assault
Total 1,035 1,791
Single-Bias Incidents 1,035 1,789
Race: 612 996
Anti-White 175 262
Anti-Black 390 608
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 7 21
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 26 70
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 14 35
Religion: 34 74
Anti-Jewish 17 35
Anti-Catholic 0 4
Anti-Protestant 0 4
Anti-Islamic 12 22
Anti-Other Religion 4 7
Anti-Multiple Religions, 1 2
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 208 418
Anti-Male Homosexual 138 279
Anti-Female Homosexual 24 51
Anti-Homosexual 43 82
Anti-Heterosexual 2 4
Anti-Bisexual 1 2
Ethnicity/National Origin: 177 290
Anti-Hispanic 99 145
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 78 145
National Origin
Disability: 4 11
Anti-Physical 1 4
Anti-Mental 3 7
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 2
Crimes against persons
Bias motivation Intimidation Other (1)
Total 3,105 10
Single-Bias Incidents 3,104 10
Race: 1,508 4
Anti-White 233 2
Anti-Black 1,107 2
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 14 0
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 90 0
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 64 0
Religion: 599 1
Anti-Jewish 433 0
Anti-Catholic 6 0
Anti-Protestant 7 1
Anti-Islamic 66 0
Anti-Other Religion 83 0
Anti-Multiple Religions, 4 0
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 449 2
Anti-Male Homosexual 311 1
Anti-Female Homosexual 75 1
Anti-Homosexual 43 0
Anti-Heterosexual 16 0
Anti-Bisexual 4 0
Ethnicity/National Origin: 544 3
Anti-Hispanic 213 0
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 331 3
National Origin
Disability: 4 0
Anti-Physical 3 0
Anti-Mental 1 0
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 1 0
Crimes against property
Larceny-
Bias motivation Robbery Burglary theft
Total 179 163 157
Single-Bias Incidents 176 163 157
Race: 61 82 64
Anti-White 32 27 31
Anti-Black 18 48 22
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 1 6
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 4 1 2
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 7 5 3
Religion: 7 33 57
Anti-Jewish 2 13 12
Anti-Catholic 0 4 12
Anti-Protestant 0 5 11
Anti-Islamic 1 2 11
Anti-Other Religion 4 7 8
Anti-Multiple Religions, 0 2 2
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 1
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 47 22 18
Anti-Male Homosexual 40 12 9
Anti-Female Homosexual 3 6 0
Anti-Homosexual 4 3 5
Anti-Heterosexual 0 1 1
Anti-Bisexual 0 0 3
Ethnicity/National Origin: 61 23 7
Anti-Hispanic 34 15 5
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 27 8 2
National Origin
Disability: 0 3 11
Anti-Physical 0 0 4
Anti-Mental 0 3 7
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 3 0 0
Crimes against property
Motor Destruction/
vehicle damage/
Bias motivation theft Arson vandalism
Total 9 47 2,642
Single-Bias Incidents 9 47 2,638
Race: 3 22 1,179
Anti-White 1 5 121
Anti-Black 1 16 843
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 0 1 19
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 1 0 84
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 0 0 112
Religion: 2 15 828
Anti-Jewish 1 4 565
Anti-Catholic 0 3 40
Anti-Protestant 1 1 28
Anti-Islamic 0 0 59
Anti-Other Religion 0 7 114
Anti-Multiple Religions, 0 0 20
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0 2
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 0 7 329
Anti-Male Homosexual 0 4 184
Anti-Female Homosexual 0 0 58
Anti-Homosexual 0 3 83
Anti-Heterosexual 0 0 2
Anti-Bisexual 0 0 2
Ethnicity/National Origin: 3 3 291
Anti-Hispanic 2 0 119
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 1 3 172
National Origin
Disability: 1 0 11
Anti-Physical 1 0 3
Anti-Mental 0 0 8
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 0 4
Crimes
against property Crimes
against
Bias motivation Other (1) society (1)
Total 16 49
Single-Bias Incidents 16 48
Race: 9 34
Anti-White 2 16
Anti-Black 4 14
Anti-American Indian/Alaskan 2 1
Native
Anti-Asian/Pacific Islander 0 2
Anti-Multiple Races, Group 1 1
Religion: 3 5
Anti-Jewish 0 2
Anti-Catholic 1 1
Anti-Protestant 0 0
Anti-Islamic 0 1
Anti-Other Religion 1 1
Anti-Multiple Religions, 1 0
Group
Anti-Atheism/Agnosticism/ 0 0
etc.
Sexual Orientation: 2 4
Anti-Male Homosexual 2 0
Anti-Female Homosexual 0 1
Anti-Homosexual 0 0
Anti-Heterosexual 0 0
Anti-Bisexual 0 3
Ethnicity/National Origin: 0 3
Anti-Hispanic 0 3
Anti-Other Ethnicity/ 0 0
National Origin
Disability: 2 2
Anti-Physical 1 2
Anti-Mental 1 0
Multiple-Bias Incidents (2) 0 1
(1) Includes additional offenses collected in NIBRS.
(2) A multiple-bias incident occurs only when two or more offense types
are committed in a single incident. In a situation where there is more
than one offense type, the agency can indicate a different bias for
each offense. In the case of a single offense type, only one bias can
be indicated.
Table 8
Incidents
Victim Type
by Bias Motivation, 2002
Victim type
Business/
Total financial
Bias motivation incidents Individual insitution Government
Total 7,462 6,122 266 165
Single-Bias Incidents 7,459 6,120 266 165
Race 3,642 3,135 122 90
Religion 1,426 828 99 41
Sexual Orientation 1,244 1,140 12 22
Ethnicity/National
Origin 1,102 979 31 11
Disability 45 38 2 1
Multiple-Bias 3 2 0 0
Incidents (1)
Victim type
Other/
Religious Society/ unknown/
Bias motivation organization public multiple
Total 183 205 521
Single-Bias Incidents 183 205 520
Race 13 113 169
Religion 165 60 233
Sexual Orientation 1 12 57
Ethnicity/National 4 17 60
Origin
Disability 0 3 1
Multiple-Bias 0 0 1
Incidents (1)
(1) A multiple-bias incident occurs only when two or more offense
types are committed in a single incident. In a situation where there is
more than one offense type, the agency can indicate a difference bias
for each offense. In the case of a single offense type, only one bias
can be indicated.
Table 9
Race of Known Offenders, 2002 (1)
Known Offender's Race
Total 7,314
White 4,517
Black 1,592
American Indian/Alaskan Native 43
Asian/Pacific Islander 87
Multiple Races, Group (2) 355
Unknown Race 720
(1) The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the
suspect is known, but only that an attribute of the suspect is
identified, which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender.
(2) The term multiple races, group is used to describe a group of
offenders comprised of individuals of varying races.
Table 10
Incidents
Bias Motivation
by Location, 2002
Bias motivation
Total Sexual
Location incidents Race Religion orientation
Total 7,462 3,642 1,426 1,244
Air/bus/train terminal 63 38 8 10
Bank/savings and loan 19 9 4 4
Bar/night club 128 63 5 42
Church/synagogue/temple 284 28 241 4
Commercial office building 200 83 48 18
Construction site 19 11 2 2
Convenience store 114 38 9 17
Department/discount store 58 37 11 6
Drug store/Dr.'s office/
hospital 51 24 10 8
Field/woods 69 43 6 10
Government/public building 82 38 20 9
Grocery/supermarket 51 22 10 7
Highway/road/alley/street 1,490 855 117 309
Hotel/motel/etc. 55 26 10 10
Jail/prison 42 26 2 4
Lake/waterway 12 5 1 3
Liquor store 14 4 1 1
Parking lot/garage 461 277 62 68
Rental storage facility 9 4 2 0
Residence/home 2,198 1,092 373 383
Restaurant 166 74 14 29
School/college 789 402 149 167
Service/gas station 78 39 13 7
Specialty store (TV, fur,
etc.) 93 38 24 6
Other/unknown 915 365 284 120
Multiple locations 2 1 0 0
Bias motivation
Ethnicity/ Multiple
national bias
Location origin Disability incidents (1)
Total 1,102 45 3
Air/bus/train terminal 5 2 0
Bank/savings and loan 2 0 0
Bar/night club 18 0 0
Church/synagogue/temple 10 1 0
Commercial office building 48 3 0
Construction site 4 0 0
Convenience store 49 1 0
Department/discount store 4 0 0
Drug store/Dr.'s office/
hospital 9 0 0
Field/woods 10 0 0
Government/public building 14 1 0
Grocery/supermarket 12 0 0
Highway/road/alley/street 200 9 0
Hotel/motel/etc. 9 0 0
Jail/prison 10 0 0
Lake/waterway 3 0 0
Liquor store 8 0 0
Parking lot/garage 52 2 0
Rental storage facility 1 2 0
Residence/home 338 9 3
Restaurant 48 1 0
School/college 66 5 0
Service/gas station 18 1 0
Specialty store (TV, fur,
etc.) 25 0 0
Other/unknown 138 8 0
Multiple locations 1 0 0
(1) A multiple-bias incident occurs only when two or more offense types
are committed in a single incident. In a situation where there is more
than one offense type, the agency can indicate a different bias for
each offense. In the case of a single offense type, only one bias can
be indicated.
Table 11
Offenses
Offense Type
by Participating State, 2002
Crimes against persons
Murder and
Total nonnegligent Forcible Aggravated
Participating state offenses manslaughter rape assault
Total 8,832 11 8 1,035
Alabama 2 0 0 0
Alaska 7 0 0 1
Arizona 300 1 0 39
Arkansas 0 0 0 0
California 1,931 3 1 271
Colorado 121 0 0 21
Connecticut 167 0 0 15
Delaware 15 0 0 2
District of Columbia 18 0 0 7
Florida 301 1 0 89
Georgia 41 0 0 9
Idaho 50 0 0 4
Illinois 199 0 0 52
Indiana 104 0 0 10
Iowa 50 0 0 6
Kansas 75 0 0 6
Kentucky 90 0 0 12
Louisiana 29 0 0 10
Maine 48 0 0 2
Maryland 217 0 0 19
Massachusetts 476 0 1 55
Michigan 479 0 0 58
Minnesota 239 1 0 16
Mississippi 4 0 0 1
Missouri 74 1 0 11
Montana 19 0 0 6
Nebraska 85 0 1 5
Nevada 74 0 1 21
New Hampshire 28 0 0 3
New Jersey 615 0 0 12
New Mexico 15 0 0 2
New York 801 2 0 55
North Carolina 69 0 0 7
North Dakota 20 0 0 3
Ohio 316 0 0 8
Oklahoma 59 0 0 6
Oregon 83 0 0 2
Pennsylvania 107 0 0 12
Rhode Island 43 0 0 6
South Carolina 80 0 1 16
South Dakota 6 1 0 2
Tennessee 153 0 1 23
Texas 429 1 2 65
Utah 67 0 0 3
Vermont 25 0 0 4
Virginia 371 0 0 25
Washington 230 0 0 22
West Virginia 51 0 0 4
Wisconsin 43 0 0 5
Wyoming 6 0 0 2
Crimes against persons
Simple
Participating state assault Intimidation Other (1)
Total 1,791 3,105 10
Alabama 0 2 0
Alaska 2 3 0
Arizona 73 101 0
Arkansas 0 0 0
California 471 686 0
Colorado 16 54 0
Connecticut 13 95 0
Delaware 3 4 0
District of Columbia 8 1 1
Florida 67 57 0
Georgia 5 17 0
Idaho 16 13 0
Illinois 55 46 0
Indiana 32 43 0
Iowa 9 6 0
Kansas 18 33 0
Kentucky 10 40 0
Louisiana 9 7 0
Maine 10 31 0
Maryland 47 0 0
Massachusetts 81 162 2
Michigan 120 154 0
Minnesota 41 109 0
Mississippi 0 2 0
Missouri 15 29 0
Montana 6 2 0
Nebraska 21 14 0
Nevada 8 19 0
New Hampshire 12 0 0
New Jersey 24 305 0
New Mexico 9 3 0
New York 48 439 0
North Carolina 10 20 0
North Dakota 4 2 0
Ohio 82 154 0
Oklahoma 15 18 0
Oregon 11 50 0
Pennsylvania 20 28 0
Rhode Island 8 15 0
South Carolina 20 7 0
South Dakota 3 0 0
Tennessee 47 35 0
Texas 127 92 1
Utah 18 22 0
Vermont 6 1 1
Virginia 112 42 5
Washington 42 113 0
West Virginia 13 6 0
Wisconsin 3 21 0
Wyoming 1 2 0
Crimes against property
Motor
Larceny- vehicle
Participating state Robbery Burglary theft theft
Total 131 131 151 9
Alabama 0 0 0 0
Alaska 1 0 0 0
Arizona 0 1 4 0
Arkansas 0 0 0 0
California 57 25 4 0
Colorado 1 0 3 1
Connecticut 2 0 1 0
Delaware 1 0 0 0
District of Columbia 1 0 0 0
Florida 2 5 2 0
Georgia 2 2 0 0
Idaho 0 0 3 0
Illinois 2 1 1 0
Indiana 2 0 0 0
Iowa 0 2 0 0
Kansas 0 0 2 0
Kentucky 0 1 0 0
Louisiana 0 0 0 0
Maine 0 1 0 0
Maryland 3 2 0 0
Massachusetts 2 5 11 0
Michigan 2 9 30 1
Minnesota 2 2 6 0
Mississippi 0 0 0 0
Missouri 0 1 0 0
Montana 0 1 0 0
Nebraska 0 6 6 1
Nevada 2 1 0 0
New Hampshire 0 0 0 0
New Jersey 4 5 0 0
New Mexico 0 0 0 0
New York 9 9 3 0
North Carolina 3 5 3 0
North Dakota 0 0 1 0
Ohio 3 2 2 1
Oklahoma 0 2 0 0
Oregon 1 1 0 0
Pennsylvania 0 0 0 0
Rhode Island 1 1 1 0
South Carolina 0 4 10 1
South Dakota 0 0 0 0
Tennessee 0 5 4 1
Texas 22 5 6 2
Utah 0 1 3 0
Vermont 0 2 3 0
Virginia 3 14 35 1
Washington 2 2 0 0
West Virginia 1 8 7 0
Wisconsin 0 0 0 0
Wyoming 0 0 0 0
Crimes against property
Destruction/ Crimes
damage/ against
Participating state Arson vandalism Other (1) society (1)
Total 38 2,347 16 49
Alabama 0 0 0 0
Alaska 0 0 0 0
Arizona 0 81 0 0
Arkansas 0 0 0 0
California 4 409 0 0
Colorado 1 23 0 1
Connecticut 0 41 0 0
Delaware 0 5 0 0
District of Columbia 0 0 0 0
Florida 3 75 0 0
Georgia 1 5 0 0
Idaho 2 12 0 0
Illinois 2 40 0 0
Indiana 1 16 0 0
Iowa 0 27 0 0
Kansas 0 15 0 1
Kentucky 3 24 0 0
Louisiana 0 3 0 0
Maine 0 4 0 0
Maryland 0 146 0 0
Massachusetts 1 144 1 11
Michigan 1 88 3 13
Minnesota 2 60 0 0
Mississippi 0 1 0 0
Missouri 0 17 0 0
Montana 0 4 0 0
Nebraska 0 27 3 1
Nevada 0 22 0 0
New Hampshire 0 13 0 0
New Jersey 2 263 0 0
New Mexico 0 1 0 0
New York 6 230 0 0
North Carolina 0 21 0 0
North Dakota 0 8 1 1
Ohio 2 62 0 0
Oklahoma 0 18 0 0
Oregon 1 17 0 0
Pennsylvania 0 47 0 0
Rhode Island 0 11 0 0
South Carolina 0 16 2 3
South Dakota 0 0 0 0
Tennessee 2 34 0 1
Texas 2 102 2 0
Utah 0 17 1 2
Vermont 0 8 0 0
Virginia 1 117 3 13
Washington 1 48 0 0
West Virginia 0 10 0 2
Wisconsin 0 14 0 0
Wyoming 0 1 0 0
(1) Includes additional offenses collected in NIBRS.
COPYRIGHT 2002 Federal Bureau of Investigation
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group