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New seasonal adjustment factors for the establishment data series
Christopher D. ManningTwice a year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) computes and publishes projected seasonal adjustment factors used to seasonally adjust establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings data produced by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. Tables 1-6 present factors for all published series during the 8-month period, September 2002 through April 2003. Revised factors from this update have been used to seasonally adjust the September final, October second preliminary estimates, and November first preliminary estimates. As is usual practice, the annual revision of historical seasonally adjusted data will occur in June 2003, concurrent with the release of the new benchmarks. At that time, the CES program will convert to the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment. Concurrent seasonal adjustment uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current month, in developing seasonal factors. As noted above, the CES program currently projects and publishes seasonal factors twice a year. With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish projected seasonal factors for CES national series. In addition, June 2003 will mark the conversion of national nonfarm payroll series from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System.
Seasonal factors in this issue of Employment and Earnings were derived using January 1992 through October 2002 data. The September and October factors replace those published in the June 2002 issue of Employment and Earnings. Seasonally adjusted data are not published for those series with small or irregular components or both. However, these series, shown in tables 1-4, are used in aggregations of broader seasonally adjusted levels.
For employment, seasonally adjusted factors are applied directly to the 2-digit levels with various seasonally adjusted totals up through total nonfarm employment derived through aggregation of the appropriate component series. Series below the 2-digit level are independently adjusted and not used in aggregations. Seasonally adjusted total private hours estimates are weighted averages of seasonally adjusted data at the 2-digit level in manufacturing and division level for other private industries. Seasonally adjusted total private earnings estimates are weighted averages of all divisions.
BLS uses X-12 ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) software, developed by the U.S. Census Bureau, to seasonally adjust the establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings series. (1) All series are computed using multiplicative models. The X-12 ARIMA process enables BLS to refine its seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometimes referred to as the 4- versus 5-week effect.
A further refinement--the calendar effect--is made in the hours and earnings seasonal adjustment that corrects for changes in the number of weekdays in a month. This adjustment is made to all division-level hours' series in the service-producing sector and the division-level earnings' series for wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. The series to which the length-of-pay period adjustment is applied are not subject to the 4- versus 5-week adjustment, since modeling cannot support the number of variables required in the regression equation to make both adjustments.
Special adjustments for average weekly hours and average weekly overtime series also are made to account for the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period and Labor Day in the September reference period. The annual November special adjustment made for poll workers in the local government (except education) series is also part of this process.
Current seasonal adjustment factors are available on the Internet at: http://www.bls.gov/ces/cessfin.htm.
Table 1. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonfarm payrolls
by industry
Industry 2002
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total (1)
Goods-producing (1)
Mining (1)
Metal mining 1.0095 1.0121 1.0060 0.9955
Coal mining 1.0012 1.0007 1.0050 1.0074
Oil and gas extraction 1.0078 1.0096 1.0008 .9985
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 1.0386 1.0310 1.0189 .9774
Construction (1)
General building contractors 1.0245 1.0202 1.0089 .9945
Heavy construction, except building 1.0778 1.0725 1.0317 .9586
Special trade contractors 1.0332 1.0279 1.0152 .9880
Manufacturing (1)
Durable goods (1)
Lumber and wood products 1.0161 1.0096 1.0036 .9982
Furniture and fixtures .9997 .9948 .9942 .9960
Stone, clay, and glass products 1.0171 1.0127 1.0078 .9948
Primary metal industries 1.0049 1.0037 1.0018 1.0031
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products 1.0035 1.0029 1.0018 1.0035
Industrial machinery and equipment .9966 .9963 .9963 1.0000
Computer and office equipment .9973 .9976 .9962 1.0009
Electronic and other electrical
equipment .9989 .9992 .9991 1.0030
Electronic components and
accessories .9951 .9956 .9990 1.0026
Transportation equipment (3) 1.0017 .9979 1.0023 1.0063
Motor vehicles and equipment (3) 1.0033 .9948 1.0036 1.0110
Aircraft and parts 1.0052 1.0069 1.0069 1.0052
Instruments and related products .9989 .9985 .9966 .9997
Miscellaneous manufacturing 1.0026 1.0114 1.0079 1.0044
Nondurable goods (1)
Food and kindred products 1.0272 1.0194 1.0058 .9964
Tobacco products 1.0341 1.0359 1.0389 1.0534
Textile mill products 1.0085 1.0027 1.0005 1.0001
Apparel and other textile products 1.0062 1.0041 1.0052 .9948
Paper and allied products 1.0029 1.0006 1.0012 1.0044
Printing and publishing .9995 1.0025 1.0042 1.0075
Chemicals and allied products .9973 .9999 .9999 .9987
Petroleum and coal products 1.0188 1.0169 1.0021 .9871
Rubber and misc. plastics products 1.0024 1.0008 .9981 1.0001
Leather and leather products .9972 .9980 1.0163 .9966
Service-producing (1)
Transportation and public
utilities (1)
Transportation (1)
Railroad transportation 1.0023 1.0029 1.0032 1.0016
Local and interurban passenger
transit (3) 1.0167 1.0280 1.0301 1.0365
Trucking and warehousing 1.0146 1.0107 1.0063 1.0000
Water transportation 1.0319 1.0207 .9645 .9632
Transportation by air 1.0019 1.0039 1.0138 1.0355
Pipelines, except natural gas 1.0014 .9973 1.0071 1.0137
Transportation services 1.0059 1.0037 .9964 .9941
Communications and public
utilities (1) Communications 1.0032 1.0000 1.0023 .9998
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services 1.0001 1.0010 .9998 1.0005
Wholesale trade (1)
Durable goods 1.0002 1.0010 1.0008 1.0009
Nondurable goods 10,034 1.0043 1.0027 1.0022
Retail trade (1)
Building materials and garden
supplies 1.0013 .9980 .9903 .9855
General merchandise stores .9852 1.0066 1.0778 1.1062
Department stores .9858 1.0074 1.0784 1.1035
Food stores .9989 1.0039 1.0122 1.0202
Automotive dealers and service
stations 1.0054 1.0028 .9996 .9962
New and used car dealers 1.0029 1.0021 1.0002 .9976
Apparel and accessory stores .9885 .9951 1.0461 1.0838
Furniture and home furnishings
stores .9896 1.0008 1.0243 1.0435
Eating and drinking places 1.0128 .9982 .9924 .9945
Miscellaneous retail establishments .9949 1.0072 1.0343 1.0638
Finance, insurance, and real
estate (1)
Finance (1)
Depository institutions 0.9964 0.9959 0.9984 1.0008
Commercial banks .9961 .9950 .9982 1.0005
Savings institutions .9937 .9907 .9990 1.0016
Nondepository institutions .9930 .9961 1.0036 1.0062
Mortgage bankers and brokers .9935 .9949 1.0029 1.0039
Security and commodity brokers 1.0015 .9979 .9993 .9981
Holding and other investment
offices .9969 .9997 1.0046 1.0054
Insurance (1)
Insurance carriers .9978 .9978 .9983 .9990
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service 1.0001 1.0021 1.0017 1.0017
Real estate 1.0051 .9995 .9939 .9918
Services (1)
Agricultural services 1.0503 1.0359 1.0005 .9276
Hotels and other lodging places 1.0289 .9981 .9583 .9532
Personal services .9709 .9726 .9768 .9903
Business services 1.0162 1.0178 1.0116 1.0045
Services to buildings 1.0050 1.0024 .9999 .9955
Personnel supply services 1.0484 1.0469 1.0312 1.0077
Help supply services 1.0521 1.0477 1.0310 1.0062
Computer and data processing
services .9960 .9958 .9985 1.0020
Auto repair, services, and parking 1.0012 .9984 .9941 .9943
Miscellaneous repair services 1.0023 1.0055 1.0007 .9987
Motion pictures .9847 .9735 .9856 1.0023
Amusement and recreation services 1.0420 .9723 .9076 .8972
Health services .9991 1.0000 1.0013 1.0015
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors .9992 .9988 1.0006 1.0023
Nursing and personal care
facilities 1.0000 1.0006 1.0018 1.0017
Hospitals .9994 1.0003 1.0008 1.0011
Home health care services .9997 1.0029 1.0076 1.0035
Legal services .9930 .9975 1.0005 1.0014
Educational services (3) .9818 1.0627 1.0732 1.0498
Social services .9934 1.0025 1.0047 1.0044
Child day care services .9992 1.0194 1.0225 1.0196
Residential care .9957 .9982 .9990 .9992
Museums and botanical and
zoological gardens 1.0141 1.0055 .9767 .9723
Membership organizations (3) .9924 .9946 .9940 .9958
Engineering and management services .9955 .9969 .9975 .9964
Engineering and architectural
services 1.0037 1.0017 .9980 .9941
Management and public relations .9983 1.0006 1.0026 1.0006
Services, nec (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government (1)
Federal (1)
Postal Service .9965 .9963 1.0079 1.0049
Federal, except Postal Service 1.0027 .9970 .9944 .9916
State (1)
Education .9884 1.0631 1.0756 1.0546
Other State government 1.0040 .9972 .9931 .9917
Local (1)
Education .9785 1.0314 1.0485 1.0457
Other local government .9978 .9887 .9900 .9836
Industry 2003
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Total (1)
Goods-producing (1)
Mining (1)
Metal mining 0.9822 0.9818 0.9785 0.9884
Coal mining 1.0039 .9977 .9991 .9967
Oil and gas extraction .9891 .9857 .9838 .9876
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .9201 .9286 .9571 .9928
Construction (1)
General building contractors .9552 .9519 .9566 .9742
Heavy construction, except building .8590 .8664 .8933 .9701
Special trade contractors .9412 .9354 .9483 .9786
Manufacturing (1)
Durable goods (1)
Lumber and wood products .9814 .9806 .9795 .9857
Furniture and fixtures .9915 .9959 1.0007 1.0063
Stone, clay, and glass products .9627 .9690 .9802 .9945
Primary metal industries .9973 .9971 .9948 .9972
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products (2) (2) (2) (2)
Fabricated metal products .9975 .9971 .9962 .9979
Industrial machinery and equipment .9991 .9998 1.0019 1.0016
Computer and office equipment .9980 .9987 .9996 .9940
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1.0012 1.0005 1.0006 .9996
Electronic components and
accessories 1.0012 1.0007 1.0008 1.0003
Transportation equipment (3) .9959 .9934 .9964 .9988
Motor vehicles and equipment (3) .9876 .9976 .9992 1.0011
Aircraft and parts .9980 .9952 .9942 .9936
Instruments and related products .9986 .9978 .9968 .9981
Miscellaneous manufacturing .9891 .9931 .9939 .9974
Nondurable goods (1)
Food and kindred products .9872 .9828 .9815 .9815
Tobacco products 1.0293 .9998 .9731 .9622
Textile mill products .9960 .9941 .9967 .9987
Apparel and other textile products .9867 .9899 1.0000 .9974
Paper and allied products .9986 .9970 .9972 .9948
Printing and publishing .9996 .9983 .9975 .9955
Chemicals and allied products .9963 .9985 .9992 .9984
Petroleum and coal products .9611 .9677 .9790 .9925
Rubber and misc. plastics products .9966 .9982 .9984 .9995
Leather and leather products .9865 1.0011 1.0030 .9965
Service-producing (1)
Transportation and public
utilities (1)
Transportation (1)
Railroad transportation .9941 .9925 .9962 1.0008
Local and interurban passenger
transit (3) 1.0201 1.0217 1.0310 1.0259
Trucking and warehousing .9791 .9794 .9822 .9885
Water transportation .9323 .9373 .9458 .9765
Transportation by air .9927 .9859 .9859 .9863
Pipelines, except natural gas .9988 .9993 .9957 .9941
Transportation services .9830 .9904 .9965 .9974
Communications and public
utilities (1)
Communications .9963 .9969 .9975 .9977
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services .9966 .9940 .9951 .9956
Wholesale trade (1)
Durable goods .9947 .9937 .9950 .9972
Nondurable goods .9896 .9894 .9932 .9971
Retail trade (1)
Building materials and garden
supplies .9434 .9423 .9667 1.0138
General merchandise stores .9994 .9664 .9685 .9739
Department stores .9958 .9617 .9683 .9747
Food stores .9978 .9906 .9860 .9906
Automotive dealers and service
stations .9889 .9882 .9907 .9957
New and used car dealers .9948 .9961 .9974 .9979
Apparel and accessory stores .9990 .9659 .9684 .9746
Furniture and home furnishings
stores 1.0089 .9978 .9934 .9889
Eating and drinking places .9574 .9692 .9833 .9982
Miscellaneous retail establishments 1.0011 .9881 .9797 .9797
Finance, insurance, and real
estate (1)
Finance (1)
Depository institutions 1.0003 0.9980 0.9986 0.9971
Commercial banks .9998 .9975 .9976 .9974
Savings institutions 1.0057 1.0003 1.0035 .9984
Nondepository institutions 1.0023 1.0037 1.0009 .9990
Mortgage bankers and brokers .9981 .9979 .9975 1.0007
Security and commodity brokers .9936 .9929 .9942 .9980
Holding and other investment
offices .9949 1.0038 1.0006 .9990
Insurance (1)
Insurance carriers .9984 .9982 .9999 .9990
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service .9963 .9983 1.0001 .9965
Real estate .9809 .9791 .9814 .9924
Services (1)
Agricultural services .8619 .8593 .9021 1.0119
Hotels and other lodging places .9369 .9484 .9619 .9754
Personal services 1.0393 1.0575 1.0546 1.0539
Business services .9769 .9788 .9854 .9898
Services to buildings .9859 .9874 .9909 .9983
Personnel supply services .9380 .9420 .9631 .9748
Help supply services .9317 .9326 .9616 .9733
Computer and data processing
services 1.0019 1.0015 1.0022 .9999
Auto repair, services, and parking .9912 .9977 .9987 1.0004
Miscellaneous repair services .9908 .9899 .9937 .9987
Motion pictures .9954 .9948 .9979 .9960
Amusement and recreation services .8644 .8791 .9075 .9811
Health services .9975 .9977 .9987 .9980
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors .9983 .9974 .9978 .9977
Nursing and personal care
facilities .9973 .9973 .9990 .9979
Hospitals .9988 .9987 .9991 .9974
Home health care services .9970 .9939 .9999 .9997
Legal services .9954 .9933 .9936 .9919
Educational services (3) .9677 1.0552 1.0601 1.0602
Social services .9956 1.0011 1.0043 1.0062
Child day care services 1.0125 1.0169 1.0235 1.0280
Residential care .9966 .9965 .9976 .9975
Museums and botanical and
zoological gardens .9126 .9113 .9406 .9815
Membership organizations (3) .9859 .9918 .9954 .9951
Engineering and management services .9933 .9988 1.0026 1.0014
Engineering and architectural
services .9912 .9873 .9896 .9907
Management and public relations .9910 .9933 .9958 .9974
Services, nec (2) (2) (2) (2)
Government (1)
Federal (1)
Postal Service .9902 .9964 .9963 .9954
Federal, except Postal Service .9917 .9944 .9972 .9988
State (1)
Education .9781 1.0569 1.0701 1.0692
Other State government .9919 .9932 .9943 .9962
Local (1)
Education 1.0185 1.0448 1.0535 1.0469
Other local government .9766 .9780 .9813 .9840
(1) Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
(2) Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision,
(3) No adjustment was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs.
5-week interval between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 2002 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.
Table 2. Seasonal adjustment factors for women employees on nonfarm
payrolls by industry
Industry 2002
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total (1)
Goods-producing (1)
Mining 0.9992 1.0067 1.0006 1.0020
Construction 1.0158 1.0138 1.0048 .9924
Manufacturing (1)
Durable goods (1)
Lumber and wood products 1.0109 1.0077 1.0068 1.0009
Furniture and fixtures .9989 .9910 .9939 .9994
Stone, clay, and glass products 1.0050 1.0093 1.0083 1.0098
Primary metal industries 1.0058 1.0025 1.0013 1.0029
Fabricated metal products 1.0019 1.0018 1.0025 1.0045
Industrial machinery and equipment .9918 .9952 .9958 1.0002
Electronic and other electrical
equipment .9973 .9982 1.0015 1.0046
Transportation equipment (2) 1.0043 1.0004 1.0038 1.0050
Instruments and related products (3) (3) (3) (3)
Miscellaneous manufacturing 1.0069 1.0155 1.0099 1.0064
Nondurable goods (1)
Food and kindred products 1.0406 1.0274 1.0104 1.0012
Tobacco products 1.0597 1.0464 1.0634 1.0769
Textile mill products 1.0100 1.0050 1.0054 .9967
Apparel and other textile products 1.0045 1.0086 1.0087 1.0005
Paper and allied products 1.0052 1.0025 1.0054 1.0051
Printing and publishing 1.0000 1.0055 1.0075 1.0093
Chemicals and allied products .9989 1.0005 1.0005 .9966
Petroleum and coal products 1.0153 1.0095 1.0020 .9856
Rubber and misc. plastics products 1.0049 1.0040 1.0024 1.0022
Leather and leather products 1.0100 1.0057 1.0077 .9979
Service-producing (1)
Transportation and public utilities 1.0098 1.0070 1.0070 1.0085
Wholesale trade 1.0024 1.0014 1.0041 1.0047
Retail trade 1.0017 1.0038 1.0239 1.0381
Finance, insurance, and reel estate .9977 .9967 .9989 1.0000
Services 1.0016 1.0063 1.0035 1.0005
Government (1)
Federal 1.0040 1.0000 1.0027 1.0048
State .9961 1.0265 1.0296 1.0211
Local .9869 1.0233 1.0363 1.0295
Industry 2003
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Total (1)
Goods-producing (1)
Mining 0.9899 0.9855 0.9807 0.9871
Construction .9749 .9675 .9744 .9862
Manufacturing (1)
Durable goods (1)
Lumber and wood products .9871 .9836 .9822 .9869
Furniture and fixtures .9942 .9946 .9975 1.0095
Stone, clay, and glass products .9908 .9885 .9902 .9978
Primary metal industries 1.0007 .9985 .9982 .9953
Fabricated metal products .9992 .9956 .9958 .9980
Industrial machinery and equipment 1.0007 1.0012 1.0025 1.0035
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1.0023 1.0011 .9998 .9998
Transportation equipment (2) .9919 .9919 .9939 .9959
Instruments and related products (3) (3) (3) (3)
Miscellaneous manufacturing .9834 .9886 .9912 .9938
Nondurable goods (1)
Food and kindred products .9807 .9749 .9715 .9730
Tobacco products 1.0599 1.0154 .9698 .9475
Textile mill products .9879 .9898 .9962 .9964
Apparel and other textile products .9875 .9950 1.0035 .9988
Paper and allied products .9945 .9912 .9922 .9885
Printing and publishing .9981 .9944 .9954 .9931
Chemicals and allied products .9908 .9980 .9995 .9989
Petroleum and coal products .9764 .9692 .9754 .9822
Rubber and misc. plastics products .9952 .9940 .9949 .9983
Leather and leather products .9866 .9924 1.0039 .9872
Service-producing (1)
Transportation and public utilities .9941 .9944 .9942 .9953
Wholesale trade .9939 .9941 .9963 .9968
Retail trade .9818 .9730 .9763 .9851
Finance, insurance, and reel estate .9964 .9968 .9979 .9982
Services .9853 .9930 .9982 1.0019
Government (1)
Federal .9949 .9911 .9944 .9962
State .9869 1.0233 1.0307 1.0326
Local 1.0120 1.0285 1.0334 1.0299
(1) Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
(2) No adjustment was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs.
5-week interval between surveys.
(3) Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 2002 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.
Table 3. Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory
workers (1) on nonfarm payrolls by industry
Industry 2002
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total private (2)
Goods-producing (2)
Mining 1.0175 1.0145 1.0073 0.9951
Construction 1.0463 1.0388 1.0184 .9790
Manufacturing (2)
Durable goods (2)
Lumber and wood products 1.0204 1.0120 1.0046 .9952
Furniture and fixtures .9986 .9948 .9908 .9966
Stone, clay, and glass products 1.0215 1.0151 1.0081 .9900
Primary metal industries 1.0070 1.0053 1.0020 1.0046
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products (3) (3) (3) (3)
Fabricated metal products 1.0058 1.0034 1.0034 1.0036
Industrial machinery and equipment .9957 .9960 .9950 1.0008
Electronic and other electrical
equipment .9977 .9987 1.0015 1.0047
Transportation equipment (4) 1.0015 .9975 1.0050 1.0081
Motor vehicles and equipment (4) 1.0016 .9949 1.0066 1.0130
Instruments and related products (3) (3) (3) (3)
Miscellaneous manufacturing 1.0071 1.0170 1.0129 1.0053
Nondurable goods (2)
Food and kindred products 1.0346 1.0261 1.0071 .9950
Tobacco products 1.0596 1.0481 1.0515 1.0690
Textile mill products 1.0123 1.0066 1.0020 .9990
Apparel and other textile products 1.0107 1.0047 1.0030 .9928
Paper and allied products 1.0048 1.0011 .9997 1.0035
Printing and publishing 1.0015 1.0040 1.0057 1.0107
Chemicals and allied products .9976 .9997 1.0022 .9979
Petroleum and coal products 1.0246 1.0198 1.0027 .9804
Rubber and misc. plastics products 1.0022 1.0001 .9988 .9991
Leather and leather products 1.0037 1.0083 1.0188 .9942
Service-producing (2)
Transportation and public utilities 1.0086 1.0087 1.0086 1.0087
Wholesale trade 1.0015 1.0026 1.0024 1.0011
Retail trade 1.0002 1.0009 1.0190 1.0321
Finance, insurance, and real estate .9978 .9972 .9962 .9981
Services 1.0044 1.0063 1.0011 .9955
Industry 2003
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Total private (2)
Goods-producing (2)
Mining 0.9729 0.9659 0.9768 0.9886
Construction .9197 .9160 .9352 .9725
Manufacturing (2)
Durable goods (2)
Lumber and wood products .9770 .9765 .9773 .9832
Furniture and fixtures .9919 .9941 1.0009 1.0089
Stone, clay, and glass products .9584 .9645 .9789 .9957
Primary metal industries .9972 .9979 .9946 .9979
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products (3) (3) (3) (3)
Fabricated metal products .9971 .9973 .9961 .9983
Industrial machinery and equipment .9998 1.0004 1.0025 1.0033
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1.0016 1.0012 1.0013 .9997
Transportation equipment (4) .9842 .9941 .9985 1.0026
Motor vehicles and equipment (4) .9835 .9985 1.0013 1.0056
Instruments and related products (3) (3) (3) (3)
Miscellaneous manufacturing .9847 .9909 .9938 .9968
Nondurable goods (2)
Food and kindred products .9836 .9817 .9770 .9769
Tobacco products 1.0546 1.0100 .9716 .9493
Textile mill products .9888 .9880 .9965 .9983
Apparel and other textile products .9864 .9897 1.0018 .9981
Paper and allied products .9987 .9963 .9959 .9939
Printing and publishing .9976 .9949 .9948 .9952
Chemicals and allied products .9968 1.0006 1.0028 .9999
Petroleum and coal products .9505 .9558 .9719 .9955
Rubber and misc. plastics products .9951 .9965 .9989 1.0003
Leather and leather products .9823 1.0026 1.0062 .9924
Service-producing (2)
Transportation and public utilities .9905 .9886 .9907 .9938
Wholesale trade .9921 .9909 .9928 .9961
Retail trade .9800 .9742 .9795 .9891
Finance, insurance, and real estate .9927 .9927 .9943 .9958
Services .9763 .9860 .9931 1.0002
(1) Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade;
finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
(2) Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
(3) Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(4) No adjustment was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs.
5-week interval between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 2002 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.
Table 4. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of
production or nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry
Industry 2002
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total private (2)
Goods-producing (2)
Mining 1.0103 1.0063 0.9958 1.0047
Construction 1.0190 1.0150 .9951 .9832
Manufacturing (2)
Durable goods (2)
Lumber and wood products 1.0139 1.0067 1.0027 .9978
Furniture and fixtures 1.0161 .9992 1.0012 1.0136
Stone, clay, and glass products 1.0277 1.0113 1.0050 .9918
Primary metal industries 1.0073 .9985 1.0079 1.0160
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products (3) 1.0092 .9942 1.0088 .9967
Fabricated metal products 1.0064 1.0038 1.0098 1.0236
Industrial machinery and equipment 1.0033 .9983 1.0059 1.0178
Electronic and other electrical
equipment 1.0113 1.0055 1.0124 1.0222
Transportation equipment 1.0117 1.0049 1.0079 1.0213
Motor vehicles and equipment 1.0165 1.0014 1.0044 1.0205
Instruments and related products 1.0008 1.0000 1.0066 1.0175
Miscellaneous manufacturing 1.0009 1.0009 1.0013 1.0093
Nondurable goods (2)
Food and kindred products 1.0248 1.0137 1.0147 1.0133
Tobacco products 1.0079 1.0042 1.0037 1.0156
Textile mill products 1.0081 .9940 1.0022 1.0094
Apparel and other textile products .9951 .9944 1.0021 1.0113
Paper and allied products (4) 1.0158 1.0060 1.0110 1.0164
Printing and publishing 1.0128 1.0050 1.0151 1.0146
Chemicals and allied products (3) 1.0076 .9992 1.0030 1.0112
Petroleum and coal products (5) (5) (5) (5)
Rubber and misc. plastics products 1.0076 1.0001 1.0020 1.0181
Leather and leather products 1.0031 1.0043 1.0069 1.0013
Service-producing (2)
Transportation and public
utilities (6) 1.0114 .9974 .9966 1.0123
Wholesale trades 1.0105 .9959 1.0007 1.0107
Retail trade (3,6) 1.0032 .9932 .9877 1.0120
Finance, insurance, and real
estate (3,6) 1.0180 .9942 .9952 1.0185
Services (5) 1.0043 .9972 .9977 1.0066
Industry 2003
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Total private (2)
Goods-producing (2)
Mining 0.9815 0.9839 0.9890 0.9985
Construction .9650 .9781 .9838 .9928
Manufacturing (2)
Durable goods (2)
Lumber and wood products .9750 .9828 .9932 .9990
Furniture and fixtures .9880 .9918 .9998 .9957
Stone, clay, and glass products .9668 .9717 .9796 .9963
Primary metal industries .9997 .9917 .9954 1.0009
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products (3) .9980 .9902 .9950 1.0011
Fabricated metal products .9935 .9910 .9967 .9948
Industrial machinery and equipment .9982 .9969 1.0051 .9989
Electronic and other electrical
equipment .9988 .9945 1.0005 .9927
Transportation equipment .9910 .9897 1.0020 1.0056
Motor vehicles and equipment .9827 .9905 1.0031 1.0174
Instruments and related products .9962 1.0010 1.0042 .9939
Miscellaneous manufacturing .9818 .9959 1.0071 1.0029
Nondurable goods (2)
Food and kindred products .9909 .9813 .9840 .9834
Tobacco products .9879 .9697 .9848 .9956
Textile mill products .9973 .9936 1.0032 1.0073
Apparel and other textile products .9885 .9973 1.0035 1.0050
Paper and allied products (4) .9995 .9868 .9931 .9947
Printing and publishing .9894 .9902 1.0038 .9935
Chemicals and allied products (3) .9996 .9943 .9971 .9975
Petroleum and coal products (5) (5) (5) (5)
Rubber and misc. plastics products .9947 .9944 .9996 .9996
Leather and leather products .9881 .9940 .9975 1.0048
Service-producing (2)
Transportation and public
utilities (6) .9881 .9978 .9929 .9913
Wholesale trades .9899 1.0020 1.0016 .9965
Retail trade (3,6) .9709 .9940 .9929 .9901
Finance, insurance, and real
estate (3,6) .9922 1.0195 1.0113 .9922
Services (5) .9892 1.0046 1.0042 .9944
(1) Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade;
finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
(2) Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
(3) No moving-holiday adjustment was done for April or September
because there was no evidence of significant effects associated with
the relative timing of Easter or Labor Day, respectively, and the
reference period of the payroll survey.
(4) No moving-holiday adjustment was done for September
because there was no evidence of significant effects associated with
the relative timing of Labor Day and the reference period of the
payroll survey.
(5) Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
(6) An adjustment was made to control for the distortions related to
the varying length of payroll periods across months. No adjustment
was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs. 5-week interval
between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 2002 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.
Table 5. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours
of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry 2002
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Manufacturing (1)
Durable goods 1.0845 1.0084 1.0347 1.0712
Nondurable goods 1.1185 1.0571 1.0520 1.0362
Industry 2003
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Manufacturing (1)
Durable goods 0.9406 0.9294 0.9816 0.9712
Nondurable goods .9423 .9015 .9563 .9287
(1) Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published in the
June 2002 issue of this publication. All factors are multiplicative.
Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing the original value
by the corresponding seasonal factor.
Table 6. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of
production or nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
Industry 2002
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Total private (2)
Goods-producing (2)
Mining 0.9987 0.9991 0.9954 1.0037
Construction 1.0064 1.0076 1.0032 1.0045
Manufacturing 1.0030 .9989 1.0025 1.0063
Excluding overtime .9985 .9975 1.0009 1.0042
Service-producing (2)
Transportation and public utilities 1.0025 1.0001 1.0007 1.0016
Wholesale trade (3) 1.0042 .9977 1.0006 1.0068
Retail trade 1.0052 1.0022 1.0009 1.0004
Finance, insurance, and real
estate (3) 1.0024 .9975 .9982 1.0053
Services (3) 1.0014 .9997 1.0041 1.0121
Industry 2003
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Total private (2)
Goods-producing (2)
Mining 1.0070 1.0024 1.0014 1.0021
Construction .9996 .9935 .9961 .9957
Manufacturing 1.0014 .9985 .9982 1.0007
Excluding overtime 1.0035 1.0011 .9997 1.0027
Service-producing (2)
Transportation and public utilities 1.0036 1.0030 .9991 1.0034
Wholesale trade (3) 1.0024 1.0019 1.0010 1.0005
Retail trade 1.0078 1.0035 1.0027 1.0022
Finance, insurance, and real
estate (3) 1.0005 1.0104 1.0097 1.0024
Services (3) 1.0089 1.0105 1.0083 1.0020
(1) Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade;
finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
(2) Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
(3) An adjustment was made to control for the distortions related to
the varying length of payroll periods across months. No adjustment
was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs. 5-week interval
between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 2002 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2001 2002
Category
Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional
population 212,767 212,927 213,089 213,206
Civilian labor force 142,279 142,314 141,390 142,211
Percent of population 66.9 66.8 66.4 66.7
Employed 134,253 134,055 133,468 134,319
Percent of population 63.1 63.0 62.6 63.0
Unemployed 8,026 8,259 7,922 7,891
Not in labor force 70,488 70,613 71,699 70,995
Unemployment rates
All workers 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.5
Men, 20 years and over 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0
Women, 20 years and over 4.9 5.2 4.8 5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 15.7 16.2 16.1 15.6
White 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9
Black 9.9 10.2 9.8 9.6
Hispanic origin 7.4 7.9 8.1 7.1
2002
Category
Mar. Apr. May
Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional
population 213,334 213,492 213,658
Civilian labor force 142,005 142,570 142,769
Percent of population 66.6 66.8 66.8
Employed 133,894 133,976 134,417
Percent of population 62.8 62.8 62.9
Unemployed 8,111 8,594 8,351
Not in labor force 71,329 70,922 70,889
Unemployment rates
All workers 5.7 6.0 5.8
Men, 20 years and over 5.2 5.4 5.2
Women, 20 years and over 5.0 5.4 5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 16.4 16.8 16.9
White 5.0 5.3 5.2
Black 10.7 11.2 10.2
Hispanic origin 7.3 7.9 7.0
2002
Category
June July Aug.
Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional
population 213,842 214,023 214,225
Civilian labor force 142,476 142,390 142,616
Percent of population 66.6 66.5 66.6
Employed 134,053 134,045 134,474
Percent of population 62.7 62.6 62.8
Unemployed 8,424 8,345 8,142
Not in labor force 71,366 71,633 71,609
Unemployment rates
All workers 5.9 5.9 5.7
Men, 20 years and over 5.4 5.2 5.2
Women, 20 years and over 5.1 5.2 4.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 17.6 17.7 17.2
White 5.2 5.3 5.1
Black 10.7 9.9 9.6
Hispanic origin 7.4 7.6 7.5
2002
Category
Sept. Oct. Nov.
Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional
population 214,429 214,643 214,819
Civilian labor force 143,277 143,123 142,733
Percent of population 66.8 66.7 66.4
Employed 135,185 134,914 134,225
Percent of population 63.0 62.9 62.5
Unemployed 8,092 8,209 8,508
Not in labor force 71,152 71,519 72,087
Unemployment rates
All workers 5.6 5.7 6.0
Men, 20 years and over 5.2 5.2 5.7
Women, 20 years and over 4.9 5.2 5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 15.7 14.6 16.8
White 5.1 5.1 5.2
Black 9.6 9.8 11.0
Hispanic origin 7.4 7.8 7.8
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2001 2002
Industry Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
Employment
Total 131,087 130,890 130,871 130,706
Total private 109,987 109,768 109,734 109,544
Goods-producing industries 24,353 24,261 24,130 24,041
Mining 566 565 568 564
Construction 6,629 6,634 6,615 6,597
Manufacturing 17,158 17,062 16,947 16,880
Service-producing industries 106,734 106,629 106,741 106,665
Transportation and public
utilities 6,907 6,856 6,850 6,837
Wholesale trade 6,693 6,702 6,702 6,689
Retail trade 23,449 23,318 23,396 23,331
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 7,751 7,748 7,748 7,745
Services 40,834 40,883 40,908 40,901
Government 21,100 21,122 21,137 21,162
Over-the-month change
Total -327 -197 -91 -165
Total private -362 -219 -34 -190
Goods-producing industries -158 -92 -131 -89
Mining 0 -1 3 -4
Construction -14 5 -19 -18
Manufacturing -144 -96 -115 -67
Service-producing industries -169 -105 112 -76
Transportation and public
utilities -67 -51 -6 -13
Wholesale trade -35 9 0 -13
Retail trade -21 -131 78 -65
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 8 -3 0 -3
Services -89 49 25 -7
Government 35 22 15 25
Hours of work (1)
Total private (c) 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.2
Manufacturing 40.4 40.6 40.6 40.7
Overtime 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982=100) (1)
Total private (c) 148.1 148.1 148.0 148.1
Manufacturing 93.8 93.6 93.0 92.8
Earnings (1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars (c) $14.51 $14.55 $14.58 $14.61
Constant (1982) dollars (c) 8.09 8.14 8.14 8.13
Average weekly earnings, total
private (c) 494.79 496.16 497.18 499.66
2002
Industry Mar. Apr. May
Employment
Total 130,701 130,680 130,702
Total private 109,505 109,495 109,496
Goods-producing industries 23,975 23,905 23,870
Mining 560 564 558
Construction 6,593 6,541 6,541
Manufacturing 16,822 16,800 16,771
Service-producing industries 106,726 106,775 106,832
Transportation and public
utilities 6,814 6,799 6,793
Wholesale trade 6,681 6,678 6,681
Retail trade 23,332 23,345 23,327
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 7,740 7,743 7,732
Services 40,963 41,025 41,093
Government 21,196 21,185 21,206
Over-the-month change
Total -5 -21 22
Total private -39 -10 1
Goods-producing industries -66 -70 -35
Mining -4 4 -6
Construction -4 -52 0
Manufacturing -58 -22 -29
Service-producing industries 61 49 57
Transportation and public
utilities -23 -15 -6
Wholesale trade -8 -3 3
Retail trade 1 13 -18
Finance, insurance, and
real estate -5 3 -11
Services 62 62 68
Government 34 -11 21
Hours of work (1)
Total private (c) 34.2 34.2 34.2
Manufacturing 41.0 40.9 40.9
Overtime 4.1 4.2 4.2
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982=100) (1)
Total private (c) 148.0 148.0 148.0
Manufacturing 93 92.9 92.8
Earnings (1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars (c) $14.64 $14.66 $14.69
Constant (1982) dollars (c) 8.12 8.09 8.11
Average weekly earnings, total
private (c) 500.69 501.37 502.40
2002
Industry June July Aug.
Employment
Total 130,736 130,790 130,913
Total private 109,525 109,562 109,624
Goods-producing industries 23,861 23,812 23,801
Mining 555 551 555
Construction 6,549 6,519 6,556
Manufacturing 16,757 16,742 16,690
Service-producing industries 106,875 106,978 107,112
Transportation and public
utilities 6,790 6,780 6,765
Wholesale trade 6,681 6,679 6,671
Retail trade 23,308 23,339 23,295
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 7,733 7,737 7,745
Services 41,152 41,215 41,347
Government 21,211 21,228 21,289
Over-the-month change
Total 34 54 123
Total private 29 37 62
Goods-producing industries -9 -49 -11
Mining -3 -4 4
Construction 8 -30 37
Manufacturing -14 -15 -52
Service-producing industries 43 103 134
Transportation and public
utilities -3 -10 -15
Wholesale trade 0 -2 -6
Retail trade -19 31 -44
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 1 4 8
Services 59 63 132
Government 5 17 61
Hours of work (1)
Total private (c) 34.3 34.0 34.1
Manufacturing 41.1 40.7 40.9
Overtime 4.3 4.0 4.2
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982=100) (1)
Total private (c) 148.4 147.4 147.9
Manufacturing 93.2 92.3 92.5
Earnings (1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars (c) $14.74 $14.76 $14.83
Constant (1982) dollars (c) 8.13 8.13 8.14
Average weekly earnings, total
private (c) 505.58 501.84 505.70
2002
Industry Sept. Oct. (p) Nov. (p)
Employment
Total 130,829 130,915 130,875
Total private 109,536 109,569 109,521
Goods-producing industries 23,748 23,694 23,643
Mining 552 553 551
Construction 6,556 6,545 6,541
Manufacturing 16,640 16,596 16,551
Service-producing industries 107,081 107,221 107,232
Transportation and public
utilities 6,725 6,726 6,716
Wholesale trade 6,663 6,657 6,652
Retail trade 23,291 23,292 23,253
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 7,773 7,814 7,821
Services 41,336 41,386 41,436
Government 21,293 21,346 21,354
Over-the-month change
Total -84 86 -40
Total private -88 33 -48
Goods-producing industries -53 -54 -51
Mining -3 1 -2
Construction 0 -11 -4
Manufacturing -50 -44 -45
Service-producing industries -31 140 11
Transportation and public
utilities -40 1 -10
Wholesale trade -8 -6 -5
Retail trade -4 1 -39
Finance, insurance, and
real estate 28 41 7
Services -11 50 50
Government 4 53 8
Hours of work (1)
Total private (c) 34.2 34.2 34.2
Manufacturing 40.8 40.7 40.7
Overtime 4.1 4.1 4.1
Indexes of aggregate weekly
hours (1982=100) (1)
Total private (c) 148.3 148.1 148.1
Manufacturing 91.9 91.4 91.0
Earnings (1)
Average hourly earnings,
total private:
Current dollars (c) $14.85 $14.89 $14.93
Constant (1982) dollars (c) 8.14 8.14 N.A.
Average weekly earnings, total
private (c) 507.87 509.24 510.61
(1) Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
(2) The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.
N.A. = not available.
(p) = preliminary.
(c) = corrected. See editor's note for additional information.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates currently reflect March 2001
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced
with the release of May 2003 estimates, all data will be converted
to the North American Industry Classification System. See editor's
note on the first page of this publication for additional information.
[GRAPHICS OMITTED]