摘要：Michael Polanyi was perhaps the most important emergence theorist of the middle of the 20th century. As
the key link between the British Emergentists of the 1920s and the explosion of emergence theory in the
1990s, he played a crucial role in resisting reductionist interpretations of science and keeping the concept
of emergence alive. Polanyi’s position on emergence is described and its major strengths and weaknesses
are analyzed. Using Polanyi as the foundation, the article surveys the major contemporary options in the
philosophy of mind and defends a particular understanding of the relationship of mental properties to
brain states.
关键词：Polanyi, Michael; emergence theory; philosophy of mind; British Emergentism;
reductionism; non-reductive physicalism; substance dualism; radical-kind emergence.
