摘要：Inappropriately reductive or deterministic appropriations of science haunt Philip Clayton’s otherwise
instructive appropriation of Michael Polanyi’s thought for theological and ethical reflection. The work at hand
utilizes contemporary complexity theory to augment Polanyi’s notions of emergence and hierarchy and to
provide a vision within which moral responsibility and theological inquiry make sense. It sets forth types and
orders of emergence that bypass untenable notions of causality, reducibility, and determinism.
关键词：Michael Polanyi, Philip Clayton, emergence, causality, supervenience, selforganizing
systems, part-whole relationships, properties, boundary conditions, epistemological and ontological
hierarchies, complexity theory.
