摘要：The alpine populations of Dauphiné have evolved in a relative containment since the antique period until the Middle Ages. During a long interval from the 13th till the 20th century, the historians propose the fact that the surnames carried by the mountain dwellers are found specifically in each alpine valley. These observations give rise to think that, in the Alps, the settlement of origin evolved according to a mode of speciations. In this study 80000 marriages are observed, in a hundred communities. During more than 400 years, several indices of biodemography are estimated. The matrimonial exchanges, which are termed here as “migrations”, are also measured. For the choice of the spouse, the alpine ones privilege the proximity: 3/5 of the unions are realized between persons from the same parish and 90% between people of the same moutain mass. On the other hand, the inter-moutain masses exchanges are negligible, less than 2%. In spite of a strong repeated geographical endogamy, the level of relationship is not important. As for the ecosystem, each parameter interacts specifically. The relationship depend of altitude; the geographical endogamy is more correlated with surface and the patronymic diversity with geographical isolation.
Aujourd’hui l’on s’accorde pour admettre que jusqu’au dix-huitième siècle, les regards portés sur les Alpes, que ce soient ceux de la société globale ou ceux de la société locale, les faisaient considérer comme un ensemble de mauvais pays où manquaient la vigne et le froment, les deux piliers de la richesse rurale. Si l’on ajoute à cela que la circulation était toujours difficile et parfois dangereuse l’on comprend mieux que les Alpes n’aient pendant longtemps inspiré qu’indifférence ou crainte. Jean-
