摘要：A decade ago, under the umbrella of the “Human Revolution” paradigm, the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe and the replacement of Neandertals by modern humans (hereafter the Transition) tended to be portrayed as one and the same straightforward story. A fairly typical short-hand version of the narrative is that which could be found between 2002 and 2005 in the web page of one (randomly selected) British academic institution:
