出版社：SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati
摘要：The usual path integral formulation for scalar particles at finite density involves a sign problem,
making numerical simulation impractical. We present alternative methods free of this difficulty.
We apply these approaches to |f |4 theory in 2+1 dimensions, presenting preliminary numerical
results for physical quantities in the vicinity of the phase transition in the T −m plane.
