摘要：At the end of the sixth century B.C.E., the city state of Rome underwent a major political upheaval. Fed up with the cruelty of their seventh and last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the Roman people expelled him from the city. They then replaced the detested monarchy with a republican form of government, one committed to the principle of freedom–libertas–and relying, at least in principle, on the participation of the entire citizenry in public life. But the republic was immediately in peril. Neighboring Latin cities united against it, and the Romans took a drastic step: The appointment of a dictator.1
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