摘要:Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a major public health and medical problem. Overall, substance abuse accounts for 1 in 4 deaths in the United States each year, and results in more lives lost, illnesses, disabilities, and family and workplace disruptions than any other preventable condition [1]. This takes a huge toll on the health and safety of individuals and communities and places enormous, often unrecognized, burdens on health care.