摘要：Forest Protection Situation 2007 in Austria
The year 2007 was characterized by more than 10 million
m3 of damaged wood, thrown or broken by hurricanes and
snow. In addition, extreme weather conditions weakened
the forests and favoured bark beetle outbreaks. The
warmest January since weather recording, a very dry April
and hot July with temperature maxima up to 40 °C led to
early bark beetle flight activity and drought damage of
beech in the eastern parts of Austria. Intensive bark beetle
management and sufficient breeding material decreased
the amount of wood damaged by bark beetles down to
2,14 million m3. An increase of damages was observed by
Taphrorychus bicolor, Agrilus sp., Ips cembrae and the
whole bark beetle complex on pine. In 2007, caterpillars
were of no significance.
As regards fungi, Dothistroma-needle-cast could be observed,
together with Lophodermium-needle-cast on Pinus
cembra, and Chrysomyxa rhododendri on spruce in alpine
regions in the Southeast of Austria. In spruce forestations,
dieback of young shoots caused by Sirococcus conigenus
has increased. Dieback of ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) of
all age classes has increased in many parts of Austria.
Chalara fraxinea seems to be one major factor.
In Vienna, severe damage byMassaria platani on branches
of plane trees was detected.We also noticed an interesting
increase of Leptoglossus occidentalis in and around Vienna,
a bug native to USA, which was first recorded in Italy
around 1999. Besides Kabatina-needle-cast (Kabatina abietis),
Herpotrichia sp. and Armillaria sp., gall midges were
the most important damaging factors in Christmas trees
plantations. In normal forestations but also in energy plantations
problems with a high mouse population were increasingly
reported
关键词：Forest health situation, Austria, abiotic damage,
pests, diseases
