Introduction
The growing epidemic of childhood obesity has led to
an increasing focus on strategies for prevention. However, little is known about
attitudes and perceptions toward weight, diet, and physical activity among
American youth, and particularly among young African American females. This
pilot study sought to qualitatively explore cultural attitudes and perceptions
toward body image, food, and physical activity among a sample of overweight
African American girls.
Methods
We recruited 12 overweight girls, aged 12 to 18 years, from
a hospital-based pediatric diabetes screening and prevention program. Five
semistructured group interviews were conducted to explore attitudes on weight,
diet, and physical activity. Sessions averaged 1 hour and were conducted by
trained interviewers. Data were transcribed and evaluated for content and
relevant themes.
Results
The following themes emerged: weight and body size
preferences were primarily determined by the individual and her immediate social
circle and were less influenced by opinions of those outside of the social
circle; food choices depended on texture, taste, appearance, and context more
than on nutritional value; engagement in recreational physical activity was
influenced by time constraints from school and extracurricular activities and by
neighborhood safety; participation in structured exercise was limited because of
the cost and time related to maintenance of personal aesthetics (hair and
nails); and celebrities were not perceived as role models for diet and physical
activity habits.
Conclusion
In this sample of girls, the findings imply that
perceptions of weight and healthy lifestyle behaviors are largely determined by
environmental and personal influences. These factors should be considered in the
development of healthy-weight interventions for African American girls.