期刊名称：Western Australia. Fisheries Department. Fisheries Research Reports
印刷版ISSN：1035-4549
出版年度：2008
卷号：178
页码：408-408
出版社：Government of Western Australia / Department of Fisheries
摘要：In this study we have examined the effect of the lupin alkaloid, gramine, when included in
a feed for the black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon. Alkaloids are generally classified as
anti-nutritional factors that can limit the use of legumes in aquaculture feeds. Gramine is the
predominant alkaloid in the Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus), but is present at very low levels in
the Australian cultivar Wodjil. Therefore, Wodjil is more susceptible to aphid damage, and so
plant breeders are interested in increasing its gramine content to provide better protection for
the crop. The rate of leaching loss of gramine from feeds was determined, and dose-response
studies was carried with juvenile P. monodon to determine the effect of dietary gramine content
on feeding behaviour, feed intake, growth rate, survival and digestive gland histology. Gramine
leached from the feeds quite rapidly with about 20% of the gramine lost in the first hour. High
levels of gramine significantly reduced feed intake in the first 15 min after distribution of the
feed. However, thereafter over the 6 h that were closely monitored, feed intake did not appear
to be different across treatments. The daily feed intake, growth rate and survival of the prawns
was not affected by the concentration of gramine in the feed over the range of concentrations
examined (0 to 902 mg/kg of feed, as used). In addition, no histological changes in the digestive
gland of the prawns in response to the gramine content of the feed were observed. It is highly
unlikely that commercial feeds using a 30% inclusion of Australian-produced lupin kernel
meals would exceed the maximum level tested in this study. These data indicate that there
is significant scope for plant breeders to increase the gramine levels in the Yellow lupin, cv.
Wodjil from its current very low level to levels that will provide much better protection against
aphids, without compromising the nutritional value of the kernel meal.
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