摘要：Vocalizations and tadpole of Leptodactylus spixi Heyer, 1983 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae).
Acoustical parameters and/or tadpoles morphology together with the adult morphology have been used to
resolve taxonomic problems in anuran amphibians. So, the knowledge of the larval morphology and of the
behavioral and ecological aspects are important components as well as the traditional morphology analysis.
Herein, we described the vocalizations and the tadpole (external morphology and internal oral features) of
Leptodactylus spixi Heyer, 1983, species that belongs to the Leptodactylus fuscus group. The advertisement call
is a harmonic single note, not pulsed, with a mean duration of 120ms, mean repetition rate of 90 calls/min, and
an ascendant frequency modulation ranging from 522 to 2033Hz. The dominant frequency corresponds to the
fundamental one, presenting a mean value of 1634Hz. All advertisement calls of the species of the L. fuscus
group present an ascendant frequency modulation. We identified three different patterns of advertisement call in
this group: pulsed calls, a weak modulation whistle, and a strong modulation whistle. The aggressive call is
formed by a series of pulsed notes with harmonic structure. Each note presents median duration of 1317ms and
dominant frequency of 1445.7Hz, that corresponds to the second harmonic. The tadpole of L. spixi is very similar
in morphology, color, and internal oral features (number and structures of bucal floor and roof) when compared
to the other tadpoles of the L. fuscus group. The labial tooth row of the tadpole of L. spixi is 2(2)/3.
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