摘要：The El Ni.o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
dominates modern climate variability and
considerable eff ort has been invested in
reconstructing its history. Much of this effort
has focused on the Holocene for two
important reasons: (1) Holocene boundary
conditions have been similar to present-day
(the orbital confi guration being an important
exception) providing a useful analog
for long-term ENSO dynamics in an interglacial
climate; and (2) a growing number
of studies indicate signifi cant Holocene
ENSO changes, including a marked decline
in activity in the early-middle Holocene (e.g.
Moy et al., 2002).
