标题：Kontaktní hypotéza v odborné literatuře pojednávající o interetnických vztazích
Contact Hypothesis in Scientific Literature about Interethnic Relations
摘要：In this article we summarize information about contact hypothesis, an important
theory in the sociology of racial and ethnic relations which influenced many studies
as well as policies in the USA and Europe. The contac
after the Second World War and supposes that intergroup contacts lead to a
decrease of prejudices that originate in the ignorance of the "other" groups and help
to eliminate discrimination. Allport, the most important representat
hypothesis, stated conditions of the most effective contact. Among the most
significant ones are: the same status of people during the contact, common
objectives, mutual cooperation and support of contact by authorities, laws and
customs. Many other conditions were added eventually. Scientists also concentrate
on mechanisms of how the hypothesis functions and they studied for example the
generalisation of the experience with one individual onto the whole group. Although,
many studies were inspired by the contact hypothesis, their results are not always
unequivocal. They often depend on the situation of contact. The critics blame the
contact scientists of taking into consideration only individual characteristics and
forgetting to analyse structural factors.
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