Visceral Leishmaniasis or kala azar is prevalent through out the tropical or subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean, Southern Europe and South and Central America. 90% of the cases are said to be occurring in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sudan. Preliminary diagnosis is based on the symptoms and clinical signs of hepatosplenomegaly and high undulating fever. Confirmed diagnosis requires demonstration of the parasite in liver, splenic or bone marrow aspirates. It was believed that bone marrow aspirates are a safer but less sensitive method in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis as compared to splenic aspirates. However, it has been shown that bone marrow smears if examined thoroughly are as sensitive as splenic aspirates and when combined with in-vitro culture of the marrow sensitivity is even higher.