摘要：In many developing countries,
women are the primary managers
and users of natural
resources. Poor rural women
play important roles in rice-based
farming systems as unpaid family
workers, hired laborers, income
earners, and major caretakers of
family health and nutrition.
In Asia, although farm size,
social and economic class, production
systems, and cultural norms vary,
women’s contributions range from
25–80% of the total labor use in rice
production. Except for land preparation
and spraying chemicals, rice
operations are dominated by women.
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