摘要：The study was aimed to investigate the
respiratory/cytological and cytogenetic changes in subjects at risk of
occupational ionizing radiation by new national recommendations and other
sensitive methods. Material and
methods . There were investigated 30 subjects, 18 females – 60%, from
diagnostic nuclear medicine/radiotherapy and radiochemistry laboratory with a
mean exposure length of 14.2±6.8 years to gamma radiation. They were
investigated by: physical, E.N.T and pulmonary function exams, as hematological
tests for blood cells` count and morphology, cytological exams in both sputum
and oral exfoliated cells. Cytogenetic investigation consisting in micronuclei
(MN) test in peripheral lymphocytes culture cells was performed in all subjects
as well as individual dosimetry. Results. There were diagnosed allergic
rhinitis (20%) and contact dermatitis (11.1%) at radiopharmaceuticals
preparation and use, without any impairment of lung function. In 8.3% Co-therapy
subjects there were diagnosed chronic rhinitis, correlated with under 10 years
of gamma-rays exposure (p<0.05). Hematological effects were of lymphopenia
positively correlated with very long-term radiation exposure. In 6.6% cases were
revealed numerical disorders of MN in peripheral lymphocytes and 16.6% subjects
had associated structural lymphocytes damages significant correlated with a high
exposure level (p<0.001). Incidence of high MN number in oral exfoliated
cells correlated both in blood in 3.3 % subjects. Sputum cytology was of type I
and II in 80%, respectively 16.6% cases with 1 case of MN presence. Individual
dosimetry showed admitted legal values. Conclusions . Staff involved in the use
of ionizing radiation, recently monitored in
Romania , seem to have an unquestionable respiratory
carcinogenic risk, even at low ionizing radiation doses. MN test in oral mucous
exfoliated cells, concomitant in peripheral lymphocytes cultures is of much
specificity in occupational ionizing radiation assay and correlates in our study
with the exposure levels.
