摘要:Nikiel and Opiela write that bank efficiency studies on emerging markets tend to show that foreign banks are more cost, profit-, and operationally efficient than state-owned or domestic private banks. Ozkan-Gunay and Tektas remark that structural weaknesses and recent crises increased the fragility of the Turkish banking system. Chang and Chiu adopt a two-stage approach, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and tobit regression, to investigate the bank efficiency index and efficiency effect incorporated into account credit and market risk. Tsionas et al. estimate economic efficiency, TFP change, and technical change of the Greek banking system over the period 1993–1998.