Collegiate student-athletes are a unique population when compared to both college nonathletes and athletes of other ages and levels of competition. Psychologists who work in this milieu must be thoroughly familiar with the developmental, academic and lifestyle issues that these young people generally face and must be prepared to intervene appropriately and ethically. Although attending to the factors that unify college athletes is important, it is equally critical for psychologists to be knowledgeable about potential differences among and between collegiate athletes. These differences may be visible (e.g., ethnicity, gender) or less visible (e.g., socioeconomic status, disability status, religion/spirituality, and sexual orientation). Ethical challenges that may arise in treatment when considering the differences between athletes are explored. Recommendations are made regarding resolution of potential dilemmas. Most notable among these are education and consultation.