出版社：SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati
摘要：Bosonic string formation in gauge theories is reviewed with particular attention to the confining
flux in lattice QCD and its string theory description. Recent results on the Casimir energy of the
ground state and the string excitation spectrum are analyzed in the Dirichlet string limit of large
separation between static sources. The closed string-soliton (torelon) with electric flux winding
around a compact dimension and the three-string with a Y-junction created by three static sources
are also reviewed. It is shown that string spectra from lattice simulations are consistent with
universal predictions of the leading operators from the derivative expansion of a Poincare invariant
effective string Lagrangian with reparameterization symmetry. Important characterisitics of the
confining flux, like stiffness and the related massive breather modes, are coded in operators with
higher derivatives and their determination remains a difficult challenge for lattice gauge theory.
