期刊名称：Opolis: An International Journal of Suburban and Metropolitan Studies
印刷版ISSN：1551-5869
电子版ISSN：1552-2148
出版年度：2006
卷号：2
期号：1
出版社：Center for Sustainable Suburban Development
摘要：A major goal of urban design, especially in centers, is to reduce automobile dependence
in order to address issues of viability and sustainability. Long-term data from cities around
the world appear to show that there is a fundamental threshold of urban intensity (residents
and jobs) of around 35 per hectare1 where automobile dependence is significantly reduced.
This article seeks to determine a theoretical base for what the data show. It suggests that
below the threshold intensity of urban activity, the physical constraints of distance and time
enforce car use as the norm. The basis of these physical constraints is outlined and the link
between density and access to services that provide amenity is established, including the
service levels of public transport. A design technique for viability of centers is suggested as
well as how a city can restructure itself to overcome automobile dependence.
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