摘要：In neuroscientific research, the importance of a multi-level approach in studying behaviour,
ranging from the molecular to the behavioural level, has been increasingly recognised. In fact, behaviour
represents the ultimate output of the brain, and behavioural phenotyping may provide functional information
that may not be detectable using molecular, cellular, or histological evaluations. To correctly exploit the study
of behaviour in the field of neuroscience, the principles and strategies of ethology must be carefully
considered, so as to design appropriate experiments and accurately interpret data. In particular, ethologicaltype
scoring, which entails both the close observation of the studied behaviour and the taking into account of
its possible evolutionary history and adaptive significance, can contribute to standardising experimental
protocols, so as to improve the quality of data and the welfare of the experimental animal.
关键词：behaviour, water maze, radial maze, semi-naturalistic, rat, mouse.
