出版社：United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
摘要：In 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture surveyed 21 dry-mill ethanol
plants to estimate their 2002 production costs, including both variable (feedstock
and plant operation) and capital expenses. These plants produced
about 550 million gallons of ethanol in 2002. Net feedstock costs for the
surveyed plants ranged from 39 to 68 cents per gallon in 2002. For cash
operating expenses, the average energy expenditure was 17.29 cents per
gallon. Labor costs ranged from 3 to 11 cents per gallon, maintenance costs
from 1 to 7 cents, and administrative costs from 1 to 18 cents. For capital
expenditures, new plant construction costs from $1.05 to $3.00 per gallon of
ethanol. Average investment to expand existing ethanol production capacity
was 50 cents per gallon; hence, expansion tends to cost less than new
capacity. Comparison with a 1998 survey of ethanol producers showed that
total operating costs in 2002 had changed very little from 1998. It also
showed that the average cost of building new plants had dropped, possibly
due to designs that emphasize economies of scale.
关键词：Ethanol costs of production, net corn costs, operating costs, dry
mills, wet mills.
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