期刊名称：IVM Working Papers / Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam
出版年度：2007
卷号：2007
出版社：Amsterdam
摘要：Open space provides a number of valuable services to urban populations, including
recreational opportunities, aesthetic enjoyment, environmental functions, and may
also be associated with existence values. In separate meta-analyses of the contingent
valuation (CV) and hedonic pricing (HP) literature we examine the important
physical, socio-economic, and study characteristics that determine the value of open
space. The dependent variable in the CV meta-regression is defined as the value of
open space per hectare per year in 2003 US$, and in the HP model as the percentage
change in house price for a 100m decrease in distance to open space. Using a multilevel
modelling approach we find in both the CV and HP analyses that there is a
positive and significant relationship between the value of open space and population
density, indicating that scarcity and crowdedness matter, and that the value of open
space does not vary significantly with income. Further, urban parks are more highly
valued than other types of open space (forests, agricultural and undeveloped land)
and methodological differences in study design have a large influence on estimated
values from both CV and HP. We also find important regional differences in
preferences for open space, which suggests that the potential for transferring
estimated values between regions may be limited. In order to identify differences and
similarities in the factors of influence on CV and HP estimated values, we
standardise the dependent variables and perform a joint analysis of the data. The
results suggest that preservation values (captured in CV studies) may be more
sensitive to open space scarcity than direct use values.
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