出版社：Suntory Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines
摘要：Party activists face a coordination problem: a critical mass (a barrier to
coordination) must advocate a single policy alternative if the party is to
succeed. The need for direction is the degree to which the merits of the
alternatives respond to the underlying mood of the party. An individual’s
ability to assess the mood is his sense of direction. These factors combine to
form an index of both the desirability and the feasibility of leadership: we
call this index Michels’ Ratio. A sovereign party conference gives way to
leadership by an individual or oligarchy if and only if Michels’ Ratio is
sufficiently high. Leadership enhances the clarity of intra-party communication,
but weakens the response of policy choices to the party’s mood.
