摘要：Motivation. Non-insurance companies are offering ever greater enhancements to their warranty
programs, many times as a competitive tool to strengthen market position. Yet, oftentimes very little
analysis is performed to understand the cost of these changes. This paper discusses how warranties are
accrued for on a manufacturer¡¯s balance sheet and offers examples of methods to estimate these costs.
Method. Most of the paper¡¯s discussion centers around projecting actual payments over time using an
approach similar to an incremental loss development triangle approach, properly adjusted for exposure
and inflation changes. Other methods discussed include Bornhuetter-Ferguson, Average Age of
Warranty Claim Times Annual Spend, Active Life, and Calendar Year Payments to Revenue
Approaches.
Results. The most appropriate projection method may depend on factors such as available data or the
nature of the company¡¯s product.
Conclusions. Actuarial projections of warranty costs rooted in common actuarial reserving and pricing
techniques are appropriate for estimating the future liabilities for the warranty liabilities.
关键词：Warranty/Service Contracts; Parts and Labor Cost; Reserving; Pricing.
