期刊名称：CORE Discussion Papers / Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (UCL), Louvain
出版年度：2008
卷号：1
出版社：Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (UCL), Louvain
摘要：The progressive relocation of part of the Energy Intensive Industries (EIIs) out of Europe is one of the
possible consequences of the combination of emission charges and higher electricity prices entailed
by the EU-Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). In order to mitigate this effect, EIIs have asked for
special power contracts whereby they would be supplied from dedicated power capacities at average
(capacity, fuel, transmission and emission allowance) costs. We model this situation on a prototype
power system calibrated on four countries of Central Western Europe. In order to capture the main
feature of EIIs' demand, we separate the consumer market in two segments: EIIs and the rest. EIIs buy
electricity at average cost price while the rest pays marginal cost. We consider two different types of
EIIs' contractual arrangements: a single region wide and zonal average cost prices. We also analyze
the cases where generators only rely on existing capacities or can invest in new ones. We find that
these average cost contracts can indeed partially mitigate the incentive to relocate activities but with
quite diverse regional impacts depending on different national power policies. Models are formulated
as a non-monotone complementarity problems with endogenous energy, transmission and allowance
prices and are implemented in GAMS.
关键词：average cost based contracts, carbon leakage, complementarity conditions, EU-ETS.
