出版社：Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis
摘要：¡éLIMATE CHANGE POLICY COMES AT THE COSTS OF A LOWER NATIONAL
INCOME AND INDUCES RELOCATION OF FIRMS. bOTH EFFECTS CAN
REMAIN LIMITED IN THE EARLY YEARS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL.
HOWEVER, AT LEAST TWO CONDITIONS MUST BE MET. FIRST, A COUNTRY
MUST BE ABLE TO OUT SOURCE THE REDUCTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS, FOR EXAMPLE THROUGH AN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF
TRADEABLE PERMITS. iN THIS WAY CHEAP OPTIONS IN THE FORMER
eASTERN bLOC COUNTRIES ARE EXPLOITED. sECOND, SECTORS MUST
FACE THE SAME PRICE FOR EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS. iF THE BURDEN ON
ONE SECTOR IS RELIEVED AND ON ANOTHER SECTOR INTENSIFIED, THE
MACRO ECONOMIC COSTS WILL INCREASE. tHESE CONDITIONS ARE
ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR THE nETHERLANDS. tHE REASON IS THAT
THE nETHERLANDS HAS SPECIALISED IN ENERGY-INTENSIVE SECTORS
(CHEMICALS AND TRANSPORT) AND ALREADY USES RELATIVELY MUCH
NATURAL GAS.
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