期刊名称：DIW Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin
出版年度：2007
卷号：2007
出版社：Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin
摘要：Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects
the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the
energy-economy-environment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied
economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of these linkages in
GTAP has been incomplete. This is because energy substitution, a key factor in
this chain of linkages, is absent from the standard model specification. This
technical paper remedies this deficiency by incorporating energy substitution
into the standard GTAP model. It begins by first reviewing some of the existing
approaches to this problem in contemporary CGE models. It then suggests an
approach for GTAP which incorporates some of these desirable features of energy
substitution. The approach is implemented as an extended version of the GTAP
model called GTAP-E. In addition, GTAP-E incorporates carbon emissions from the
combustion of fossil fuels and this revised version of GTAP-E provides for a
mechanism to trade these emissions internationally as well as domestically. The
policy relevance of GTAP-E in the context of the existing debate about climate
change is illustrated by some illustrative simulations of the implementation the
European emissions trading scheme in 2005. It is hoped that the proposed model
will be used by individuals in the GTAP network who may not be themselves energy
modelers, but who require a better representation of the
energy-economy-environmental linkages than is currently offered in the standard
GTAP model.
