期刊名称:DIW Diskussionspapiere / Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin
出版年度:2008
卷号:2008
出版社:Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Berlin
摘要:In a carbon constrained world, at least four classes of greenhouse gas
mitigation options are available: Energy efficiency, fuel switching,
introduction of carbon dioxide capture and storage along with renewable
generating technologies, and reductions in emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse
gases. The role of energy technologies is considered crucial in climate change
mitigation. In particular, carbon capture and storage (CCS) promises to allow
for low-emissions fossil-fuel based power generation. The technology is under
development; a number of technological, economic, environmental and safety
issues remain to be solved. With regard to its sustainability impact, CCS raises
a number of questions: On the one hand, CCS may prolong the prevailing
coal-to-electricity regime and countervail efforts in other mitigation
categories. On the other hand, given the indisputable need to continue using
fossil fuels for some time, it may serve as a bridging technology towards a
sustainable energy future. In this paper, we discuss the relevant issues for the
case of Germany. We provide a survey of the current state of the art of CCS and
activities, and perform an energy-environment-economic analysis using a general
equilibrium model for Germany. The model analyzes the impact of introducing
carbon constraints with respect to the deployment of CCS, to the resulting
greenhouse gas emissions, to the energy and technology mix and with respect to
interaction of different mitigation efforts. The results show the relative
importance of the components in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Germany.
For example, under the assumption of a CO2 policy, both energy efficiency and
CCS will contribute to climate gas mitigation. A given climate target can be
achieved at lower marginal costs when the option of CCS is included. We conclude
that, given an appropriate legal and policy framework, CCS, energy efficiency
and some other mitigation efforts are complementary measures and should form
part of a broad mix of measures required for a successful CO2 mitigation
strategy.