In the framework of this study done in the United States and South Africa, we took a look at the phenomenon of the social representations of the school players – teacher and administration-teacher – in relation to ethno-cultural diversity in the context of learning/teaching mathematics in two elementary schools. In this article we aim for two objectives: 1) to identify the social representations of enthnocultural diversity of four elementary school math teachers 2) to understand their positions in terms ofmulti-and intercultural education.Tomeet the objectives, we will describe the concepts of social and cultural representations, ideas on the nature of mathematics and a three-part model of multi- and intercultural education (assimilation, adaptation and transformation). This research is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. Even though the teachers mention the persistence of dominant assimilating values, they recognize the necessity of adapting to change by using every necessary effort to give value to the ethno-cultural and socio-cultural diversity of students who are traditionally marginalized both in terms of math knowledge and classroom interactions. Some more clearly recognize the importance of combating discrimination and promoting the intra- and inter-cultural empowerment of teachers and students through the mastery of math knowledge.