摘要：A common deficiency in the verbal repertoires of individuals with autism and related disorders is the absence of socially appropriate vocal mands. The vocal mand repertoires of these individuals may be lacking in several respects: (a) The individual might engage in no mands whatsoever, (b) the mand might be topographically dissimilar to an appropriate response, (c) the mand might be only partially topographically similar to an appropriate response, and (d) the mand might occur only after prompting. Depending on specific deficiencies in an individual's repertoire, different procedures for establishing appropriate mands may be needed. The purpose of Study 1 was to evaluate an assessment prior to teaching vocal mands for 3 individuals with developmental disabilities. The assessment showed that 1 individual displayed partial utterances of mands, 1 displayed vocal mands after mands had been reinforced, and 1 displayed vocal mands when prompted. Thus, in Study 2, a different teaching strategy was tested for each individual. Results showed that the assessment information could be linked directly to mand training for all 3 participants. Full Text The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (159K). Selected References These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. Bosch S, Fuqua RW. Behavioral cusps: a model for selecting target behaviors. J Appl Behav Anal. 2001 Spring; 34 (1):123–125. [ PubMed ] Carr EG, Durand VM. Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. J Appl Behav Anal. 1985 Summer; 18 (2):111–126. [ PubMed ] Drasgow E, Halle JW, Ostrosky MM. Effects of differential reinforcement on the generalization of a replacement mand in three children with severe language delays. J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Fall; 31 (3):357–374. [ PubMed ] Hanley GP, Iwata BA, Thompson RH. Reinforcement schedule thinning following treatment with functional communication training. J Appl Behav Anal. 2001 Spring; 34 (1):17–38. [ PubMed ] Hartmann DP, Hall RV. The changing criterion design. J Appl Behav Anal. 1976 WINTER; 9 (4):527–532. [ PubMed ] Kahng SW, Hendrickson DJ, Vu CP. Comparison of single and multiple functional communication training responses for the treatment of problem behavior. J Appl Behav Anal. 2000 Fall; 33 (3):321–324. [ PubMed ] McComas JJ, Wacker DP, Cooper LJ, Asmus JM, Richman D, Stoner B. Brief experimental analysis of stimulus prompts for accurate responding on academic tasks in an outpatient clinic. J Appl Behav Anal. 1996 Fall; 29 (3):397–401. [ PubMed ] Richman DM, Wacker DP, Winborn L. Response efficiency during functional communication training: effects of effort on response allocation. J Appl Behav Anal. 2001 Spring; 34 (1):73–76. [ PubMed ] Roane HS, Vollmer TR, Ringdahl JE, Marcus BA. Evaluation of a brief stimulus preference assessment. J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Winter; 31 (4):605–620. [ PubMed ] Rosales-Ruiz J, Baer DM. Behavioral cusps: a developmental and pragmatic concept for behavior analysis. J Appl Behav Anal. 1997 Fall; 30 (3):533–544. [ PubMed ] Simic J, Bucher B. Development of spontaneous manding in language deficient children. J Appl Behav Anal. 1980 Fall; 13 (3):523–528. [ PubMed ] Tarbox Rachel S E, Wallace Michele D, Williams Larry. Assessment and treatment of elopement: a replication and extension. J Appl Behav Anal. 2003 Summer; 36 (2):239–244. [ PubMed ] Touchette PE, Howard JS. Errorless learning: reinforcement contingencies and stimulus control transfer in delayed prompting. J Appl Behav Anal. 1984 Summer; 17 (2):175–188. [ PubMed ] Williams G, Donley CR, Keller JW. Teaching children with autism to ask questions about hidden objects. J Appl Behav Anal. 2000 Winter; 33 (4):627–630. [ PubMed ] Winborn Lisa, Wacker David P, Richman David M, Asmus Jennifer, Geier Deb. Assessment of mand selection for functional communication training packages. J Appl Behav Anal. 2002 Fall; 35 (3):295–298. [ PubMed ] Yamamoto J, Mochizuki A. Acquisition and functional analysis of manding with autistic students. J Appl Behav Anal. 1988 Spring; 21 (1):57–64. [ PubMed ]
