摘要：Educational interventions based on the principles of behavior analysis are highly effective for establishing skills in young children with autism. As a first step in program development, the child's current skill level is determined by evaluating performance on tasks drawn from a preestablished curriculum. However, few specific guidelines have been delineated for conducting these skills assessments or interpreting the results. In this study, we evaluated an efficient methodology for conducting skills assessments. Six children who had been diagnosed with autism participated. The relative efficacy of two assessment packages--one containing several reinforcement procedures and one containing several potentially effective prompts--was evaluated across two to three skills for each child using multiple baseline and reversal designs. Results suggested that the methodology was useful for matching targeted skills to appropriate interventions. Full Text The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (142K). Selected References These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. Charlop MH, Kurtz PF, Milstein JP. Too much reinforcement, too little behavior: assessing task interspersal procedures in conjunction with different reinforcement schedules with autistic children. J Appl Behav Anal. 1992 Winter; 25 (4):795–808. [ PubMed ] Daly Edward J. A comparison of three interventions for increasing oral reading performance: Application of the instructional hierarchy. J Appl Behav Anal. 1994 Fall; 27 (3):459–469. [ PubMed ] Daly EJ, 3rd, Martens BK, Kilmer A, Massie DR. The effects of instructional match and content overlap on generalized reading performance. J Appl Behav Anal. 1996 Winter; 29 (4):507–518. [ PubMed ] DeLeon IG, Iwata BA, Roscoe EM. Displacement of leisure reinforcers by food during preference assessments. J Appl Behav Anal. 1997 Fall; 30 (3):475–484. [ PubMed ] DeLeon IG, Neidert PL, Anders BM, Rodriguez-Catter V. Choices between positive and negative reinforcement during treatment for escape-maintained behavior. J Appl Behav Anal. 2001 Winter; 34 (4):521–525. [ PubMed ] Eckert Tanya L, Ardoin Scott P, Daly Edward J, Martens Brian K. Improving oral reading fluency: a brief experimental analysis of combining an antecedent intervention with consequences. J Appl Behav Anal. 2002 Fall; 35 (3):271–281. [ PubMed ] Fisher W, Piazza CC, Bowman LG, Hagopian LP, Owens JC, Slevin I. A comparison of two approaches for identifying reinforcers for persons with severe and profound disabilities. J Appl Behav Anal. 1992 Summer; 25 (2):491–498. [ PubMed ] Handen BL, Parrish JM, McClung TJ, Kerwin ME, Evans LD. Using guided compliance versus time out to promote child compliance: a preliminary comparative analysis in an analogue context. Res Dev Disabil. 1992; 13 (2):157–170. [ PubMed ] Horner RD, Keilitz I. Training mentally retarded adolescents to brush their teeth. J Appl Behav Anal. 1975 Fall; 8 (3):301–309. [ PubMed ] Iwata BA, Dorsey MF, Slifer KJ, Bauman KE, Richman GS. Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. J Appl Behav Anal. 1994 Summer; 27 (2):197–209. [ PubMed ] Koegel LK, Koegel RL. The effects of interspersed maintenance tasks on academic performance in a severe childhood stroke victim. J Appl Behav Anal. 1986 Winter; 19 (4):425–430. [ PubMed ] Koegel RL, Koegel LK, McNerney EK. Pivotal areas in intervention for autism. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001 Mar; 30 (1):19–32. [ PubMed ] McComas JJ, Wacker DP, Cooper LJ, Asmus JM, Richman D, Stoner B. Brief experimental analysis of stimulus prompts for accurate responding on academic tasks in an outpatient clinic. J Appl Behav Anal. 1996 Fall; 29 (3):397–401. [ PubMed ] Neef NA, Shafer MS, Egel AL, Cataldo MF, Parrish JM. The class specific effects of compliance training with "do" and "don't" requests: analogue analysis and classroom application. J Appl Behav Anal. 1983 Spring; 16 (1):81–99. [ PubMed ] Parrish JM, Cataldo MF, Kolko DJ, Neef NA, Egel AL. Experimental analysis of response covariation among compliant and inappropriate behaviors. J Appl Behav Anal. 1986 Fall; 19 (3):241–254. [ PubMed ] Richman DM, Wacker DP, Cooper-Brown LJ, Kayser K, Crosland K, Stephens TJ, Asmus J. Stimulus characteristics within directives: effects on accuracy of task completion. J Appl Behav Anal. 2001 Fall; 34 (3):289–312. [ PubMed ] Roane HS, Fisher WW, Sgro GM. Effects of a fixed-time schedule on aberrant and adaptive behavior. J Appl Behav Anal. 2001 Fall; 34 (3):333–336. [ PubMed ] Russo DC, Cataldo MF, Cushing PJ. Compliance training and behavioral covariation in the treatment of multiple behavior problems. J Appl Behav Anal. 1981 Fall; 14 (3):209–222. [ PubMed ]
