The subject of this paper is related to the involvement of Marxist Psychology as a scientific discipline, in the prophylactic work in social life. "Prophylaxis" is defined not only as prevention of pathologic events or processes. It is stressed that prophylaxis is too to deal with the healthy person for the achievement of the high expression of his potentialities, and in order to fill his basic and psychological needs. Interdisciplinary approach is emphasized as one of the supporting basis in prophylactic work. In Marxist Psychology can be found theoretical possibilities for the development of prophylactic perspectives, such as its foundations on materialistic-dialectic phylosophy, the sistem of concepts and principles, the model non centered on pathology but in general and personality psychology and the wide range of opportunities for practical experiences. The whole paper was delivered as an address to "The meeting on theoretical and methodological problems of Psychology in Latin America" that took place on June, 1986, in the Faculty of Psychology, University of Havana. In order to the published, its contents are offered in two parts: "Foundations ideas", and "Practice experiences in Cuba", the latter will appear in a next issue.