出版社：Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
摘要：I f price incentives do materialize,
the lack of integration into markets
of many small producers prevents
them from responding. In many
developing countries, the structure of
smallholder agriculture has a significant
impact in constraining supply response
and it is changing – land–labour ratios
are declining as population increases –
in a way that could further lower
smallholder producers’ capacity to
respond to higher prices. Evidence from
Eastern and Southern Africa shows that
there is a high concentration of marketed
maize among a small number of
households (in some countries, 2 percent
of households supply 50 percent of the
total volume of marketed maize), and
other smallholders are not making
the investments needed to generate
surpluses for sale on even moderately
sized holdings (3–4 ha). In Uganda,
smallholder agricultural production
dominates, with farmers with an average
landholding of less than 2 ha accounting
more than 90 percent of total food
production. Smallholder farmers account
for about 80 percent of agricultural
production in Ghana.
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