出版社：SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati
摘要：We present results of the implementation of one MILC lattice QCD application—simulation with dynamical clover fermions using the hybrid-molecular dynamics R algorithm—on the Cell Broadband Engine processor. Fifty-four individual computational kernels responsible for 98.8% of the overall execution time were ported to the Cell’s Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The remaining application framework, including MPI-based distributed code execution, was left to the Cell’s PowerPC processor. We observe that we only infrequently achieve more than 10 GFLOPS with any of the kernels, which is just over 4% of the Cell’s peak performance. At the same time, many of the kernels are sustaining a bandwidth close to 20 GB/s, which is 78% of the Cell’s peak. This indicates that the application performance is limited by the bandwidth between the main memory and the SPEs. In spite of this limitation, speedups of 8.7× (for 8×8×16×16 lattice) and 9.6× (for 16×16×16×16 lattice) were achieved when comparing a 3.2 GHz Cell processor to a single core of a 2.33 GHz Intel Xeon processor. When comparing the code scaled up to execute on a dual-Cell blade and a quad-core dual-chip Intel Xeon blade, the speedups are 1.5× (8×8×16×16 lattice) and 4.1× (16×16×16×16 lattice).
