摘要：This paper analyses key elements of the imposition of economic liberalization in Haiti. Like
other countries with a history of colonialism, dependence, and post-independence authoritarianism and
corruption, Haiti has faced great diffculties sustaining a sovereign and democratic nation. Weak governance,
declining gross domestic product (GDP), and ineffective development policies led to the imposition of
structural adjustment policies, beginning in the late 1990s. Despite International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
World Bank optimism, structural adjustment has not improved Haiti’s economic standing. In fact, it has
challenged the core of the country’s already weak political structures. Social aspirations of the largely poor
Créole majority — expressed through former President Jean-Bertrand Aristide and his party, the Fanmi
Lavalas — came into confict with the predominantly francophone ruling class backed by Western powers.
Living standards continue to decline and Haiti remains vulnerable both politically and economically.
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