期刊名称：Selcuk Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisi
印刷版ISSN：1302-1796
出版年度：2009
期号：21
出版社：Selcuk University
摘要：The purpose of this study is to present in which level the crisis management in SMEs are institualizated as administrational
and organizational. For this purpose in first part of this study, term of SME and its importance, crisis term and its scope, crisis
and relations between SME’s, crisis management and applications used in crisis management are discussed. In research part of the
study, are the SMEs in textile sector in K.MARAŞ doing any application for institualizating the crisis management. If they do sort
and properties of these applications and in which level they are doing these applications are tried to present.
Even if the big companies dominion is continuining significantly, it is possible to Express that SMEs are very important for
cities, states and countries. Because of the SMEs flexibility of comformance to changing market conditions, their talent of
substitution of big companies, contributions to interregional balaced growth, positive effects to environmental protection and
their important role to provide income distrubition fairly are known facts. On the other hand SMEs are main source of the
technologic developments because of their felexibility to innovations and they can easily overcome with respect to big companies.
General Directorate responsible from SMEs in EU Commission stated that their main puspose is developing exisiting companies
and to support and facilitate establishment of the new companies. When SMEs importance for Turkey is checked, SMEs
comprise 98 % of the all companies and 56,3 % of the total employement. Share of the SMEs in total investments are 26,5 %,38
% in added value. (Bulut and others, 2006: 152). In this sense that can be expressed that SMEs have an important part of national
economy. So, to settle competition in a country and to continue this competition and to rescue economy form recession are
possible with supporting SMEs which are the locomotive of the economic vitality.
When we check results of the crisis in companies we can see; shareholders damaged trust, decreases in sales, the negative impact of
profit and profitability, reduction of productivity, loss of prestige, breakdown of the international relations, centralization of the
administrative decisions, reduction of adaptability, stress increasing, brakdown of the organization's internal communication, lack of
motivation, breakdown of decision process and minimizing organizational tendency.
As a result, although the managers of the SMEs express that they apply crisis management studies, these studies are
condensing during the crisis. So the company administrations are in effort for institutionalizing to render crisis management more
efficiently but these efforts are not based on scientific basis and not apllied consciously and professionally. On the other hand;
companies crisis management efforts are not based on scientific basis and these efforts are not applying for its purpose
consciously. However, it can be expressed that the works of the crisis management of the SMEs in scope of the study before and
during the crisis are “reactive” then “proactive” and they apply an “interactive” policy after crisis.
Three processes are usually used in organizations to overcome the crisis. The first management is before the crisis, second
during the crisis and the last process is after the crisis. The purpose of the crisis mangement during the pre-crisis conditions is to
detect the crisis before the crisis conditions take place and to use the crisis conditions for success. Crisis management during crisis
is to predict the possible crisis situation and take necessary precautions to avoid the crisis and to determine ways of avoidancfrom the crisis. When he crisis is finished, post crisis period begins. At this stage companies find avaliable solutions for the
changing situations and give new dimensions to the activities and strategies.
It is possible to spot in the literature the three porcesses expressed above in the context of crisis management. In this context,
Augustine (2000) examines the crisis management in six stages. These are: to escape from the crisis, be prepared to manage the
crisis, to identify the crisis, to freeze the crisis, to solve the crisis and to benefit from crisis. Pheng and Ho are examined (1999)
crisis management in five stages; noticing the signs, preparation and prevention, damage control, improvement and learning. Heat
(1998), collected crisis management under the five groups. These can be sorted as: to block the crisis, to minimize the affects of
the crisis situation, to response and improvement before the crisis, to focus the crisiss beginning process when the crisis occurs,
to interest with crisiss affects when the crisis threats start to influenc and after the crisis improvement and restoration programs.is
after the improvement and restoration programs. Örnek and Aydın (2006) addressed crisis management in four stages as,
formation process of the crisis and pre-studies for prevention before the crisis, planning, crisiss beginning period and crisis
period. Pearson and Mitroff (1993) were examined crisis management in six stages. They are: Identification of Marks, research
and preparation, prevention and to limit the losses, imprving the situation, continue to learn and re-planning. To receive the signal
phases of crisis and crisis readiness process shows "proactive" features in crisis management. If these fetures implemented
properly and they are successful, this activities can prevent many crisiss the first phase. The next phases, prevention, damage
limitation and improvement has "reactive" properties. It can be said that learning process has an interactive feature. This phase
shows itself as a part of the crisis management plan or as a result of crisis experiences in the absence of the crisis.
Crisis management strategies in organizations are very important for assessing the crisis as an opportunuity and less affecting
from the crisis. Kash and Darling (1998), are mentioning four major techniques that can be used in the crisis management
strategy. Accordingly, strategic planning forecasting should be made to perform adaptation of organizations to new situations in
the future. If events not accrues as expected “possibility planning” must be considered as an alternative plan instead existing plan.
The problem analysis should be done which provides to affect the deciders on alert for the development of trends in external
environment of the company. Companies should make scenario analysis to avoid, to facilitate or prevent positive and negative
situations and processes arises from these situations.
关键词：SME, Crisis, Management of Crisis, Crisis of Organizational, Management of Institutional Crisis
